Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Clostridium butyricum tablets in treatment of diarrhea in patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis.Methods Eighty-seven patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis and diarrhea were collected from Pujiang People' s Hospital in Zhejiang province during January 2011 and May 2013.According to random number table,patients were divided into Clostridium butyricum treated group (n =44) and control group (n =43).Both groups were given antiviral,liver support,jaundice-relieving and fluid infusion treatments,while patients in Clostridium butyricum group were given Clostridium butyricum tablets (2 tables per time,3 tables per day for 4 weeks) additionally.Diarrhea remission time,improvements in liver function and the complications were observed.Differences in measurement data were compared with t test,and enumeration data were compared with x2 test or rank-sum test.Results The total effective rate in Clostridium butyricum group was 95.45％ (42/44),while that in control group was 74.4％ (32/43) (Z =2.82,P ＜ 0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment,the improvements of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),total bilirubin (TBil),albumin (Alb) and Child-Pugh (CTP) score in Clostridium butyricum group were more marked than those in control group (t =2.13,2.57,4.83,5.93 and 3.30,P ＜ 0.01).Hepatic encephalopathy occurred in 2 patients in control group and none in Clostridium buayricum group.Conclusion Clostridium butyricum has significant curative effect on diarrhea in patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis,and it can also improve liver function and reduce the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of low-c oncentration iso_osmolar contrast agent together with low tube voltage and iterative reconstruction algorithm in rabbit liver computed tonography (CT) perfusion imaging.Methods A total of 15 bealthy New Zealand rabbits were scanned twice of liver CT perfusion scans each with 24 hours interval.The first scan (routine group) was acquired at 100 kV and 100 mAs with ultravist (370 mg/ml),while the second (double low group) was acquired at 80 kV and 100 mAs with iodixanol (270 mg/ml) at 24 hours after the first scan.The obtained images were reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) and adaptive iterative dose reduction (AIDR-3D)algorithms in the controlled and experimental groups,respectively.The perfusion parameters including hepatic artery perfusion(HAP),portal vein perfasion(PVP),hepatic perfusion index(HPI),and total liver perfusion(TLP) and image quality as image quality score,average CT value of abdomen aorta,signalto-noise ratio(SNR),carrier-to-noise ratio(CNR),and figure of merit(FOM) were compared used pair ttest or Mann-Whitney U-test between the two groups wherever appropriate.The effective radiation dose and iodine intake were also recorded and compared.Results The image quality and perfusion parameters had no significantly different between the two groups except for FOM.The effective radiation dose and iodine intake were 38.79％ and 27.03％ lower in the double low group.Conclusions Low concentration iso _osmolar contrast agent (iodixanol,270 mg/ml) together with low tube voltage (80 kV) helps to reduce radiation dose and iodine intake without compromising perfusion parameters and image quality in liver CT perfusion imaging.

AIM:To study the telomere maintenance mechanism in mesenchymal stem calls(MSCs).METHODS:MSCs were isolated from healthy human bone marrow by their adherence to plastic and then were checked with CD14-FITC,CD45-FITC,CD44-FITC,HLA-DR-FITC,CD34-PE,CD29-PE and CD166-PE.Telomere length and ECTR DNA in MSCs were detected by Southern blotting.The localization of TRF1 and promyelocytic leukemia(PML)in MSCs were detected with immunofluorescence staining.TRAP protocol was performed to detect the telomerase activity in MSCs and MSCs-derived adipocytes.Western blotting and TRAP protocol were applied to measure telomerase activity of MSCs,which were synchronized by serum starvation and aphidicolin treatment.RESULTS:The telomere in length seemed shorter and relatively more homogeneous in MSCs and HeLa cells than that in WI-38-2RA cells.TRF1 did not concide with PML nuclear body in MSCs and HeLa cells while it exclusively did in WI-38-2RA cells.ECTR DNA was negative in MSCs and HeLa cells but positive in WI-38-2RA cells.Telomerase was negative in MSCs but it was positive in MSCs-derived adipocytes detected by TRAP.Moreover,a cell cycle-dependent expression profile of telomerase was found in MSCs when they were synchronized by serum starvation and aphidicolin treatment.Untreated MSCs expressed very low level of telomerase probed by Western blotting with 2C4 mAb,but the telomerase level had significantly increased when these cells were trapped in S phase.CONCLUSION:The telomere of MSCs is maintained by telomerase pathway instead of alternative lengthing of telomere(ALT)and the level of telomerase expression is associated with cell cycle stage.[

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized byβ-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and tauprotein hyperphosphorylation, whereas its pathogenesis has not been fully known so far. The metabolism of Aβand tau protein is critically affected by autophagy. In the early phase of AD, Aβand tau protein can induce themselves to be eliminated via mTOR-dependent and independent autophagy pathways. In addition, transcription factors EB and apolipoprotein E4 also regulate autophagy and thus participate in the metabolism of Aβand tau protein, affecting AD progression. This review summarized the roles of autophagy in the metabolism of Aβand tau protein and the autophagy regulators closely related to AD in the recent studies.

