Physical activity is limited in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and higher level of physical activity may result in less risk of death, milder depression or ahypnosis, less fatigue and better quality of life. Physical activity may relate with many factors. MHD patients may be benefited from exercise to improve the physical activity, mainly with aerobic exercise and resistance training during hemodialysis. Nurses can do more in health education and direction of exercise for MHD patients.

Objective:To analyze the morbid risk factors of chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy(CTN)with an unknown origin in Wenzhhou City.Method:810 residents in several big districts were investigated.652 subjects,which had complete data and were coincided with the inclusion standard,were analyzed by an unmatched case-control study.The case group contained 19 cases coincided with the diagnostic criteria for CTN with unknown causes.The controlled group contained 633 cases.Thirteen probable risk factors were selected to be investigated:age,sex,body height,body weight, occupation,education,allergic history,addiction to smoking or wine,family history,the respective exposure to heavy met- als,radioactive ray and poisons.A history of medications,including caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis,antipyretic analge- sic,antibiotics,etc.was also investigated.The odds ratio(OR)of CTN with an unknown origin caused by risk factors were calculated with Logistic regression analysis.The obtained data were investigated,and the risk factors were screened out. All the data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0.Result:The homogeneity test showed there was no significant difference in age, sex,occupation and education between the case and controlled groups.The exposure to heavy metals or caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis was screened as the valid risk factor of CTN with OR 17.50 and 103.594 respoetively(P

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disease and its incidence is increased in recent years in China.As the main treatment of GERD, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) has stable effects and high safety in long-term application.However, around 30% GERD patients had poor symptom control under standard PPI treatment, even developed into refractory GERD, seriously affecting the quality of life.Therefore, the treatment of GERD is a difficult clinical problem and multiple therapeutic modalities have emerged, including drug therapy, endoscopic treatment and surgery.In this paper, we reviewed the advances in study on treatment of refractory GERD.

Object To analyze and evaluate the result of using high fidelity Human Patient Simulator in the training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Methods Use SimMan4000 human analogue of Norway Laerdal company and the high fidelity Human Patient Simulator ofMedical Education Technology Incorporation,210 doctors were trained,and training contented contain cardiopulmonary resuscitation,malignant arrhythmia and respiratory failure.then,score was gaven by computer.The freeback questionnaire of trained residents were added up.Result The average score of artificial respiration and press chest outside were 65.41?24.36 and 75.62? 24.65 before training respectively,the scores were 88.37?22.45 and 88.23?21.46 after training respectively.The ability of cardiopulmonary resuscitation raised obviously(P

Objective To study the pathology of primary neuroectodermal tumor (PNET),and its diagnostic standards and prognostic factors.Methods Expression of CD99,FLI-1,Syn,NSE,S-100,NF,and Vim was detected in PNET tissues stained with HE and immmunohistochemistry (En Vision method).Survival rate of 33 PNET patients with complete clinical information was analyzed with COX regression analysis method.Results The positive expression rate of CD99,FLI-1,Vim,Syn,NSE and s-100 was 88.57%,51.43%,91.42%,48.57%,45.71%,and 22.86%,respectively.The sensitivity of combined CD99 and FLI-1 was 100%.However,NF was not expressed in all PNET tissues.When other factors were unchanged,no difference was found in the effect of age on the survival rate of patients.However,a significant difference was observed in the effect of PNET site and its treatment modalities on the survival rate of patients (P

Users' cognition and information retrieval are faced with great challenges in ubiquitous knowledge environ-ment. The influence of cognitive factors such as personality traits, cognitive style and ability, knowledge structure and ascribed methods on users' information retrieval behaviors was thus analyzed. It was pointed out that different cognitive factors could influence the retrieval, judgment and absorption of its results,users' satisfaction and continuous use in ubiquitous knowledge environment,with suggestions put forward from the aspects of information retrieval education, information service and information users for improving the users ' knowledge system in knowledge assimilating process by working out effective retrieval strategies using the advantages of cognition.

Objective To establish the chromogenic substrate method to determine the activity of cytochrome C.Methods Used TMB as the chromogenic substrate, reacted at 37 ℃ for 15 min, generated the yellow products, and detected the absorbance at 450 nm.The experimental design method is the 4 ×4 parallel line quantitative analysis.ResuIts The activities of cytochrome C injection samples have been determined.The linear regression equation was Y=0.9875 X -1.0221,R2 =0.9996.The accuracy and repeatability were 1.1 % and 3.6 %.ConcIusion The chromogenic substrate method was simple operation, sensitive and can be used to determine the activity of cytochrome C.

Two simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) methods were developed and validated for the determination of fenticonazole in human plasma after percutaneous and intravaginal administration. Mifepristone was used as an internal standard (IS), and simple protein precipitation by acetonitrile containing 2%acetic acid was utilized for extracting the analytes from the plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kinetex XB-C18 column. The quantitation was performed by a mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) positive ion mode using precursor-to-product ion transitions of m/z 455.2–199.1 for fenticonazole and m/z 430.2–372.3 for mifepristone. The validated linear ranges of fenticonazole were 5–1000 pg/mL and 0.1–20 ng/mL in plasma for the methods A and B, respectively. For the two methods, the accuracy data ranged from 85% to 115%, the intra- and inter-batch precision data were less than 15%, the recovery data were more than 90%, and no matrix interference was observed. The methods A and B were successfully validated and applied to the pharmacokinetic studies of fenticonazole gel in Chinese healthy volunteers after percutaneous and intravaginal administration, respectively.

Objective To investigate the effect of high glucose on renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and to analyze the relationship between high glucose and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)and the mechanism of renal interstitial fibrosis. Methods HKC and Smad7-overexpression HKC cells were grown in DMEM/F12 medium containing 5%～10%newborn calf serum.They were cultured for 16 h in free serum medium after 80%cells were adhered onto the surface of the flask.Afterwards,they were stimulated by high glucose(glucose concentration:25 mmol/L and 50 mmol/L).The expression of α-SMA,E-cadherin and fibronectin was detected by Western blot while the supernatant level of TGF-β1 was detected by ELISA.Cell motility and migration was evaluated using Boyden chamber motogenicity assay. Results In HKC induced by high glucose,the expression of α-SMA and fibronectin protein was highly upregulated while the expression of E-cadhefin protein was down-regulated.The expression of TGF-β1was up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner.These above-mentioned effects could be obviously inhibited by anti-TGF-β1 antibody.The protein expression of α-SMA,fibronectin and E-cadherin had no obvious change in Smad7-overexpression HKC induced by high glucose.HKC exhibited enhanced motility and invasive capacity in high glucose groups,compared to that in control group.Migrated cell counting was(12.4±3.7)and(18.6±4.4)cell/HP in 25 and 50 mmol/L glucose groups respectively. Conclusion High glucose may induce renal tubular epithelialmesenchymal transition through TGF-β1 pathway,which can be inhibited by blocking the Smad signal pathway.

Treatment of calcaneal fractures has always been the focus of many clinical researchers.The goals of traditional surgical treatment are not only to restore the integrity of calcaneal articular surface but also to reconstruct the anatomy of the calcaneus.More importantly,we need to reduce postoperative soft tissue swelling and incidence of postoperative complications.In recent years,scholars have reported satisfactory clinical efficacy and prognosis resulting from a sinus tarsal approach for treatment of calcaneal fractures.This paper reviews the latest research progress concerning the sinus tarsal approach for treatment of calcaneal fractures at home and abroad,intending to provide helpful information for the clinical surgeons.