Objective To investigate the expression of survivin in keloid, and its significance in the development of keloid. Methods Tissue samples were obtained from 25 patients with keloid (12 males and 13 females, aging from 4 to 44 years with a disease course of 1-18 years), and 15 normal skin samples obtained from surgical operation served as the controls. Streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (SABC) method was applied to detect the expression of survivin in these samples. Results No expressin of survivin was observed in normal controls, while it was expressed in 80.0% (20/25) of the keloid samples with the predominant distribution in fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. The positivity rates of survivin were 57.14% (4/7), 81.81% (9/11) and 100% (7/7) in tissues of low-grade, moderate-grade and high-grade keloid, respectively, with no significant difference among the three groups (P = 0.133 ). Similarly, no signifi- cant difference was observed in the positivity rate of survivin between recurrent patients and untreated patients (90.91% (10/11 ) vs 71.43% (10/14), P = 0.341 ). Conclusion Survivin might play a role in the development of keloid.

Objective To investigate the correlation of PICC tip position and weight gaining in very low birth weight infants.Methods We performed a retrospective study using chest X-ray films of very low birth weight infants in NICU who had PICCs inserted in a tertiary hospital.We recorded the tip positions on plain radiographs and calculated the position change,and calculated weight gaining ratio.Spearman regression model was used to analyze the relationship between tip position migration and weight gaining ratio.Results A total of 57 cases of very low birth weight infants were included,containing 246 X-ray films.On the first day of taking X-ray,weight was 0.6-1.46 (1.06±0.25) kg,the median and interquartile spacing are 5(3,7)d.The last time of taking X-ray was(24.0±9.1) dafter PICC placement;weight gaining ratio was 11.8％～114.8％,the median and interquartile spacing are 41.5％ (27.1％,65.3％).All PICCs tip position changed,75％ of which migrated more than 2 vertebrae,50％ of which migrated 3 vertebrae,and the median and interquartile spacing are 3 (1.8,3.5) vertebrae.The distances of tip migration were correlated with weight gaining ratio.With an approximate 2,3 and 4 vertebrae of PICC tip migration,the corresponding weight gaining ratio was about 40％,70％ and 100％.The correlation coefficient between PICC tip position migration and weight gaining ratio was-0.7(P＜0.01),but there was difference in different insertion sites.Conclusion PICC tip position is greatly influenced by weight gaining among very low birth weight infants.By considering the initial placement position,the crucial moment to assess catheter location is at 40％ and 70％ weight gaining ratio.After 100％ weight gaining,PICCs should be removed or replaced.PICCs can easily be affected by bone growth and limb movement,require higher frequency of catheter localization.

BACKGROUND:Endogenous neurogenesis and exogenous stem cell transplantation in the brain show great therapeutic potential for neurological diseases including ischemic stroke,repairing and replacing lost neurons,promoting synaptic remodeling,and inhibiting apoptosis.Traditional Chinese medicine and compound therapy for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation for the treatment of neurological dysfunction after ischemia have certain advantages,targeting nerve repair through a variety of ways,including promoting endogenous neurogenesis and exogenous stem cell survival,proliferation,homing,and inducing neuronal differentiation. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine and compound for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation to promote nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke,in order to provide a reference for the research and treatment of new drugs in ischemic stroke. METHODS:The articles from CNKI and PubMed databases about traditional Chinese medicine and compound for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation in promotion of nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke from 2010 to 2022 were searched,with"supplementing qi and activating blood circulation;inducing resuscitation;traditional Chinese medicine(TCM);compounds;ischemic stroke;nerve repair;stem cells"as Chinese and English search terms.After excluding old and duplicate views,the retrieved literature was analyzed and collated,and a total of 124 articles were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The definition of stem cells,ischemic stroke and the nerve repair pathway in the acute phase of ischemic stroke were sorted out.(2)The mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine and compound for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation to promote nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke was summarized,mainly including promoting stem cell proliferation,improving stem cell viability and survival rate,promoting nerve cell homing,inducing stem cell differentiation to neurons,inhibiting apoptosis of nerve cells,promoting axon regeneration,regulating angiogenesis and remodeling,improving the level of neurotrophic factors and repairing the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.(3)Through the existing research,the relevant factors and signaling pathways of traditional Chinese medicines and compounds for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation to promote nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke were summarized,such as Nestin protein expression,DCX protein expression,brain-derived neurotrophic factor,vascular endothelial growth factor and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,Notch signaling pathway,PI3k/Akt signaling pathway,BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.It provides a relevant reference for future research on ischemic stroke-specific drugs and new clinical treatment methods.

