Objective To investigate the relation between the human leucocytes antigen-DQA1(HLA-DQA1) alleles poly-morphism and the Uygur Han nationality hepatitis B patients in Xinjiang and the genetic susceptibility healthy controls ,which is provide some important clues to seek the susceptible genes and disease-resistant genes of HBV infection for Uygur and Han nation-ality hepatitis B patients .Methods HLA-DQAl alleles of 182 cases of the Hepatitis B patients and 163 people were compared with HBV DNA and ALT level .HLA-DQA1 * 0102 ,-DQA1 * 0104 ,-DQA1 * 0201 ,-DQA1 * 0301 ,-DQA1 * 0302 ,-DQA1 * 0501 genes frequency are detected with PCR-SSP .Results Compared the Uygur hepatitis B patients ALT abnormal and HBV DNA high copy quantity group with healthy controls group in allele′s frequency analysis found that HLA-DQA1 * 0301 ,-DQA1 * 0501 genes had statistic significance(P< 0 .05) .Compared the Han nationality hepatitis B patients ALT abnormal and HBV DNA high copy quanti-ty group with healthy controls group in allele′s frequency analysis ,It was found that HLA-DQA1 * 0102 ,-DQA1 * 0201 ,-DQA1 *0301 genes difference had statistic significance(P < 0 .05) .HLA-DQA1 * 0102 had the statistic significance between high and low copy quantity groups(P< 0 .05) .Compared the Han nationality hepatitis B patients ALT normal and low copy quantity group with healthy controls group in allele′s frequency analysis ,It was found that HLA-DQA1 * 0201 genes had statistic significance(P <0 .05) .HLA-DQA1 * 0102 ,-DQA1 * 0301 had statistic significance between the Han and Uygur nationality for HBV patients(P<0 .05) ;HLA-DQA1 * 0201 ,-DQA1 * 0501 had statistic significance between the Han and Uygur nationality for healthy people(P<0 .05) .Conclusion HLA-DQA1 * 0501 is the protected gene of Uygur hepatitis B patients ;-DQA1 * 0301 is the susceptibility gene .The Han nationality hepatitis B patients group HLA-DQA1 * 0102 ,-DQA1 * 0301 ,-DQA1 * 0302 is the susceptibility genes and -DQA1 * 0201 is the Antagonism gene .

Objective To determine the value of ischemia modified albumin,heart-type fatty acid-binding protein,B-type natri-uretic peptide and homocysteine in the risk stratification of patients with unstable angina pectoris;thus to provide an assessment for the condition of patients in clinic.Methods 135 patients with unstable angina were included in the disease group and subjected to risk stratification according to GRACE risk score software,70 cases of low-risk group,60 cases in the middle-risk group and 5 cases in the high-risk group.Another 145 healthy people were in the control group.The levels of ischemia modified albumin,heart-type fatty acid-binding protein,B-type natriuretic peptide and homocysteine were detected and compared.Results Between the control group and the disease group,significant difference of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein,B-type natriuretic peptide and homocys-teine was found (P <0.05),but the difference of ischemia modified albumin was not statistically significant(P >0.05).In the dis-ease group,the levels of ischemia modified albumin,heart-type fatty acid-binding protein and homocysteine in each risk stratification showed no significant difference(P >0.05).The level of B-type natriuretic peptide in high-risk group was higher than that in the low-risk group and in the middle-risk group and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05),while there was no statisti-cally significant difference between the low-risk group and the middle-risk group(P >0.05 ).Conclusion The detection of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein,B-type natriuretic peptide and homocysteine possesses certain meaning in diagnosing unstable angi-na,and the level of B-type natriuretic peptide indicates the risk degree of the disease.

Objective: To study the antitumor effects of transmembrane TNF-? and secretory TNF-? in vivo. Methods: Three types of TNF-? cDNA plasmids (wild type TNF-?; transmembrane TNF-? mutant; secretory TNF-? mutant) were directly injected into tumor-tearing mice. Results: The three types of TNF-? could be expressed by tumor cells and all of them could inhibit evidently the rate of tumor growth. The tumor regression after treatment with transmembrane TNF-? mutant at the early stage was more significant than that with the other two types of TNF-?( P

