OBJECTIVETo systematically review the effectiveness of bone substitute augmentation combined with internal fixation versus internal fixation alone in treating proximal femoral fractures in the elderly.

METHODSSubject term and keywords were searched from Pubmed, Cochrane databases and CNKI from database foundation to August 2015. Randomized controlled studies and qusi-randomized controlled studies on bone substitutes augmentation combined with internal fixation versus internal fixation alone for the treatment of proximal femoral fractures in the elderly were chosen. Postoperative re-displacement, re-operation rate, complications (infection and bone ununion), functional outcome, quality of life scores and muscle strength were seen as outcome indicators. Enumeration data were statistical analyzed by risk difference and 95% confidence interval. Measurement data were analyzed by standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval. If the same measurement data were evaluated by different standards in different studies, standardized mean differences and 95% confidence interval were used. The methods of statistical analysis were used by Cochrane databases.

RESULTSEleven RCTs (677 patients) were included. Meta-analysis results indicated that bone substitutes augmentation combined with internal fixation occurred fewer re-displacement [SMD = -0.75, 95% CI (-1.03, -0.47)] and obtained better function [SMD = 0.40, 95% CI (0.20, 0.59)]. While there were no significant differences in reoperation rate [RD = 0.02, 95% CI (-0.05, -0.09)], pain at 1 week after operation [MD = -1.79, 95% CI (-13.55, -9.96)], pain ranged from 6 to 8 weeks [MD = -7.24, 95% CI (-20.07, -5.59)], postoperative pain at 12 weeks [MD = -0.32, 95% CI (-4.9, -3.55)], muscle strength [MD = 1.25, 95% CI (-6.98, -9.48)], bone ununion [RD = 0.02, 95% CI (-0.01, -0.05)] and postoperative complications [MD = 0.01, 95% CI (-0.03, -0.04)].

CONCLUSIONCompared with single internal fixation, bone substitutes augmentation combined with internal fixation for the treatment of proximal femoral fractures in the elderly less occur re-displacement and could obtain better functional recovery.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Substitutes ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; therapy ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the clinical states of enuresis children companied with spina bifida occulta(SBO)and study the efficient way of treatment.Methods The children with SBO were check out by X ray from a total of 121 children with bedwetting.Their parents were asked to complete the enuresis questionnaires.Urine routine test and B-ultrasound examination about kidney,bladder and ureter were also asked to be done.The clinic data of the 49 children were attained and analyzed.They were randomly divided into 2 groups,and given the controlled treatment.Group A[used 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vas-opressin(DDAVP)only] and group B(used DDAVP plus oxybutynin plus bladder training)treated for 12 weeks.Results There were totally 49 bedwetting children companied with SBO,and most of them(44 cases,89.8%)were severe type(bedwetting times≥7 times/week).Some of them coexisted with frequency,urgency,gentle urgency incontinence and microscopic hematuria(22 cases).Thirty cases were found the functional bladder capacity(FBC)decrease by B-ultrasound.The cure rates were 58.3%(group A)and 88.0%(group B)respectively.The relapse rates were 36.8%(group A)and 12.5%(group B)respectively after stopping treatment for 3 months.Conclusions SBO accounts for considerably higher rate in enuretic children.It might cause the disability of bladder function.The treatment plan with DDAVP plus oxybutynin plus bladder training can not only increase the cure rate but also lower the relapse rate.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of Bevacizumab on the tumor growth, proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer xenograft, and the impacts on the VEGF and Sp1 expression.

METHODSGastric cancer xenografts in nude mice were established using SGC-7901 gastric cancer cell line. The nude mice were randomly divided into two groups, Bevacizumab treatment group and PBS group. The tumor sizes were measured for tumor growth curve. The proliferation and angiogenesis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of Ki67 and CD34. TUNEL assay was used for apoptosis evaluation. The expression of VEGF and Sp1 in tumor cells were detected by IHC and Western blot.

RESULTSCompared to the PBS group, the tumor growth decreased significantly (P<0.05), the proliferation of tumor cells and angiogenesis decreased, and apoptosis index increased significantly [(5.3 ± 1.8)% vs. (16.7 ± 6.7)%, P<0.01] in Bevacizumab group. The results of IHC and Western blot demonstrated that the expression of VEGF and the microvessel density (MVD) was decreased (4.0 ± 1.0 vs. 16.3 ± 1.5, P<0.001) in Bevacizumab treatment group. No obvious changes of Sp1 expression were observed in Bevacizumab treatment group.

