Objective To analyze the CRE and UREA result of university students,and establish the refer-ence interval for CRE,UREA adapted to this university.Methods Performing serum analysis of 2 926 freshmen for CRE,UREA with the automatic biochemical analyzer ( Olympus AU400 ) .Results Reference intervals were get among freshmen as CRE:74.00-109.00μmol/L (M),59.00-85.00 μmol/L (F),and it was different between male and female(Z =-27.27,P <0.01);UREA:2.70 -6.70mmol/L (male aged 16 -24 years),1.90 -5.70mmol/L (female aged 16-24 years),2.30-6.57mmol/L (male aged >24-45 years),1.94-5.11mmol/L ( female aged 25-45 years) .Conclusion The reference intervals disaggregated by sex and age are initially estab-lished.

Objective To investigate the effects of andrographolide on the expressions of Th1 cytokine [interferon (IFN)-γ] mRNA and Th2 cytokines [interleukin (ID-4, IL-10] mRNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and its anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity. Methods PBMCs from CHB patients were cultured with 10 mg/L andrographolide (experimental group) or 0.1% DMSO (control group). HepG2. 2. 15 cells were stimulated with andrographolide of different concentrations (experimental group) or adefovir (control group). The expressions of IFN-γ mRNA, IL-4 mRNA and IL-10 mRNA of PBMCs and the replication of HBV DNA in HepG2. 2. 15 cell line were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The expression of IFN-γ mRNA in PBMCs cultured with 10 mg/L andrographolide for 16 h was higher than that in control group (Z=-2. 78, P=0. 05), and the expressions of IL-4 and IL-10mRNA in experimental group were lower than control group (Z= -3. 82, P<0. 01), while the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 mRNA was higher than control group (Z= - 3. 82, P<0. 01). Andrographolide with different concentrations had no effect on the replication of HBV DNA in HepG2. 2.15 cells ((=11. 88, P>0.05). However, adefovir had inhibitory effect on the replication of HBV DNA (t =15. 95,P< 0. 05). Conclusion Andrographolide can regulate the expressions of IFN-γ mRNA, IL-4 mRNA and IL-10 mRNA in PBMCs from CHB patients and improve Thl/Th2 balance, while it has no effect on the replication of HBV DNA.

Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of extended therapy with interferon and a nucleoside analogue for treating patients with HBeAg?positive chronic hepatitis B( CHB)?Methods Sixty cases patients diagnosed with CHB in You′an Hospital of Beijing Affiliated to Capital Medical University from March 2012 to May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed?They were divided into group A with 29 cases and group B with 31 cases according to different treatment methods?Group A were treated with pegylated interferonα?2a( Peg?IFNα?2a) combined with adefovir dipivoxil for 96 weeks,group B were treated with Peg?IFN α?2a combined with adefovir and lamivudine for 96 weeks?The patients'recovery rate of ALT,hepatitis B virus( HBV) DNA response rate and HBeAg and HBsAg seroconversion rate and conversion rate of 12,24,48,96 weeks in the treatment were observed?Results There were no significant differences in recovery rate of ALT,hepatitis B virus( HBV) DNA response rate,HBeAg seroconversion rate and HBsAg seroconversion rate between the two groups at differenct time points( P>0?05)?HBeAg seroconversion rates in group A were 34?5% at 48 weeks,62?1% at 96 weeks, and the difference was significant( P=0?036)?HBeAg seroconversion rates in group B were 35?5% at 48 weeks, 61?3% at 96 weeks,and the difference was significant ( P=0?042)?Conclusion The treatment of peginterferonα?2a in combination with adefovir dipivoxil and lamivudine is not more efficacious than peginterferon α?2a in combination with adefovir dipivoxil?The extended treatment of Peg? IFNα?2a plus a nucleoside analogue can achieve high rates of HBeAg seroconversion in patients with HBeAg?positive CHB.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics of cecum and colon-specific drug delivery system of 4-aminosalicyl-ic acid-maltoside (4-ASA-Mal) in vitro. METHODS:With the cumulative release rate of 4-ASA as the index,HPLC was em-ployed to observe the delivery of 4-ASA-Mal (equivalent to 250 μg/ml 4-ASA) in the buffer solutions of different pH (1.2,6.8 and 7.4)and in the aqueous contents in different parts(stomach,small intestine,cecum and colon)of normal rats and the rat mod-els of ulcerative colitis. RESULTS:4-ASA-Mal was hardly released in the buffer solutions of different pH. 12 h cumulative release rates were less than 8% in the aqueous contents in the stomachs and small intestines of normal rats and rat models,and were 55%and 81% in the aqueous contents in the cecum and colons of normal rats,and 55% and 74% in the aqueous contents in the cecum and colons of model rats with ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONS:4-ASA-Mal can release a lot of 4-ASA in aqueous contents in ce-cum and colon,targeting cecum and colon in vitro.

Background: Early diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis are important for the prognosis and evaluating the survival of patients.Aims: To systematically assess the diagnostic value of transient elastography (TE) for staging of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease.Methods: PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP from Jan.2001 to Dec.2015 were retrieved to collect the articles with staging of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease by TE.Data extraction was conducted.Article quality was evaluated by quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2 (QUADAS2).Meta-analysis was conducted by Stata 12.0 software.Results: Twenty articles involving 5 748 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that the combined sensitivity,specificity and AUC of TE for diagnosing significant fibrosis (≥F2) were 0.78 (95％ CI: 0.73-0.82),0.85 (95％ CI: 0.80-0.88) and 0.88 (95％ CI: 0.85-0.91),respectively.The combined sensitivity,specificity and AUC for advanced fibrosis (≥F3) were 0.89 (95％ CI: 0.86-0.91),0.88 (95％ CI: 0.85-0.91) and 0.94 (95％ CI: 0.92-0.96),respectively.The combined sensitivity,specificity and AUC for cirrhosis (F4) were 0.91 (95％ CI: 0.86-0.95),0.89 (95％ CI: 0.87-0.92) and 0.95 (95％ CI: 0.93-0.97),respectively.Conclusions: TE technique has a good diagnostic value in assessing significant fibrosis,advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease,especially for advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of cyclic stretch on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway during stretch-induced differentiation process of C2C12 myoblasts.