AIM: To compare the tumorigenecity of H22 cells transfected with TNF-? gene and its mutants (secreted TNF-? mutant, S-TNFm, transmembrane TNF-? mutant, TM-TNFm and wild type of TNF-?, Wt-TNF) in vivo . METHODS: Three kinds of mouse liver cancer cell line H22 expressing TNF-? and its two mutants were mixed with untransfected H22 at different effector/target ratio separately. The growth of tumor was examined after injection of 2.5?10 5 (100 ?L) mixed H22 tumor cells into mice. The lymphocyte infiltration in the site of tumor and the expression of Fas on tumor cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The tumorigenecity of H22 cells transfected with TNF-? gene and its mutants was significantly weakened ( P

Expression of HLA class Ⅱ antigens(HLA-DR, DQ and DP), interleukin2 receptors(IL-2R) and transferrin receptors(TfR) of blood monocytes from 10 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes meIlitus (IDDM) were assayed with the indirect immune fluorescence technique using corresponding monoclonal antibodies and the FITC-labelled second antibody. The results showed that the number of HLA-DQ~+ monocytes was much more in diabetics than in normal controls. The percentages of HLA-DR~+ and HLA-DP~+ monocytes in diabetics were not different significantly from those in normal controls. Besides, IL-2R~+ and TfR~+ monocytes were also found to be very much increased in diabetics as compared with controls. It was possible that increased expression of HLA-DQ antigen, IL-2R and TfR of monocytes in patients with IDDM might play a role in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune reaction.

Objective To explore the clinical features and risk factors of primary gout in Xinjiang area.Methods A total of 364 patients with gout and 546 healthy crowd were divided into two groups.A unified questionnaire was used to investigate and detect relevant biochemical indicators.Related biochemical indexes were examined and analyzed.Logistic regression model was established to analyze the risk factors related to gout.Results The mean age of onset of gout was 42.95±11.93.More than two joints were involved in56.32％ of patients with gout.BMI, SUA, GLU, BUN, CREA, TG, TC, LDL-C of gout group were significantly higher than those of control group (P＜0.01), while HDL-C was significantly lower than that of control group (P＜0.01).The advanced age, high uric acid hematic disease, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, smoking, drinking, family history of gout, BMI, high TG levels, and high creatinine hematic disease, high blood LDL-C may be risk factors for gout occurence (OR=3.767, 103.482, 3.621, 2.934, 3.140, 3.482, 4.198, 1.102, 1.498, 1.102, 1.498), while aerobic exercise regularly (three times or more a week) is the protection factor gout occurs.Conclusion The average age of patients with gout in Xinjiang is lower than the national level.The distribution of the degree of culture of patients with gout in Xinjiang may have no obvious rule, and the population with medium and low degree of culture is the main affected population.More than half of patients with gout are now involved in more than two joints.The most common associated with gout is hypertension.Beer/liquor and high-fat diet are the most common dietary factors for patients with gout in Xinjiang.The advanced age, hyperuricemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, smoking, drinking, hypercreatinine, BMI, high-TG, high LDL-C and family history of gout may all increase the risk of gout, while aerobic regular exercise (more than 3 times per week) may reduce the risk of gout.

Objective To establish a mini-pool nucleic acid testing (NAT) assay using multiplex RT-nested PCR for the detection of HIV RNA, and apply it in screening for acute HIV infection among MSM. Methods Frozen EDTA plasma samples collected between Oct. 2008 and Mar. 2009 from 3 HIV infectors during window-period, a total of 30 HIV chronically infected individuals and 97 healthy subjects were used to develop the NAT assay. Plasma samples from 10 cases were pooled into one tube and centrifuged at high speed for the collection of viruses. HIV RNA was extracted. Two pairs of primers were designed according to two conserved regions of HIV RNA ( HXB2 nt 5783-nt 6228 and nt 1235-nt 2012).Multiplex RT-PCR and nested PCR were performed. Individual NAT-reactive samples were confirmed by commercially available NAT assays. The sensitivity and performance efficacy were also evaluated. The assay was then applied to 1 005 plasma specimens from MSM with negative or uncertain HIV antibody test results.These were collected in the same period as the other samples. Results ( 1 ) Two fragments of HIV were amplified successfully with the low detection limit of 162 copies/ml plasma; (2) Results of the mini-pool HIV NAT validation with samples from 3 HIV infectors during window-period were consistent with the expected values; (3) All 30 plasma samples from MSM with positive HIV antibody, which were tested by multiplex RT nested PCR, were found to be HIV RNA positive; (4) One out of 1 005 plasma samples was found to be HIV RNA positive, for this case acute infection was followed-up and sero-conversion was found. Conclusion Mini-pool NAT has good sensitivity, and may be applied to screening HIV RNA among MSM during window-period.