CONCLUSIONSBevacizumab can inhibit the growth of gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice, decrease the VEGF expression and MVD. However, the compensatory up-regulation of transcription factor Sp1 is not affected by Bevacizumab.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Bevacizumab ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Sp1 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myxoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Vulvar Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effects of beta-elemene combined DC/Dribble vaccine in treating mice with hepatic cancer, thus exploring their anti-tumor mechanisms.

METHODSDentritic cells were derived from Balb/c mice's spleen and their phenotypes were identified. Using hepatic cancer cell line BNL1MEA.7R.1 (abbreviated as BNL) originated from Balb/c mice as target cell, DC/Dribble vaccine was prepared via raising the antigen representing carrier autophagosomes (DRips in Blebs, DRibbles), which were rich in tumor antigen information. The mice previously immunized were divided into 4 groups, i.e., the control group, the beta-elemene group, the vaccine group, and the combined group. The PBS was subcutaneously and intraperitoneally injected to mice in the control group. The beta-elemene was intraperitoneally injected at the daily dose of 50 mg/kg to mice in the beta-elemene group and the combined group for 7 successive days. DC/Dribble vaccine was injected into the lymph node of mice in the vaccine group and the combined group on the 1st day, and DC/Dribble vaccine was subcutaneously injected on the 3rd day and the 5th day. All the mice were sacrificed on the 10th day. Their spleens were obtained sterilely, and the suspension was incubated with or without Dribble. The cells were inoculated for 72 h. The contents of IFN-gamma in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. In addition, the spleen cells obtained from the combined group were incubated with different stimulations for 72 h, which were then divided into the control group, the DRibble group, the DC group, and the DC/Dribble vaccine group. The supernatant of cultured cells were collected and the contents of IFN-gamma were measured by ELISA. The liver tumor-bearing mouse model was established, and then the BNL bearing mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e., the control group, the beta-elemene group, the vaccine group, and the combined group. The treatment ways were the same as the immune ways. The tumor size and the survival period were observed in each group. On the 23rd day the mice were sacrificed. The tumor tissue was stripped and stained by HE staining. The pathomorphological manifestations of the tumor tissue were observed by light microscope.

RESULTSIn vitro detection of mice immunized previously by different ways showed that the secretion of IFN-gamma was significantly higher in the combined group than in the rest groups (P < 0.01). The secretion of IFN-gamma was significantly higher in the beta-elemene group and the vaccine group than in the control group (P < 0.01). The spleen cells could be stimulated to secrete a large amount of IFN-gamma in the vaccine group and the Dribble group (P < 0.01). When the beta-elemene was 10 microg/mL as the stimulating dose, the secretion of IFN-gamma obviously increased (P < 0.01). In vivo observation showed that the growth velocity of tumors in mice of the combined group was slowed down. There was statistical difference in the tumor area or the survival period of mice in the combined group, when compared with the other groups (P < 0.01). In HE staining, the surrounding connective tissues of the tumor were wrapped tightly and compactedly, with infiltration of a large amount of inflammatory cells.

CONCLUSIONSbeta-elemene combined DC/Dribble vaccine could induce specific immune cells to secrete secretory cells, thus exerting its anti-tumor effect. Its immunological effects might be associated with enhancing the DC antigen presenting function.

Animals ; Cancer Vaccines ; immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Female ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Sesquiterpenes ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of tadalafil on nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT).

METHODSThirty-four patients with organic erectile dysfunction (ED) were treated with oral tadalafil at the dose of 10 mg/3 d before bedtime. A month later, 14 of the patients were observed for NPT by nocturnal electrobioimpedance volumetric assessment (NEVA).

RESULTSThe parameters of erectile function significantly improved in the 14 patients (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOral administration of minute dose of tadalafil can improve NPT in organic ED patients.

Adult ; Carbolines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; physiology ; Tadalafil

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of moxibustion and exercise comprehensive scheme intervention for children with short stature of deficience of the kidney essence.

METHODSTwenty four cases of children in 12 to 14 years old were selected, 12 male and 12 female, they were treated with comprehensive therapy of exercise therapy and moxibustion. Running and jumping were selected as main exercise therapy, it became a suitable exercise amount when the heart rate reach to 150 to 170 times per minute, thrice each week, 35 to 45 minutes each time. After exercises they were treated with moxibustion, Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Dazhu (BL 11), Xuanzhong (GB 39), Geshu (BL 17) etc. were selected. After treatment for half a year, the changes of the body height, body weight, bone age(BA), growth hormone (GH), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) were compared before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe body height and bone age of the boys and girls were significantly higher than those before treatment (all P<0.05), the growth of body height was more than 4 cm, the growth of bone age was more than 0.5 years old in half a year; the testosterone of all children was significantly increased (all P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in body weight, GH and E2 compared to those before treatment (all P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONMoxbustion and exercise comprehensive scheme can effectively improve the children with short stature of deficience of the kidney essence, the mechanism is related to the improving of the testosterone level.

