Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of ureteroscopic pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy for the treatment of ureteral stones.Methods A total of 185 patients with ureteral stones(accompanying renal colic in 96 patients) were treated with ureteroscopic pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy from February 2004 to March 2005 in this hospital. Results The procedure failed in 12 patients,including conversions to open surgery in 6 patients and to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 3 days later in 6 patients.The single-session success rate was 93.5%(173/185),and was 75.0%(24/32) in the upper segment,95.8%(46/48) in the middle segment,and 98.1%(103/105) in the lower segment.The success rate in patients with renal colic was 100%(96/96).The rate of intraoperative ureteral injury was 2.9%(5/173),with conversions to open surgery required in 3 patients(1.7%).Postoperative renal colic occurred in 1 patient.Follow-up checkups in all the patients for 6~12 months(mean,10.2 months) showed no recurrence. Conclusions Ureteroscopic pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy is safe and effective,being the first choice for patients with middle or lower ureteral stones,especially accompanying renal colic.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP)for high-risk benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Methods Form January 2001 to July 2007,we performed TURP on 303 patients with high-risk BPH.The patients aged form 65 to 89 years with a mean of 76.3.Among them,151 were complicated with cardiovascular diseases,67 had pulmonary diseases,37 had diabetes mellitus,26 had brain disease,16 showed renal inadequacy,and 6 showed abnormal liver function.Results The procedure was completed successfully in all of the 303 cases without death,dysuria,or severe complications.Compared to the examinations carried out before the procedure,the IPSS and QOL scores,and RU decreased significantly,while the Qmax increased 3 months after the prosedure[IPSS:(19.6?7.9)points vs.(6.4?3.3)points,t=26.838,P=0.000;QOL:(4.7?1.5)points vs.(2.3?1.1)points,t=22.459,P=0.000;Qmax:(4.1?2.6)ml/s vs.(13.9?7.1)ml/s,t=-22.561,P=0.000;and RU:(139.0?32.5)ml vs(13.5?8.6)ml,t=55.143,P=0.000].ConclusionsTURP is a safet and effective procedure for high-risk BPH with a low rate of postoperative complications.Proper peri-operative individual management and operation skills are important for the success of the procedure.

