Objective To analyze the characteristics of the dynamic changes of the radiological X-ray images in chest after applying a pulmonary surfactant(PS) named curosurf to hyaline membrane disease in grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ of the premature lungs,and to study the clinical values of the follow-ups with chest films after applying PS to evaluate its effects and to detect the complications in chest. Methods To review the definite cases of HMD in grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ with final clinical and radiological diagnosis so as to analyze the radiological image manifestations in ehest after applying PS to the premature lungs for half an hour, for 6 hours,for 24 hours, for 48 hours and for 5 days. Results Shortly after the application of PS,according to the chest films,just half an hour later, 15 cases improved their degrees of the transmittance of the two lungs; 16 cases progressively ameliorated their manifestations in chest, taking the turn for the better than the previous images; 5 cases had no improvement, among which 1 developed a complication of pulmonary hemorrhage,and 3 developed pulmonary air leakage; 3 eases accompanied with pulmonary inflammation-like lesions; 11 cases presented patent arterial duets(PDA). Generally speaking, the X-ray image manifestation was the same as the clinical symptoms. Conclusion A dynamic observation of the X-ray films in chest after the application of PS is able to make a correct iudgement of the lesions of HMD in grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ,and can promptly detect its complications if taking a short-term review.

Objective To investigate the use of component N400 of the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by Chinese idioms ending with matching and nonmatching words to explore the cognitive patterns and processing mechanisms elicited by Chinese characters. Methods Sixty-two right-handed healthy adults (age 19-50 years) , were presented with Chinese idioms ending with words with the same pronunciation but different form and meaning, words with similar forms but different pronunciation and meaning, words with same meaning but different pronunciation and form, and words with different pronunciation, form and meaning. A Guangzhou Runjie WJ-1 instrument was used to record component N400 of the potentials evoked. Results N400 showed a midline distribution , and could be detected under electrodes Fz, Cz and Pz. Significant differences were found in N400 latencies and amplitudes between matching and nonmatching ending-words. Compared with idioms with matching ending-words, N400 latencies were prolonged and amplitudes increased in nonmatching cases. The observed changes in N400 latencies and amplitudes were related to stimulus types, and the longest latency and largest amplitude were e-licited by ending-words with different pronunciation, form and meaning. No gender difference in N400 latency or amplitude was observed. Conclusions Compared with Western phonetic words, Chinese ideographic words are more flexible stimuli for N400 research, offering 3 dimensions for change: pronunciation, form and meaning. The N400 features elicited by matching and nonmatching ending words in Chinese idioms are mainly determined by the meaning of the word.

Objective To explore the features and neural generators of the events related potentials ( ERP) component N400, elicited by congruent and incongruent ending sentences, in first episode schizophrenia patients. Methods N400 was elicited by 76 congruent (31) or incongruent (45) ending Chinese sentences paradigm, and recorded by WJ-1 ERP instruments in 56 first episode schizophrenia. The neural generators of N400 different wave in 105 -615 ms time windows were analyzed by Brain Electrical Activity Mapping software. Results① The N400 latencies were significantly longer and amplitudes significantly higher in incongruent conditions than in congruent conditions in first episode schizophrenia (P < 0.05 or P <0.01).② N400 elicited by Chinese sentences distributed on frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal regions, and had a clear waveform. ③ The main brain areas activated by N400 were frontal areas in 345 -405 ms time windows, and central areas in 420 - 570 ms time windows. Conclusion N400 elicited by Chinese sentences are multi-generated in first episode schizophrenia, especially in frontal area.