METHODSC2C12 cells were seeded on Bio Flex 6-well plates, and cells were subsequently subjected to cyclic stretch at an optimal magnitude (10%) and frequency (0.5 Hz). The effects of cyclic stretch were examined at 2, 6, 12, 24 h. Antibodies specific to p38MAPK phosphorylated forms and the total protein levels of the p38MAPK were examined using Western blot analysis.

RESULTSThese results indicated that p38MAPK was activated during stretch-induced C2C12 cell differentiation. The level of phosphorylated protein was higher in the p38MAPK signaling pathway. The expression of total protein was maintained at baseline level. There were no significant differences between groups. Treatment of cells with specific p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 could decrease the expression of myogenin, but not completely abolish the myogenin expression after stretch.

CONCLUSIONp38MAPK signaling pathway plays an important role during stretch-induced differentiation process of C2C12 myoblasts, but is not activated exclusively in this process.

Objective:To analyze the results of external quality assessment (EQA) of different levels laboratories of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Inner Mongolia in 2018, and to understand the detection ability of these laboratories.Methods:In 2018, the Inner Mongolia region level laboratories and all 12 league and municipal level laboratories were assessed for salt iodine, urinary iodine and water iodine (74 banner, county and district level laboratories participated in the urinary iodine assessment, and 100 banner, county and district level laboratories participated in the salt iodine assessment). As 3+-Ce 4+ catalytic spectrophotometry (WS/T 107.1-2006) was used to measure the iodine in urine, direct titrimetric method (GB/T 13025.7.1-2012) was used to measure the salt iodine, and water iodine was determined based on "Determination of Iodine in Drinking Water by As 3+-Ce 4+ Catalytic Spectrophotometry" in the range of 0 - 100 μg/L. The examination results of EQA of different levels of IDD laboratories in Inner Mongolia were statistically analyzed. Results:Regional level leboratory passed all the 3 assessments, qualified rates of salt iodine, urinary iodine and water iodine were 83.3% (10/12), 91.7% (11/12), and 100.0% (12/12), respectively, at league and municipal level; qualified rates of salt iodine and urinary iodine were 95.0% (95/100), and 90.5% (67/74), respectively, at banner, county and district level in 2018.Conclusions:The detection ability of IDD laboratories at all levels in the whole region has been stabilized, but there are still fluctuations in some laboratories. It is suggested that the technical and responsibility training, instrument verification, experimental environment control and quality control of laboratories at all levels should be continued.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of reduced glutathione (GSH) for preventing thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy (TiPN) in multiple myeloma (MM). Methods A total of 40 cases of MM in Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences from October 2014 to September 2016 were chosen as research objects. According to the randomized double blind principle, the patients were divided into two groups, the patients in the treatment group were treated with GSH and thalidomide in combination with chemotherapy, and the patients in the control group were treated without thalidomide and chemotherapy. The occurrence of TiPN between the two groups were observed and analyzed. Results The total incidence of TiPN in the treatment group was 25 % (5/20), while that in the control group was 45 % (9/20), there was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2= 1.758, P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in neuromotor conduction velocity (MCV), compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and sensory conduction velocity (SCV) between the two groups (all P> 0.05). There were no statistically significant difference in SNAP of median nerve and ulnar nerve between the two groups (both P>0.05). But the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) of superficial peroneal nerve in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group [(7.5 ±4.6) vs. (4.9 ±2.6)], and the difference was statistically significant (t= 2.221, P< 0.05). Conclusion GSH has a certain effect on the prevention of TiPN.

Objective To observe the impact of readout-segmented echo-planar imaging(RS-EPI)based on small field of view(FOV)and saturation band on image quality of orbital diffusion weighted imaging(DWI).Methods Orbital MR scanning were prospectively performed in 33 healthy subjects.T1W,RS-RPI and optimized RS-EPI(based on small FOV and saturation band)images were acquired.Imaging quality of RS-EPI and optimized RS-EPI on displaying intraorbital structures(eyeballs,optic nerve and intraconal compartment)and periorbital structures(nasal cavity,orbital gyrus,optic chiasma,pituitary and temporal lobe)were evaluated subjectively using 5-point method.The geometric parameters of eyeball,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)were compared between images of RS-EPI and optimized RS-EPI.Results The display of eyeball,nasal cavity,orbital gyrus,optic chiasm,pituitary and temporal lobe on optimized RS-EPI were all better than those on RS-EPI(all P＜0.01),whereas no significant difference of optic nerve nor intraconal compartment was found between optimized RS-EPI and RS-EPI images(P＞0.05).Deformations of eyeball volume,sphericity,surface area,3D maximum diameter,axial maximum diameter and sagittal maximum diameter of bilateral eyes on optimized RS-EPI images were all slighter than those on RS-EPI(all P＜0.01),whereas no significant difference of deformations of coronal maximum diameters was found between optimized RS-EPI and RS-EPI images(P＞0.05).SNR of left temporal lobe white matter and ADC of vitreous body on optimized RS-EPI images were both lower than those on RS-EPI(both P＜0.01),whereas no significant difference of ADC of left temporal lobe white matter nor that of pons was found between optimized RS-EPI and RS-EPI images(P＞0.05).Conclusion Optimized RS-EPI with small FOV and saturation band could be used to improve imaging quality of orbital DWI.