Unique totipotency of embryonic stem cell make it great value.Embryonic stem cells have received extensive attention from the discovery,research to application.This paper outlined the discovery of embryonic stem cell and the challenges faced in the progress of the study and research process,focusing on the ethical issues.Meanwhile,this paper analyzed the attitude of various governments,the status of the relevant laws and regulations in order to discuss the prospects of stem cell re

BACKGROUND:Induced pluripotent stem cells research has become a hot topic nowadays, because it can avoid the immune rejection and ethical issues in stem cellresearch and have characteristics is similar to the embryonic stem cells.
OBJECTIVE:To review prospect and progress of induced pluripotent stem cells, and to find out some problems about the induced pluripotent stem cells in inducing method, efficiency, safety and application which need to be solved.
METHODS:Kjmed database was searched by the first author using key words of“induced pluripotent stem cells, efficiency, disease model, clinical application”in English to retrieve relevant articles published from January 2003 to June 2013. Literatures addressing induced pluripotent stem cells were included, and the repetitive researches were excluded.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 112 documents were retieved, and final y 32 articles were retained after deleting unrelated and repetitive ones. Induced pluripotent stem cells have very high application value and prospects in the somatic celltransplantation, tissue engineering, drug screening and establishment in vitro of disease models. But this technology is stil in the stage of research and exploration, and there are many technical problems that need to be solved.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Tiao Shen Kai Yu (regulating mind and anti-depression) needling plus mental intervention in treating mild post-stroke depression. Method A total of 100 eligible subjects with mild post-stroke depression were randomized into a control group and an observation group, 50 cases in each group. The two groups were both intervened by basic treatment, while the control group was additionally given mental intervention and the observation group was given Tiao Shen Kai Yu needling plus mental intervention. The two groups were treated once a day, 5 times a week, for 30 d in total. The Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were observed before and after the treatment. Result The HAMD scores were both significantly improved in the two groups after the treatment (P<0.01), and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The SDS scores were significantly improved after the treatment in both groups (P<0.01), and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion Tiao Shen Kai Yu needling plus mental intervention can more effectively improve mild post-stroke depression than single mental intervention.

Objective To study the clinical effect of minocycline hydrochlorideointment on the treatment of patients with retrograde pulpitis.Methods From January 2015 to December 2016 in Huzhou central hospital, 90 cases with retrograde pulpitis as the research object were divided into two groups, the control group and the observation group, 45 cases in each group.The control group were received conventional treatment combined with iodine glycerin, and the observation group were given conventional treatment combined with minocycline hydrochloride ointment.The clinical data were compared in the two groups.Results After treatment, plaque index(0.91±0.30), gingival bleeding index(2.11±1.32), explore clinical depth(4.58±1.19)and attachment loss(3.06±1.85)in the observation group were better than the plaque index(1.38±0.49), gingival bleeding index(3.07±1.83),explore clinical depth(4.87±1.49)and attachment loss(5.18±1.39)in the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P< 0.05);the clinical effect 95.6% in the observation group was better than 80.0% in the control group(P< 0.05).The adverse reaction rate was 6.7% in the observation group, which was lower than 17.8% in the control group(P< 0.05).Conclusion It that the conventional method combined with minocycline hydrochloride ointment on the treatment of retrograde pulpitis has significant clinical effect, can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients, is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effect of lliac fascia compartment block on early analgesia of patients during performed the whole knee replacement.Methods Forty patients undergoing single whole knee replacement were randomly divided into group A and B,20 cases in each group.Before anesthesia,patients in group A underwentthree in one femoral nerve block guided by nerve stimulator with 20 ml of 0.5％ ropivacaine.Patients in group B underwent lliac fascia compartment block with 25 ml of 0.5％ ropivacaine.Visual analogue score (VAS) during rest and movement were recorded at 0 (T0),0.5 (T1),1 (T2),2 (T3),4 (T4),6 (T5),and 8 h (T6) after a patient fully awoke from surgery.Results In group B,Resting VAS scoresofpatientswere(4.5±0.7),(4.5 ±0.6),(4.2 ±0.8),(4.4 ±0.5),(4.3 ±0.7),(4.4 ±0.6),(5.2 ±0.6) at T0-T6 time point,and moving VAS were(4.7 ±0.6),(4.4 ±0.7),(4.4 ±0.5),(4.3 ±0.6),(4.4±0.6),(5.0 ±0.7),(5.1 ±0.6),all higher than that of group A((1.5 ±0.6),(1.7 ±0.6),(1.7 ± 0.6),(1.7 ±0.6),(1.9 ±0.6),(2.0 ±0.6),(2.2 ± 0.5) and(1.6 ±0.6),(2.0 ±0.6),(1.8 ±0.6),(1.7 ± 0.6),(2.0 ± 0.6),(2.3 ± 0.6),(2.5 ± 0.7),and there was significant difference (resting VAS∶ F (between group) =17.672,P ＜ 0.05,F(within group) =5.062,P ＜ 0.001,F(interaction) =1.443,P =0.143) ; Moving VAS:F (between group) =8.183,P ＜ 0.001,F (within group) =7.742,P ＜ 0.001,F (interaction) =0.85,P =0.424).Conclusion Iliac fascia compartment block had proved with early analgesic effect in patients with total knee replacement.Iliac fascia block is simple,safe,and can be performed without nerve stimulator.Therefore iliac fascia block has a certain clinical application.