Adolescent ; Body Height ; Child ; Estradiol ; metabolism ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Growth Disorders ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Human Growth Hormone ; metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Testosterone ; metabolism ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the immunogenicity and immunoprotection of the recombinant expressing product (rSpaO) of S. paratyphi A spaO gene, and to demonstrate the frequencies of spaO gene carrying and expressing in S. paratyphi A isolates.

METHODSThe spaO gene of a clinical S. paratyphi A strain JH01 was amplified and then cloned. After sequencing of the cloned spaO gene, a prokaryotic expression system of the gene was constructed. SDS-PAGE were applied to examine the rSpaO expression. Ni-NTA affinity chromatography was performed to collect rSpaO. Immunogenicity of rSpaO was determined by Western blot assay. A PCR assay and an ELISA were established to respectively detect the carrying and expressing frequencies of the spaO genes in 98 S. paratyphi A isolates. The immunoprotective effects of rSpaO in S. paratyphi A strain 50001 infected mice were observed.

RESULTSIn comparison with the reported corresponding sequences, the nucleotide and putative amino acid sequence homologies of the cloned spaO gene were 99.45%-99.89% and 99.01%-100%, respectively. The expression output of rSpaO was approximately 75% of the total bacterial proteins. S. paratyphi A antiserum could recognize as well as combine with rSpaO. rSpaO could efficiently induce rabbits to produce specific antibody. 94.9% (93/98) of the S. paratyphi A isolates had spaO gene and 91.4% (85/93) of the spaO+ strains could express SpaO. 58.3% and 50.0% of the mice that oral-taken or subcutaneous injected with 500 microg of rSpaO for immunization were survival after challenged by lethal dose of S. paratyphi A strain 50001. When co-immunized with 5 microg rLTB, the survival rates of the mice increased to 88.3% and 75.0%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe S. paratyphi isolates had relatively high carrying and expressing frequencies of spaO gene. rSpaO showed a fine immunogenicity and a certain immunoprotective effect, which could be used as an antigen candidate for developing genetic engineering vaccine of S. paratyphi.

Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genetic Engineering ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; Salmonella Vaccines ; immunology ; Salmonella paratyphi A ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo clone human intestinal trefoil factor (hITF/hTFF3) gene into an eukaryotic expression vector for its expression in eukaryotic cells.

METHODSThe total RNA was extracted from normal human colon mucosa, and transcribed into cDNAs using RT-PCR. hTFF3 gene was amplified by PCR and ligated into pGEMT vector by TA cloning method. After sequencing, the hTFF3 gene was transfered into the eukaryotic expression vector pCMV5-myc. The recombinant vector was transfected into 293-T cells, and the expression of the recombinant protein was detected by Western blotting.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONhTFF3 gene was successfully cloned from normal human colon mucosa. The vector pCMV5-myc-hTFF3 was reconstructed, and in 293-T cells transfected with the vector, hTFF3 expression was detected by Western blotting.

Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Eukaryotic Cells ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Peptides ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection ; methods ; Trefoil Factor-2 ; Trefoil Factor-3

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical feature, imaging and their diagnostic value for Joubert syndrome (JS).

METHODThe clinical data, imaging feature, and 31 references from China Biomedical literature database (CBMdise) were reviewed and analyzed.

RESULTThe age of onset of 32 patients including male 20 and female 12 ranged from 3 days to 6 years (mean 2.2 years). All the 32 patients with Joubert syndrome showed "slow growth" and "reduced muscle tension", 26 cases (81.3%) showed "gasp for breath", 26 cases (81.3%) showed "unusual motion of eyeball", 2 cases (6.3%) showed additional fingers (toes), 6 cases (18.8%) showed stretching tongue with agape. The typical imaging features of Joubert syndrome included "molar tooth sign", "midline cleavage" between cerebellar hemispheres and "bat-wing" like fourth ventricle, all the 32 patients with Joubert syndrome showed "midline cleavage", "molar tooth sign" was present in 29 cases (90.1%), and "bat-wing" like fourth ventricle in 30 cases (93.8%).

CONCLUSIONJoubert syndrome is a rare congenital brain malformation. The typical clinical manifestations included "gasp for breath", "reduced tension of muscle", "slow growth" and "unusual motion of eyeball", and at the same time the patients had the following typical imaging features of brain: "molar tooth sign", "midline cleavage" and "bat-wing" like fourth ventricle.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; Cerebellar Diseases ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Cerebellum ; abnormalities ; Child ; Eye Abnormalities ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Male ; Retina ; abnormalities ; physiopathology