Objective To investigate mortality risk factors in patients with severe cardiorenal syndrome treated with continuous hemofiltration therapy. So we can optimally select patients who may benefit more from this therapy. Methods The clinical data of 68 severe cardiorenal syndrome patients admitted to the ICU of Beijing Shijitan Hospital from May 2012 to May 2015 were retrospectievly analyzed and evaluated. These patients were divided into two groups based on survival or death during hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent risk factors for death of patients with severe cardiorenal syndrome during ICU stay. Results There were 36 cases in the death group and 32 cases in the survival group. In the death group, the age,mechanical ventilation rates, vasoactive drug application rates, leukocytes, neutrophils, C-reactive protein,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular end-systolic diameter were significantly higher than those in the survival group,while hemoglobin, serum creatinine, left ventricular ejection fraction, average single amount of dehydration in continuous hemofiltration process were significantly lower than those in the survival group. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, vasoactive drug application rates, APACHEⅡscore and leukocytes were independent risk factors of mortality. Conclusions Cardiac function, mechanical ventilation therapy, average single amount of dehydration in continuous hemofiltration, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein were closely related to the prognosis of severe cardiorenal syndrome patients. The patient′s age,infection, vasoactive drug application, APACHEⅡ score were important risk factors of mortality during hospitalization.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of Esmolo on the hemodynamic and tissue oxygenation of the patients with septic shock and tachycardia.MethodsSeventy four septic shock patients with tachycardia were enrolled and randomized into Esmolo-treated group and control group after early goal-directed therapy (EGDT).The patients in Esmolo group were given intravenous Esmlol to decrease the heart rate to below 110 beats per minute.Hemodynamic data and tissue oxygenation parameters,such as Heart rate (HR),Mean Artery Pressure ( MAP),Central Venous Pressure ( CVP),Cardiae Index ( CI),Stroke Volume Index ( SVI),Systemic Vascular Resistance Index (SVRI),Lactate,Centrol Venous Oxygen Saturation (SCVO2 ) were recorded before and 2,3,4 hours after the Esmolol treatment.Results Heart rate of Esmolol group was reduced at all time points after treatment,The difference of that from the control group was significant ( H R: [ 108 ± 16 ] beats/min vs.[ 132 ± 18 ] beats/min,[ 101 ± 14] beats/min vs.[ 135 ± 19 ] beats/min,[ 106 ± 21 ] beats/rin vs.[ 129 ± 14]beats/min,all P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared to the control group,Stroke Volume Index of Esmolol group was significantly increased at each time point ( SVI: [32 ± 12] ml/m2 vs.[22 ±8] ml/m2,[34 ± 14] ml/m2 vs.[21 ±6] ml/m2,[37 ± 10] ml/m2vs.[23 ±9] ml/m2,all P ＜0.05).Lactate of Esmolol group was significantly decreased at the end of the 3rd,4th hour of Esmolol treatment ( lactate: [ 1.6 ± 1.1 ] mmol/L vs.[ 2.7 ± 1.2 ]mmol/L,[ 1.3 ± 0.9 ] mmol/Lvs.[ 2.8 ± 1.4 ] mmol/L,both P ＜ 0.01.There were no significant differences in MAP,CI,SVRI,SCVO2 between the two groups at each time point ( all P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Esmolol can reduce heart rate significantly,improve cardiac work and tissue perfusion in septic shock patients with tachycardia.It is a feasible and safe treatment for this kind of patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of volatile oil from artemisia dracunculus on myocardial injury caused by viral myocarditis in mice and explore its possible mechanism.Methods Totally 160 adult male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group (10) and viral myocarditis group (150).Viral myocarditis mice models were reproduced by intraperitoneal inoculation with a solution of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3),a viral strain with affinity to myocardium,and then randomly divided into model,astragalus group,and low-,medium-,and high-dose volatile oil from artemisia dracunculus groups.After 1 hour of viral infection,normal control group and model group mice were given normal saline by intragastric administration,astragalus group mice were injected with astragalus 0.1 mL in each mouse by intraperitoneal injection,and the mice in other three groups were given low,medium and high dose (2％,5％,10％) 0.3 mL volatile oil from artemisia dracunculus in each mouse by intragastric administration,respectively,once a day for one week consecutively.The mortality,heart/body weight ratio,the activity of natural killer cells (NK cell),virus titer in myocardial homogenate,serum cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI) level and myocardial pathological changes were observed.Results ① Mortality:the mortality of model group was higher than that of the normal control group,astragalus group,low and medium dose volatile oil from artemisia dracunculus groups (60.0％ vs.0％,23.3％,20.0％,28.7％),and the difference in the mortality being of no statistical significance between model group and that of high-dose volatile oil from artemisia dracunculus group (60.0％ vs.47.6％,P ＞ 0.05);the mortality of astragalus group was obviously lower than that of high-dose volatile oil from artemisia dracunculus group (P ＜ 0.01),and the differences in comparisons between the mortalities of astragalus intervention group,and medium-and low-dose volatile oil groups were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05),and the comparison of mortality between low-and medium-dose volatile oil groups were also not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).② Immunization parameters:on the 8th day after modeling,the activity of NK cells in the model group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group [(15.91 ± 3.87)％ vs.(38.50 ± 2.32)％],the activities of NK cells in astragalus group,medium-and low-dose volatile oil from artemisia dracunculus groups were significantly higher than that in model group [(19.38 ± 3.27)％,(18.54 ± 3.09)％,(18.36 ± 2.64)％ vs.(15.91 ± 3.87)％,all P ＜ 0.05].None of virus was detected in the myocardial homogenate in the normal control group,and the virus titers in astragalus group,low and medium dose volatile oil from artemisia dracunculus groups were significantly lower than the titer of the model group (10-9/mL:1.96 ± 0.44,1.95 ± 0.46,1.95 ± 0.48 vs.2.41 ± 0.51,all P ＜0.01).③ Myocardial injury parameters:the level of cTnI in the normal control group was less than 0.1 μg/L,obviously lower than that in the model group [(15.84 ± 3.89) μg/L],as well as the ratio of heart/body weight in model group was also significantly higher than that in normal control group (× 10-4:8.3 ± 1.3 vs.4.6 ± 0.1),and the cTnI and the ratio of heart/body weight of astragalus intervention group,low and medium dose volatile oil from artemisia dracunculus groups were markedly lower than those of model group [cTnI (mg/L):10.03 ± 2.35,10.81 ± 2.56,11.10 ± 1.89 vs.15.84 ± 3.89,ratio of heart/body weight (× 10-4):7.2 ± 0.8,7.3 ± 1.0,7.3 ± 0.6 vs.8.3 ± 1.3].In the normal control group,there were no inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis in myocardial tissue,the scores of myocardial pathological changes were 0.In the model group,the scores of inflammatory cell infiltration (3.25 ± 0.45) and of necrosis (2.91 ± 0.51) were markedly higher than those in the normal control group.And the above scores in astragalus group,low and medium dose volatile oil from artemisia dracunculus groups were significantly lower than those of the model group (infiltration score:2.92 ± 0.39,2.95 ± 0.35,2.95 ± 0.37 vs.3.25 ± 0.45,necrosis score:2.46 ± 0.50,2.50 ± 0.51,2.54 ± 0.50 vs.2.91 ± 0.51,all P ＜0.05).Conclusions Volatile oil from artemisia dracunculus can protect cardiomyocytes by removing the virus and regulating the immune function in the body.But the protective effects of volatile oil from artemisia dracunculus is related to the dosage,and the effects of low and medium dose are better.