Objective To study the status of knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) of environmental health among urban and rural residents and the influencing factors. Methods Totally,4 607 urban and rural residents from Lanzhou,Taiyuan,Shanghai and Qingdao were recruited and investigated by the self-designed questionnaire from July 3rd to August 10th 2007. In the questionnaire,a certain number of related questions were designed mainly on environmental health knowledge,attitude and practice. The datas were analyzed with SPSS13.0 software. Results The average scores of environmental health knowledge,attitude and practice of urban and rural residents were 4.14?1.30,4.88?0.85 and 4.05?1.11 respectively. The main influencing factors of environmental health knowledge were education background (?=0.220,P

Objective To observe the effect of diet control combined with exercise on hyperlipi-demia,hyperglycemia and high blood pressure in overweight subjects. Method One hundred and four subjects (75 men and 29 women )were chosen from 6789 persons for medical examinations at health administration centre of our hospital from August to December in 2005. All of them met the following requirements: age 35-60,BMI value 24—28,high blood lipids ,high blood glucose or high blood pressure ,never using any drugs and excluding diseases with defects of heart ,liver or renal function and osteoarthritis diseases affecting physical activities. They were required to follow the plan of diet control and exercise for 24 w. The changes of their body weights (BW) ,body mass index (BMI),waist-hip ratio (WHR),total cholesterol (TC),total triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2 hours plasma glucose (2 hPG),glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c),systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were observed . Results After 24 w intervention by diet control and exercise ,the BW ,BMI,FPG,2hPG ,HbAlc ,TC ,TG,LDL-C and SBP of the subjects studied were decreased drastically. HDL-C and DBP were not changed. Conclusion Scientific and reasonable diet pattern and rational exercise can lower the hyperlipidemia ,hyperglycemia and hypertension in overweight subjects.

Objective To investigate gene expression patterns of atherosclerosis (As) induced by homocysteine (Hcy). Methods Total RNAs were isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 3 inpatients who had no traditional risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD). They were one with normal coronary angiography and plasma Hcy level , one CHD patient with normal plasma Hcy level, and one CHD patient with high plasma homocysteine level . The RNAs were reversely transcribed to the cDNAs to prepare the hybridization probes. The probes were hybridized to the gene chip with 1152 genes to study gene expression patterns. Results There were 177 differentially expressed genes between the CHD patient with high plasma homocysteine level and the patient with normal coronary angiography and plasma Hcy level (group 1) . There were 151 differentially expressed genes between the CHD patient with high plasma homocysteine level and the CHD patient with normal plasma Hcy level (group 3) . A parallel comparison between group 1 and group 3 gene chips showed that there were 48 differentially expressed genes in common , of which there were 25 down-regulated and 23 up-regulated genes.Conclusions Among the differentially expressed genes, some are involved in the functions of apoptosis, signal transduction, immunology, translation of protein and proto-oncogene, etc. They had potential values in genesis of As induced by Hcy. The study based on gene chip in researching the differentially expressed genes of As induced by Hcy will provide new clues for finding out the pathogenesis of As.

AIM:To investigate whether hypoxic preconditioning(HPC)protects cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells against oxidative injury,and to discuss whether calreticulin(CRT)contribute to this protection through p38 MAPK signaling pathway.METHODS:Cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells were randomly divided into eight groups as follows:hydrogen peroxide stress(H2O2);brief hypoxic exposure of 20 min to simulate hypoxic preconditioning(HPC);20 min of hypoxic exposure followed by 24 h of normoxic reoxygenation before hydrogen peroxide stress(HPC+H2O2),SB203580(the specific inhibitors of p38 MAPK)+HPC+H2O2,antisense oligonucleotides transfection of calreticulin(AS),AS+H2O2,AS+HPC+H2O2 and control.Morphological studies,estimation of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)leakage and flow cytometry were employed to assess the cell apoptosis and necrosis.RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis was used to detect calreticulin expression and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.RESULTS:The results obtained are as follows:(1)HPC relieved cell injury caused by H2O2.Compared with those in H2O2 group,apoptosis rate and LDH leakage in culture medium in HPC + H2O2 group decreased 13.4% and 44.0%,respectively(P

Objective To investigate the effect of vitamin D combined with iron succinate on children with premature anemia .Methods 66 patients with premature anemia from November 2013 to June 2015 in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the experiment group, with 33 cases in each group.The patients in the both groups were give regular treatment, the experimental group was given the protein succinate oral solution (phenipril) 1.5 mL/kg on the basis of conventional treatment, Vitamin D drops ,one times a day.Two groups were treated continuously for 60 days.The hemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin, liver and kidney function and adverse reactions were compared before and after treatment.Results The hemoglobin, serum iron and ferritin levels in two groups were higher after treatment(P<0.05),compared with the control group,the hemoglobin, serum iron and ferritin levels in the experimental group were higher(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment ,the levels of serum ALT, AST, Cr and BUN in the two groups were not statistically significant.There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between two groups.Conclusion Vitamin D and iron proteinsuccinylate combined treatment of anemia in premature infants clinical curative effect, improve the body hemoglobin, serum iron and ferritin levels, without causing damage to liver and kidney function, drug safety.