Ear Protective Devices ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Mining ; Noise, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Petroleum ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate and analyze the capabilities of Plasmodium microscopic examinations in medical and health organizations in Dongxihu District,Wuhan City,so as to provide evidences for achieving the standard of malaria elimina?tion and malaria control in the future. Methods The basic information of the laboratorians and the hardware facilities in 15 mi?croscopic examination stations of Plasmodium were collected and analyzed from 2010 to 2015. Meanwhile,the quality of mak?ing,dyeing,cleanliness of all the negatives blood smears were evaluated,and all the positive smears were re?checked in the dis?trict during the period above mentioned. Results Totally,there were 28 laboratorians and 9 qualified microscopes in 15 micros?copy stations in Dongxihu District. The age of the laboratorians in the first?level and third?level organizations was mainly from 40 to 50 years old,but the age of those in the second?level organizations was from 20 to 30 years old. The years for microscopic ex?amination working of most of the laboratorians in the first?level and third?level organizations were more than 15 years,while the working years of those in the second?level organizations were mainly less than 10 years. The education level of the laboratorians in the first?level organization was mainly(50.00%)junior college,while the education levels of those in the second and third or?ganizations were mainly bachelor. From 2010 to 2015,8 561 blood smears were produced and 539 of them were reviewed,the co?incidence rates of review were all 100%,and the average qualified rates of making,dyeing,and cleanliness of the negative blood smears were 82.08%,79.92%and 83.33%,respectively. All the rates mentioned above in 2015 were higher than those in 2010(χ2=26.45,16.85,13.93,all P<0.01). Conclusion The capability of microscopic examinations of Plasmodium has improved obviously in Dongxihu District,but the human resources construction and hardware input in this district should be im?proved,meanwhile,the check on the quality control of microscopic examinations of Plasmodium should be continued,so as to guarantee the sustainable and healthy development of malaria control work in this district.

Objective To develop a new method for the rapid determination of lomefloxacin,gatifloxacin,ciprofloxacin and oflox-acin in plasm and urine by solid phase extraction(SPE)and capillary electrophoresis.Methods The capillary was fused silica capil-lary with id/od of 75/365 μm and effective/total length of 40/47 cm.The running buffer was 40 mmol/L borate buffer at pH 9.0. Separation voltage was 13 kV.Temperature was 20 ℃.Detection wave-length was set at 280 nm.The sample was analyzed after the pretreatment of SPE.Results The analysis of lomefloxacin,gatifloxacin,ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin was completed in 6 minutes with satisfied accuracy and precision.Good linearity was found within the range of 1-40 μg/mL,and the r was 0.998 7,0.997 6, 0.998 3 and 0.994 2 respectively.The recoveries of four quinolones in plasm and urine ranged from 80.1% to 107.6%,and the rel-ative standard deviations(RSD)ranged from 2.1% to 6.2%.Conclusion This method is fast,simple,precise and it might be feasi-ble for the determination of lomefloxacin,gatifloxacin,ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in plasm and urine samples.

Objective To explore the mechanism and effect of miR-146a on alveolar macrophages and to observe the changes of miR-146a expression in the LPS-induced alveolar macrophages. Method NR8383 alveolar macrophages were divided into LPS-stimulated group and control group, and the cells of former group were treated with LPS ( 1 μg/mL) and then incubated for 3 h, 6 h and 12 h, respectively. The level of TNF-α in the supernatant of cells was assayed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of miR-146a of cells was detected by using Real-Time PCR (TaqMan probe).Statistical analysis carried out by using SPSS 13.0 software package in which One-way ANOVA and Student's t-test were used. Results Compared with control group, the levels of TNF-α in the supernatant of cells were significantly increased 3 h, 6 h and 12 h after LPS challenge (P ＜ 0.01 ). The expression of miR-146a increased 6 h and 12 h after LPS stimulation in NR8383 cells( P ＜0.01 ), and it had an upward tendency.Conclusions The expression of miR-146a in alveolar macrophages increases after LPS-stimulation. It hints miR-146a may be involved in the regulation of the inflammatory responses produced by alveolar macrophages.