Purpose:To improve the understanding of obstructive anuria of upper urinary tract(OAUUT) and upgrade the diagnosis and treatment level.Methods:Causes and treatments of 45 cases OAUUT were reviewed.Results:34 cases obtained normal renal function and 9 cases with azotemia after three months of operation.Conclusions:The main risk factors of OAUUT is urolithiasis (Stone disease) accounting for 77.8%. Ureter catheterization,double-J tube insertion under cystoscope and operation should be the main measures to relieve obstruction.

Purpose:To further improve the therapeutic results of ESWL and to reduce the complications of ESWL. Methods: Clinical materials of 5 140 cases of patients with urinary calculi underwent ESWL from 1989 to 1999 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Ignorance of the routine examination in urine, blood, hepatic func tion and specialization etc, the serious complications may be produced by ESWL. Low energy and emergency ESWL have obtained satisfactory results. Conclusions:Every routine examination is essential to secure the patient to get satisfactory therapeutic result from ESWL and prevent the complication from occurring. Complete dis charge rate of stones was affected by the tissue structure and type of the renal pelvis and calyces, beside the site of stones.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the potential correlations between parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and clinical stages of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

METHODSEighty-one newly diagnosed NPC patients received MRI examination. Clinical TNM stages and corresponding overall stages based on Chinese 2008 Staging System were determined. Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained to evaluate the potential correlations between DCE-MRI parameters of primary NPC lesions and clinical stages.

RESULTSSix cases were excluded from the study due to poor quality of images or too small tumor samples. The Ktrans,Kep, Ve, fPV, PeakT, Maxslop, CER, WoutSI, AUC90 and AUC180 values of 75 primary NPC tumors were (0.336 ± 0.133) min⁻¹, (1.419 ± 0.441) min⁻¹, 0.256 ± 0.100, 0.018 ± .010, (64.879 ± 15.975)s, (21.181 ± 5.507)s⁻¹, 1.348 ± 0.998, 0.515 ± 0.383, 16.177 ± 5.141 and 28.891 ± 9.511, respectively. Ktrans showed a positive correlation with overall stage (r=0.240, P=0.038), T stage (r=0.257, P=0.026) and M stage (r=0.438, P<0.001). A significant positive correlation was revealed of Ve with overall stage (r=0.418, P<0.001), T stage (r=0.466, P<0.001) and M stage (r=0.269, P=0.020). Negative correlation was found between Kep and T stage (r=-0.288, P=0.012). PeakT had positive correlation with overall stage (r=0.231, P=0.046) and T stage (r=0.318, P=0.005). AUC90 was revealed to have a positive correlation with overall stage (r=0.362, P=0.001), T stage (r=0.380, P=0.001) and M stage (r=0.446, P<0.001). AUC180 showed a positive correlation with overall stage (r=0.380, P=0.001), T stage (r=0.405, P<0.001) and M stage (r=0.423, P<0.001). No significant correlations for N stage with any DCE-MRI parameter were found. NPC in M1 stage had higher Ktrans, Ve, AUC90 and AUC180 values than NPC in M0 stage. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in Ktrans, Ve, PeakT, AUC90 and AUC180 values among different overall stages. Significant (P<0.01) differences in Ve, PeakT, AUC90 and AUC180 values were observed among different T stages.

CONCLUSIONSDCE-MRI parameters of primary NPC lesions have significant correlations with clinical stages. DCE-MRI parameters may act as imaging biomarkers for non-invasive assessment of the tumor microstructure, disease progression and aggressiveness of NPC.