BACKGROUND:The aging of mesenchymal stem cells is one of the main causes of aging-related diseases,and seriously affects its clinical application.Traditional Chinese medicine has a good anti-aging effect,and it can inhibit the aging of mesenchymal stem cells to promote its application in tissue engineering and prevent and treat aging-related diseases. OBJECTIVE:To review the effect and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine on inhibiting the aging of mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:We searched CNKI and PubMed for the literature on inhibiting mesenchymal stem cell aging with traditional Chinese medicine from 2012 to 2022.The keywords were"traditional Chinese medicine,mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),aging"in Chinese and English,respectively.Finally,92 articles were included for further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)We summarized five main mechanisms of the aging of mesenchymal stem cells:DNA damage,telomere shortening,oxidative stress,autophagy disorder and mitochondrial dysfunction.(2)This paper reviewed the phenotypic characteristics of senescent mesenchymal stem cells,including increases in cell volume,decreases in proliferation and multi-directional differentiation,increases in β-galactosidase activity,and activation of p21 and p16 pathways,and so on.(3)We summarized the main mechanisms of Chinese medicine inhibiting the senescence of mesenchymal stem cells at present,including inhibiting the activation of the Wnt pathway,inhibiting the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species,promoting the silencing of information regulator factor 2 homolog 1,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B,adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 pathway activation,and promoting the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase.(4)At present,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are the most widely studied in the research of traditional Chinese medicine to inhibit the aging of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,and the effect is better.(5)Zuogui Wan,Bushen Tiaogan Formula,resveratrol,Astragalus membranaceus and other traditional Chinese medicines can prevent and treat osteoporosis by promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of aging mesenchymal stem cells.However,the mechanism of Chinese medicine in improving the paracrine function of mesenchymal stem cells and preventing other aging-related diseases by inhibiting the aging of mesenchymal stem cells needs to be further explored.

BACKGROUND:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease,which often leads to the death of neurons in the brain and spinal cord.The pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is extremely complex,with high refractory rate and mortality rate.There are only two kinds of drugs for its treatment,so it is urgent to develop new treatment methods to improve the prognosis of patients. OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanism of Chinese medicine and mesenchymal stem cells regulating the immune response in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. METHODS:"Traditional Chinese medicine,medical stem cells,ALS,immune response"were Chinese and English search terms.Articles were retrieved from WanFang,CNKI,PubMed,Web of Science and other databases from 2010 to 2023.Finally,69 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The article summarizes in detail the five mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine regulating the immune response in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:mainly including the promotion of expression of closed zone protein-1 and closed protein-5 by traditional Chinese medicine such as borneol and astragaloside IV to rebuild the integrity of the blood central nervous system barrier.Fufangteng Mixture can regulate the receptor molecules on the surface of the natural killer cells to inhibit their autotoxicity.The complement system factors such as Scutellaria barbata and patchouli can inhibit their abnormal activation.Tripterygium wilfordii and Uncaria rhynchophylla inhibit the activation of microglia by mediating the production of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 attenuated inducible nitric oxide synthase.Zuogui Pill and Trichosanthes kirilowii Root promote the expression of interleukin-10 and regulate T cells to improve the immune environment.(2)Through existing research,five mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells regulating the immune response in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been summarized,mainly including reducing the expression of aquaporin 4 and reducing endothelial nitric oxide synthase signal transduction to repair the integrity of the immune barrier;releasing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase,prostaglandin E2 and other factors to resist natural killer cell toxicity;secretion factor H interferes with the activity of invertase and inhibits abnormal activation of the complement system;regulating the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 system axis or secreting transforming growth factors β,which can change the phenotype of microglia and inhibit its activity by other ways;increasing the expression of interleukin-10 or activating the STATS phosphorylation pathway to restore T cell function.(3)At present,there are few studies on the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Relevant research reports have shown that Jiweiling Injection can promote stem cell proliferation and differentiation and that Buyang Huanwu decoction combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can significantly improve the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.In the future,further exploration is needed to explore the synergistic treatment effect of both on refractory amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.