【Objective】 To investigate the distribution of ABO and RhD blood groups among voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou, in order to ensure clinical blood safety and better serve blood donors. 【Methods】 Routine ABO and RhD blood group screening tests were carried out among voluntary blood donors from January 2021 to December 2022. The composition ratio of ABO blood group was statistically analyzed. The samples with discrepancy between forward and reverse blood grouping and negative RhD blood group samples were further verified by serological test to analyze the ABO subtypes and the reasons for missed detection. 【Results】 A total of 749 123 blood samples were screened from January 2021 to December 2022, and 513 291 samples were collected after excluding repeat blood donors, with the ABO blood groups as 208 126(40.55%) of O type, 138 859(27.05%) of A type, 130 987(25.52%) of B type and 35 319(6.88%) of AB type. The screening results showed discrepancy between forward and reverse blood grouping in 506 samples, of which 58 were with weak/non-erythrocyte reaction, 16 with erythrocyte reaction, 215 with weak/non-serum reaction, and 217 with serum reaction. Further serological test indicated that 44 samples were ABO subtypes, among which 13 were subtype A, 26 subtype B, 5 subtype AB and 3 B (A) and 14 Bombay-like blood group. The blood group with the highest missed detection rate in repeat blood donors were A3/B3 subtype (68.42%). A total of 128 unexpected antibody positive samples were detected among 513 291 samples A total of 2 277 samples were screened negative for RhD blood type, of which 2 188 were confirmed to be Rh negative (2 188/513 291, 0.43%), 89 were D variants (89/513 291, 0.02%, ) and 30 were detected with unexpected antibodies (30/2 188, 1.37%). 【Conclusion】 The ABO blood group distribution of blood donors in Guangzhou is O>A>B>AB, and the proportion of RhD negative population is 0.43%, slightly highter than 0.3%-0.4% of Han population nationwide. The ABO blood group subtype is dominated by B subtype. The detection rate and missed detection rate of A3/B3 subtypes in routine blood group tests are the highest.

【Objective】 To establish a quality control mechanism based on the Poisson distribution for monitoring contamination in nucleic acid testing (NAT) laboratories. 【Methods】 The study collected NAT single-reactivity rates and discriminatory test reactivity rates from the Grifols Panther NAT system from 2022 to 2023. The Poisson distribution probability method was used to calculate the daily probability of nucleic acid single reactivity. Sensitivity and specificity of the quality control model were further validated using single-reactivity rates, discriminatory reactivity rates and ROC curve analysis, followed by proposing corresponding multi-rule quality control strategies. 【Results】 Using P=0.05 as the threshold for out-of-control, the Poisson distribution probability quality control model identified 40 out-of-control points with P<0.05. After manual verification using discriminatory reactivity rates, 20 out-of-control points were confirmed. The sensitivity of determining out-of-control was 60.0%, and the specificity was 95.6%. Due to the high number of out-of-control points, it is recommended to combine discriminatory reactivity rates and employ multi-rule quality control methods for quality monitoring. Under the multi-rule quality control, there were 18 warning points and 2 out-of-control points for NAT single reactivity from 2022 to 2023. 【Conclusion】 The multi-rule NAT single-reactivity monitoring mechanism based on the Poisson distribution probability is more suitable for nucleic acid laboratories to monitor and warn of laboratory contamination, thereby enhancing the management capabilities and detection quality of nucleic acid laboratories.

Objective To explore the clinical application of ultrasound-guided transabdominal villus and amniocentesis in the prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia,and to find a suitable method for the prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia in Qinzhou.Methods A total of 531 high-risk pregnant women with severe or intermediate thalassemia during single pregnancy who were treated in the Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis,Qinzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from March 2021 to April 2022 were selected for the study.According to different sampling methods,they were divided into control group(amniocentesis,n=415)and study group(transabdominal villus puncture,n=116).The success rate,complication rate of the two groups were compared.Results The success rate of puncture in the control group was 100％,2 cases were aborted within 2 weeks after surgery,17 cases were diagnosed with severe alpha-thalassemia,10 cases with severe β-thalassemia and 64 cases with intermediate thalassemia,48 cases with moderate and severe thalassemia induced labor.The success rate of puncture in the research group was 100％,10 cases were diagnosed with severe alpha-thalassemia,4 cases with severe β-thalassemia and 17 cases with intermediate thalassemia,and 26 cases with moderate severe thalassemia were induced labor.There was no significant difference in puncture success rate and abortion rate between the two methods(P>0.05).Conclusion Both methods are safe and effective.Transabdominal villus sampling can detect fetal thalassemia in early pregnancy,and it is worth promoting and applying in clinical practice.