Objective To study the tolerance to 188Re-1-hydroxy-1 ,1-ethylidene disodium phosphonate(HEDP) in patients with bone pain caused by osseous metastases. Methods Thirty-one patients(10with prostate cancer, 9 with breast cancer, 3 with lung cancer, 5 with liver cancer, 2 with rectal cancer, 1with esophageal cancer and 1 with renal cancer) received a single injection dose of 188Re-HEDP. The patients were divided into four groups according to the injection dose: 20 MBq/kg (6 patients), 30 MBq/kg(6 patients), 40 MBq/kg (9 patients), and 50 MBq/kg (10 patients). Haematological toxicity (WHO grading) of grade Ⅲ- Ⅳ was considered unacceptable. Vital signs and adverse effects after injection were recorded for 8 weeks. Blood counts were measured weekly during a period of 8 weeks. Biochemical parameters and electrocardiogram were assayed at week 4 and 8. Statistical analysis was performed for per-protocol (pp) population (t-test). Results Twenty-seven patients belonged to PP population with 5 in the group of 20 MBq/kg, 5 in the group of 30 MBq/kg, 8 in the group of 40 MBq/kg and 9 in the group of 50 MBq/kg.No obvious adverse effects and no significant change of vital signs, electrocardiogram, liver and renal function were found after injection. Alkaline phosphatase was slightly higher than baseline at week 4 and 8 after therapy, but the difference was not statistically significant. In the 20 MBq/kg group, reversible grade Ⅰ leucopenia was noted in 1 patient. In the 30 MBq/kg group, 2 patients showed reversible grade Ⅰ leucopenia including 1 alone with reversible grade Ⅲ thrombopenia. In the 40 MBq/kg group, reversible grade Ⅰ leucopenia and thrombopenia was observed in 1 patient and reversible grade Ⅱ leucopenia and thrombopenia in another patient. In the .50 MBq/kg group, 3 patients showed reversible grade Ⅱ leucopenia. The lowest level of thrombopenia was at week 4(143.5 × 109/L), leucopenia at week 6 (5.4 × 109/L) and anaemia at week 8(t = 3.1325, 3.3156, 3.4917, all P ＜ 0. 05 compared with baseline). At week 8, the mean level of platelet and leucocyte recovered to baseline. "Bounce pain" was found in 2 of 27 patients (7.41%).Conclusions The dose of 20 MBq/kg, 30 MBq/kg, 40 MBq/kg or 50 MBq/kg of 188Re-HEDP do not cause significant side effects on cancer patients with bone metastases, though there is a tendency that the haematological toxicity may increase as the dose of 188Re-HEDP increases.

