Objective To evaluate the efficacy of neuronavigation-guided selective percutaneous radiofrequency aiming at the target point semilunar ganglion in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.Methods One hundred and forty-seven patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia of both sexes,aged 32-99 yr,with VAS score ≥ 8,were randomly divided into 2 groups:C-arm group (group C,n =72) and neuronavigation group (group N,n =72).Hartel anterior puncture was used and the C-arm guided puncture was performed at the target point foramen ovale in group C.In group N,three-dimensional reconstruction was made after the skull MRI images were transmired to the navigational system of StealthStation,and then the puncture path and point were designed after the target in the trigeminal ganglion was determined.The successful puncture and puncture-and radiofrequency-related complications were also recorded.The VAS scores were recorded at 1 and 7 days and 1,6,12 and 24 months after operation and the analgesic efficacy was evaluated.The therapeutic effect was evaluated by using Barrow Neurological Institute scoring system at 1 and 24 months after operation.Results No puncture-related side effects,damage to the oculomotor nerve or tinnitus developed in group N.The success rate of puncture at first attempt and the effective analgesia rate at different time points after operation were significantly higher,and the treatment effect was better in group N than in group C (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the time for location of the nerve and incidence of facial numbness between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Neuronavigation-guided selective percutaneous radiofrequency aiming at the target point semilunar ganglion in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia provides a better efficacy,and a lower recurrence rate and a higher probability of successful puncture,with fewer complications.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of sevoflurane on the cognitive function in neonatal rats.Methods Twenty-four neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes,aged 7 days,weighing 12-16g,were randomly divided into high concentration sevoflurane group (group Sev1),low concentration sevoflurane group (group Sev2) or control group (group C),with 8 rats in each group.Sev1 and Sev2 groups were exposed to 2％ and 4％ sevoflurane for 6h,respectively,and C group inhaled gas mixture composed of 30％ oxygen.At 2 and 8 weeks after exposure to sevoflurane,cognitive function was assessed using the open field test and Morris water maze test.Results In the open field test,no significant differences were observed among the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).Morris water-maze test showed that the escape latency was significantly prolonged,and the frequency of crossing the original platform and the time spent in the third quadrant were decreased at 2 weeks after exposure to sevoflurane in Sev1 group and at 2 and 8 weeks after exposure to sevoflurane in Sev2 group as compared with group C (P ＜ 0.05).Morris water-maze test showed that the escape latency was significantly prolonged,and the frequency of crossing the original platform and the time spent in the third quadrant were decreased at 2 and 8 weeks after exposure to sevoflurane in Sev2 group compared with Sev1 group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Exposure to 4％ and 2％ sevoflurane for 6h both can induce cognitive decline and the decreasing effect is enhanced with the increasing concentration in the neonatal rats.

Objective To explore the risk factors of esophageal gastric varices in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC ) .Methods From January 2008 to November 2014 ,112 PBC patients underwent gastroscopy examination and among them 24 received liver biopsy .The correlation between esophageal gastric varices and histological stage ,age ,gender ,anti‐centromere antibodies (ACA) ,platelet (PLT ) , albumin (Alb ) , total bilirubin (TBil ) , alkaline phosphatase (ALP ) , γ‐glutamyl‐transferase (GGT ) ,aspartate‐aminotransferase (AST ) ,alanine‐aminotransferase (ALT ) ,prothrombin time (PT ) and Mayo score was analyzed .Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors predicting esophageal gastric varices in PBC patients .Results Among 112 patients with PBC ,varices was found in 62 patients (51 pure esophageal varices ,nine esophageal gastric varices and two pure gastric varices) .Among 24 patients with liver biopsy ,15 had varices (two at early histological stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ , 13 at later histological stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ ) .The ACA positive rate ,PT ,TBil and Mayo score of patients with varices were higher than those of patients without varices ;while Alb ,GGT and PLT were lower than those of patients without varices , and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0 .01) . Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that positive ACA (odds ratio (OR) = 8 .759 ,95%cofidence interval (CI) :1 .308 to 58 .637) ,Mayo score over 4 .52 (OR = 8 .941 ,95% CI :1 .145 to 69 .809) ,PLT count less than 96 .5 × 109 /L (OR = 10 .410 ,95% CI :2 .344 to 46 .224) ,TBil level over 26 .62 μmol/L(OR = 14 .348 ,95% CI :2 .945 to 69 .913) were independent risk factors predicting varices . Conclusion ACA positive ,PLT count less than 96 .5 × 109 /L ,TBil level over 26 .62 μmol/L and Mayo score over 4 .52 can help to predict esophageal gastric varices in patients with PBC .