Drugs, Investigational ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; United States

Objective:To evaluate the cost effectiveness of primary prophylaxis (PP) with pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF), PP with recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and no prophylaxis in women with early-stage breast cancer in China.Methods:Two phase Markov models were constructed for a hypothetical cohort of patients aged 45 with stage Ⅱ breast cancer. The first phase modelled costs and outcomes of 4 cycles docetaxel combined with cyclophosphamide [TC×4, febrile neutropenia (FN) risk>20%] chemotherapy, which assumptions based on literature reviews, including FN rates [base-case (deterministic sensitivity analysis range), 0.29 (0.24-0.35)] and related events [FN case-fatality, 3.4 (2.7-4.1)]. Second phase modelled the long term survival which was link with the relative dose intensity (RDI) [mortality hazard ratio ( HR) of RDI < 85% vs ≥85%, 1.45 (1.00-2.32)]. Clinical effectiveness, therapeutic costs, and economic utilities were estimated from peer-reviewed publications and expert opinions in case of unavailability of published evidences. Results:Compared to rhG-CSF PP and no prophylaxis, the cost of PEG-rhG-CSF PP increased to 5 208.19 RMB and 5 222.73 RMB, respectively. The quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) enhanced to 0.066 and 0.297, respectively. Accordingly, the incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) are 79 146.3 RMB and 17 558.77 RMB per QALY, which were both below the willingness to pay (WTP) threshold of three times GDP per capita (18, 000 RMB) recommended by the WHO. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the more clinically effective the primary prophylaxis with PEG-rhG-CSF is, the more cost-effective primary prophylaxis with PEG-rhG-CSF will be. And the lower the mortality HR of RDI<85% vs ≥85% is, the more cost-effective primary prophylaxis with PEG-rhG-CSF will be. Conclusion:Although the cost of PP PEG-rhG-CSF is higher, considering the additional benefits, the administrating of PP PEG-rhG-CSF is likely to be a cost-effective alternative to PP rhG-CSF and no prophylaxis in patients with early stage breast cancer whose FN risks are more than 20% in China.

Objective:To evaluate the cost effectiveness of primary prophylaxis (PP) with pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF), PP with recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and no prophylaxis in women with early-stage breast cancer in China.Methods:Two phase Markov models were constructed for a hypothetical cohort of patients aged 45 with stage Ⅱ breast cancer. The first phase modelled costs and outcomes of 4 cycles docetaxel combined with cyclophosphamide [TC×4, febrile neutropenia (FN) risk>20%] chemotherapy, which assumptions based on literature reviews, including FN rates [base-case (deterministic sensitivity analysis range), 0.29 (0.24-0.35)] and related events [FN case-fatality, 3.4 (2.7-4.1)]. Second phase modelled the long term survival which was link with the relative dose intensity (RDI) [mortality hazard ratio ( HR) of RDI < 85% vs ≥85%, 1.45 (1.00-2.32)]. Clinical effectiveness, therapeutic costs, and economic utilities were estimated from peer-reviewed publications and expert opinions in case of unavailability of published evidences. Results:Compared to rhG-CSF PP and no prophylaxis, the cost of PEG-rhG-CSF PP increased to 5 208.19 RMB and 5 222.73 RMB, respectively. The quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) enhanced to 0.066 and 0.297, respectively. Accordingly, the incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) are 79 146.3 RMB and 17 558.77 RMB per QALY, which were both below the willingness to pay (WTP) threshold of three times GDP per capita (18, 000 RMB) recommended by the WHO. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the more clinically effective the primary prophylaxis with PEG-rhG-CSF is, the more cost-effective primary prophylaxis with PEG-rhG-CSF will be. And the lower the mortality HR of RDI<85% vs ≥85% is, the more cost-effective primary prophylaxis with PEG-rhG-CSF will be. Conclusion:Although the cost of PP PEG-rhG-CSF is higher, considering the additional benefits, the administrating of PP PEG-rhG-CSF is likely to be a cost-effective alternative to PP rhG-CSF and no prophylaxis in patients with early stage breast cancer whose FN risks are more than 20% in China.