Background To optimize the culture method of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells is very important for the study of retinal angiogenesis disease.Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells have been successfully cultured in previous studies,but further improvement of the culture method to harvest higher yields and purity cells is still needed.Objective This study was to design a modified method to isolate and purify human retinal microvascular endothelial cells much easily and quickly,and to compare the expression of specific markers of vascular endothelial cells,factor Ⅷ and CD31/CD34 in the cells.Methods The use of human donor eyeballs was approved by the Ethic Commission of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University.The retina tissue from healthy donor was isolated and digested by the two-step digestion method with 2％ trypsin and 0.133％ collagenase Ⅳ.Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells were collected and plated in 60 mm dishes coated by 0.1％ fibronectin and cultured in endothelial cell-specialized medium supplemented with 10％ fetal bovine serum,0.3 mg/L β-endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) and 100 ng/L sodium heparin.During the culturing,the growth situation of the cells was monitored by morphological observation,and immunohistochemical staining was performed to probe vascular endothelial cell-specific membrane protein CD31,CD34 and factor Ⅷ for identification of the cell purity.Results Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells were isolated successfully from the retina by the twostep digestion method.The primary cultured cells adhered to well 72 hours later and achieved confluence with the typical cobblestone appearance 9 to 10 days after cultured.The cells exhibited the blue nuclei and reddish cytoplasm by regular haematoxylin and eosin stain and showed a strong positive response for CD31,CD34 and factor Ⅷ by immunohistochemistry.The positive dye of CD31 and CD34 was lower than Ⅷ factor in both endothelial cells.Conclusions Modified culture method of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells can improve cell culture result and purify target cells.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammatory model of rat alveolar macrophages, and to observe the effect of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine (Phy) on the anti-inflammatory effect of ACh.Methods The rat alveolar macrophages NR8383 were cultured in vitro, which were divided into five groups: blank control group, LPS group (stimulated with 1 mg/L LPS for 12 hours), LPS+ ACh group (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100μmol/L of ACh were added for 5 minutes before LPS stimulation), LPS+ Phy group (1 mmol/L Phy was added for 5 minutes before LPS stimulation), and LPS+ ACh+ Phy group (1 mmol/L Phy and 10μmol/L ACh were added for 5 minutes before LPS stimulation). The supernatants were collected in each group, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assay the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β, and IL-6). The activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE ) in the supernatant was also determined.Results① The contents of TNF-α (ng/L: 605.09±57.13 vs. 34.07±8.62), IL-1β (ng/L: 377.09±28.55 vs. 32.33±10.62) and IL-6 (ng/L: 558.04±77.45 vs. 42.62±11.21) in the LPS group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (allP< 0.05). These results indicated that the inflammatory model of rat alveolar macrophages was constructed successfully.② ACh with the final concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1μmol/L had less influence on the production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the culture supernatants of alveolar macrophages stimulated with LPS compared with LPS group (allP> 0.05). Nevertheless, 10μmol/L and 100μmol/L ACh notably reduced the production of TNF-α (ng/L: 451.19±30.67, 332.19±32.19 vs. 604.96±22.56), IL-1β(ng/L: 261.08±24.78, 143.98±28.39 vs. 367.06±10.44) and IL-6 (ng/L: 342.75±54.60, 235.48±29.75 vs. 562.69±63.34) in the culture supernatants compared with the LPS group (allP< 0.05).③ The activity of AChE in the LPS group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group (kU/L: 5.21±0.63 vs. 3.09±0.10,P< 0.05). The activity of AChE was successfully inhibited by 1 mmol/L acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Phy pretreatment compared with that in the LPS group (1.51±0.12 vs. 5.21±0.63,P< 0.05).④ The level of TNF-α (ng/L: 183.17±35.44 vs. 451.19±30.67), IL-1β (ng/L: 91.49±12.27 vs. 261.08±24.78) and IL-6 (ng/L: 108.17±22.82 vs. 342.75±54.60) in the culture supernatants of LPS+ ACh+ Phy group was significantly decreased as compared with LPS+ ACh group (allP< 0.05).Conclusions ACh with the final concentrations of 10μmol/L and 100μmol/L can inhibit the LPS induced inflammatory reaction in alveolar macrophages. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Phy can reinforce the ACh-mediated anti-inflammatory effect on alveolar macrophages inflammatory model.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of transfected microRNA-146a (miR-146a) on mice with sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in vivo.Methods Twenty-four healthy male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into sham group, sepsis group, transfection group and transfection control group, eachn = 6. Mice in transfection group were given miR-146a agomir loaded by in vivo-jetPEITM via airway before reproduction of model, and mice in transfection control group were given negative control loaded by in vivo-jetPEITM only via airway. The septic model was reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) 12 hours after transfection , and the mice in the sham group underwent laparotomy and closure only without ligation and puncture of the cecum. The mice of each group were sacrificed at 24 hours post-operation. The expression of miR-146a in lung tissue was determined by real time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the quantity of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The wet/dry ratio of lung (W/D) was determined. The pathohistological changes in the lung were observed and scored. Results The expression of miR-146a showed a significant increase in sepsis group, transfection group and transfection control group, which were (3.56±0.43), (27.64±3.46) and (3.72±0.54) folds of that in sham group, respectively (P< 0.05 orP< 0.01). The miR-146a expression in transfection group was significantly increased compared with sepsis group and transfection control group (bothP< 0.01), but no statistical difference in the expression was found between sepsis group and transfection control group (P> 0.05). Compared with the sham group, higher level of TNF-αin the BALF was found in the sepsis group, transfection group and transfection control group (ng/L: 511.65±43.47, 305.74±34.76, 492.27±42.21 vs. 50.72±7.23, allP< 0.01). The level of TNF-α in transfection group was significantly lower than that in sepsis group and transfection control group (bothP< 0.01). Compared with the sham group, the W/D ratio of lung in sepsis group, transfection group and transfection control group showed a significant increase (6.11±0.32, 5.02±0.29, 6.05±0.43 vs. 4.18±0.10, allP< 0.01). The W/D ratio of lung in transfection group was significantly lower than that of sepsis group and transfection control group (bothP< 0.01). The lung injury score of transfection group was significantly lower than that of sepsis group and transfection control group (6.12±0.75 vs. 10.53±1.52, 9.73±1.08, bothP< 0.01).Conclusions miR-146a agomir loaded by in vivo-jetPEITM instillation into airway was able to increase the expression of miR-146a in the lung tissue of septic mice. Up-regulation of miR-146a inhibit the release of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α stimulated by sepsis, and alleviate inflammatory reaction and lung tissue injury in mice with sepsis-induced ALI.