Objective To evaluate the potential correlations between parameters of dynamic contrast?enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ( DCE?MRI) and clinical stages of nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC) . Methods Eighty?one newly diagnosed NPC patients received MRI examination. Clinical TNM stages and corresponding overall stages based on Chinese 2008 Staging System were determined. Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained to evaluate the potential correlations between DCE?MRI parameters of primary NPC lesions and clinical stages. Results Six cases were excluded from the study due to poor quality of images or too small tumor samples. The Ktrans,Kep, Ve, fPV, PeakT, Maxslop, CER, WoutSI, AUC90 and AUC180 values of 75 primary NPC tumors were (0.336±0.133)min-1,(1.419±0.441)min-1, 0.256 ± 0.100, 0.018±0.010,(64.879±15.975)s,(21.181±5.507)s-1, 1.348±0.998, 0.515±0.383,16.177±5.141 and 28.891 ± 9.511, respectively. Ktrans showed a positive correlation with overall stage ( r=0. 240, P=0.038), T stage(r=0.257, P=0.026)and M stage(r=0.438,P<0.001). A significant positive correlation was revealed of Ve with overall stage( r=0.418,P<0.001) , T stage( r=0.466, P<0.001) and M stage ( r=0.269, P=0.020) . Negative correlation was found between Kep and T stage( r=-0.288,P=0.012) . PeakT had positive correlation with overall stage(r=0.231,P=0.046) and T stage(r=0.318,P=0.005). AUC90 was revealed to have a positive correlation with overall stage(r=0.362,P=0.001),T stage(r=0.380,P=0.001) and M stage(r=0.446,P<0.001). AUC180 showed a positive correlation with overall stage(r=0.380,P=0. 001 ) , T stage ( r= 0. 405, P<0. 001 ) and M stage ( r= 0. 423, P<0. 001 ) . No significant correlations for N stage with any DCE?MRI parameter were found. NPC in M1 stage had higher Ktrans,Ve, AUC90 and AUC180 values than NPC in M0 stage.There were significant (P<0.05) differences in Ktrans, Ve, PeakT, AUC90 and AUC180 values among different overall stages. Significant ( P<0.01) differences in Ve, PeakT, AUC90 and AUC180 values were observed among different T stages. Conclusions DCE?MRI parameters of primary NPC lesions have significant correlations with clinical stages. DCE?MRI parameters may act as imaging biomarkers for non?invasive assessment of the tumor microstructure, disease progression and aggressiveness of NPC.

To establish septic myocardial inhibition rat model by echocardiography. Methods Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control group and model group according to the random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. The rat model of septic myocardial inhibition was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide, while the control group was given the same volume of saline. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVDs), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVDd), right ventricular end-systolic diameter (RVDs), heart rate (HR), positive pulmonary artery flow rate and aortic flow rate were measured at 8 hours after model establishment by echocardiography. Then the rats were sacrificed to harvest serum and myocardial tissue. The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin-1 (IL-1), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-1 and NF-κB in myocardium were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). The pathological changes of myocardium were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining under light microscope. Results Compared with control group, myocardial inhibition was obviously observed in model group, manifesting as enlargement of overall shape of heart, and prominent increase of HR (bpm: 449.0±21.1 vs. 356.7±23.3, P < 0.01); left ventricular and right ventricular functions were affected, LVDd, LVDs, LVEDV, LVESV were enlarged [LVDd (mm):10.03±0.95 vs. 7.04±0.71, LVDs (mm): 5.95±0.71 vs. 3.07±0.05, LVEDV (mL): 2.11±0.53 vs. 0.81±0.21, LVESV (mL): 0.51±0.16 vs. 0.07±0.01, all P < 0.05], LVEF was significantly decreased (0.760±0.046 vs. 0.901±0.025, P < 0.01), RVDd was significantly increased (mm: 4.48±0.58 vs. 3.22±0.20, P < 0.05), and positive pulmonary artery velocity was significantly decreased (cm/s: 64.2±9.3 vs. 89.0±0.8, P < 0.05). Compared with control group, the levels of serum NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1, BNP and cTnI in model group were significantly increased [NF-κB (ng/L):103.84±6.55 vs. 57.29±41.34, TNF-α (ng/L): 1 198.32±164.07 vs. 835.45±24.01, IL-1 (ng/L): 1 089.90±221.96 vs. 746.19±165.83, BNP (ng/L): 1 097.36±293.84 vs. 454.71±197.79, cTnI (ng/L): 6 938.59±1 400.21 vs. 3 731.90±1 349.31, all P < 0.01], the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, NF-κB and IL-1 in myocardial tissue were significantly increased (2-ΔΔCT: 1.50±0.42 vs. 0.71±0.40, 1.10±0.17 vs. 0.63±0.06, 1.77±0.67 vs. 0.10±0.03, all P < 0.05). It was shown by HE staining that the structure of myocardial tissue in control group was distinct, the arrangement of myocardial fibers was neat, and transverse was clear; the structure of myocardial tissue in model group was loose, blurred, and the cells were swollen, with obvious pathological changes. Conclusions Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, expression of inflammatory factors, myocardial markers and pathological changes. It was verified that intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg endotoxin could successfully prepare a rat model of septic myocardial inhibition.