A stimulate method for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers ( PBDEs) and derivatives (OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in egg samples was developed by gel permeation chromatography ( GPC) and dispersive solid phase extraction ( DSPE) combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric ( HPLC-MS/MS) and gas chroma-tography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry ( GC-NCI/MS ) . The analytes were extracted with mixture of hexane and dichloromethane (1∶1, V/V) by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), and purified by 100 mg C18 dispersive solid phase extraction ( SPE) sorbents followed with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) , and then analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NCI/MS), respectively. The quantita-tion was carried out external standard method. The recoveries of objects were 64. 5%-97. 2% and 65. 6%-109 . 2% ( except BDE85 was 54 . 8%, OH-BDE-137 was 47 . 4%) spiked at 1 . 0 μg/kg or 5 . 0 μg/kg in egg white and egg yolk, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 20. 2%. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) for the object were 0. 01-0. 2 μg/kg.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Kuntai Capsule (KTC), a Chinese herbal preparation, on the quality of life (QOL), breast distending pain and vaginal bleeding in women at early stage of menopause.

METHODSA total of 104 women at early stage of menopause, 54 had their uterus existed (Ue) and 50 in-existed (Ui), were enrolled, and they were randomized to the KTC group and the control group, with equal cases of Ue and Ui in each. The KTC group was treated with KTC 4 capsules twice a day; the control group treated with premarin 0.45 mg per day and for those of Ue 2 mg medroxyprogesterone additionally, with the remedies medicated orally for 1 year. All the testees were asked to record everyday their own condition of breast pain and vaginal bleeding and followed-up every 3 months to fulfill the Menopause Specific Quality of Life questionnaire. Ultrasonic examination on pelvis and breast as well as endocrine hormone assays of estradiol (E2) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were performed before and after the medication term.

RESULTSEffects of treatment in the two groups were different insignificantly in terms of QOL. The women were benefited in vasomotor and physical domains from the 3rd month of medication, and the psychosocial domain was also improved (for Ui initiating from the 3rd month and for Ue from the 6th month). In the domain of sexual life, KTC showed its favorable effect only on Ue beginning from the 9th month, but not on Ui; while all subjects in the control group had their sexual life improved from the 3rd month. In domain of breast pain, the occurrence at various time points between the two groups was insignificantly different, only that the severity in Ue of the control group was more significant from the 1st to 3rd month than that in the KTC group. As for the domain of vaginal bleeding, the uterine membrane was basically normal in both groups either before or after medication, but the incidence and lasting days from the 1st to 3rd month in Ue of the KTC group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Levels of E2 and FSH were not significantly changed after medication in the KTC group, while in the control group, E2 significantly increased and FSH significantly decreased in the women of Ue (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONKTC could evidently improve the QOL of women at the early stage of menopause, and is of high safety, with less adverse reaction of breast pain and vaginal bleeding, and shows few impact on sexual hormones.

Adult ; Breast ; pathology ; physiology ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Humans ; Menopause ; drug effects ; psychology ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Quality of Life ; Vaginal Diseases ; drug therapy ; pathology ; psychology