0.1).Of the severity of bronchial asthma,56 patients were degree first,21 degree second,4 degree third,and 1 degree fourth.Of the classification of allergic rhinitis,65 patients were intermittent and 17 persistent.Of the severity of allergic rhinitis,63 patients were mild and 19 moderate-severe. Conclusion:There are correlation between clinical characteristics of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.Their classification and severity are highly coherent.

Teaching of Introduction to information management is one of the important tasks for library and informa-tion subject and archive management subject. The leading teaching materials of Introduction to information manage‐ment used in China at present were listed, the contents in Introduction to information management were summa-rized, and the teaching models for the basic courses of informatics in University of Arizona and their enlightenments on teaching of such courses in China were analyzed with certain suggestions put forward for the teaching reform of Introduction to information management in China.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of medial approach in the treatment of posterior tibial plateau fractures.Methods 60 cases with posterior tibial plateau fractures were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The observation group was operated by medial approach,and the control group was operated by medial approach.Results The operation time of the observation group was (138.4 ±18.2)min,which of the con-trol group was (119.2 ±15.8)min,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t =4.363,P <0.01).The excellent and good rate of rehabilitation in the observation group was 96.7%,which was significantly higher than 83.3% of the control group (Z =2.237,P <0.05).The fracture healing time of the observation group was (14.5 ±3.3)weeks,which was significantly shorter than (17.9 ±3.6)weeks of the control group (t =3.813, P <0.01).The hospitalization time and incidence rate of complications had no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P >0.05).Conclusion The medial approach in the treatment of the posterior tibial plateau fractures has relatively small injury,reliable fixation,and good rehabilitation.It is one of surgical approaches which worthy of clinical consideration.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, and is the major cause of pain and chronic disability worldwide, causing enormous social and economic burden.Once OA was considered as a 'wear-and-tear' condition and obesity is considered to be one of the most powerful predisposing factors of OA in the weight-bearing joints.However, studies have also linked obesity to OA in non-weightbearing areas, suggesting systemic effects exerted by metabolic factors other than simple local biomechanics perhaps play a role in the high prevalence of osteoarthritis in obese population.Recent studies have shown that systemic metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, lipid metabolism disorders, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, play an important role in OA pathological process.Metabolic diseases promote the incidence and development of OA through a variety of ways, inducing causing low-grade systemic inflammation, increasing release of adipokines, anabolic cytokines and inflammatory mediators, leading to glucose and lipid metabolism disorders of chondrocytes, upregulating of cartilage extracellular matrix degrading enzymes, raising oxidative stress injury, increasing apoptosis of articular chondrocytes and reducing the cartilage and subchondral bone nutrition supply.These metabolic changes ultimately accelerate the damage of cartilage and promote the incidence and development of OA.Further research on OA and metabolic diseases, has the potential to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of OA.

The theoretical system for medical knowledge transfer was studied by analyzing its main research researchers,bodies and contents presenting in different databases-covered papers on medical knowledge transfer from 2005 to 2015,which showed that the main researches on medical knowledge transfer are focused on individuals,teams,organizations and leagues,the main research bodies are doctors,nurses,medical and non-medical staff,patients and their mangers and educators,and the main research contents are the influencing factors and implementation mechanisms for medical knowledge transfer.Although foreign and domestic researches on medical knowledge transfer showed certain differences with some limitations,they are of great importance for perfecting its theoretical system and practical implementation.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the present situation and trend of the antidepressants.METHODS:The antidepres?sants drugs in21hospitals of Hangzhou during2000～2003was statistically analyzed with respect to sales sum,market struc?ture etc.RESULTS:The total amount for antidepressants increased dramatically year by year.The consumption of the im?ported antidepressants has been decreasing while that of the domestic has been increasing and that of the antidepressants from the joint ventures remained stable.CONCLUSION:There is a great potential for the development of antidepressants;the sales amount and the consumption sum take on a trend of increasing rapidly.

The abnormality of corneal development leads to congenital corneal endothelial dystrophy,Peter abnormality,Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and squamous cell epithelioma of ocular surface etc..The development of cornea experiences the different phases,such as induction,embryogenesis and maturation.In this procedure,cellular proliferation and differentiation are tightly regulated by signaling cascades.Some members of these signaling cascades have been identified in recent studies.By using embryo tissue and genetic manipulation techniques in the study of corneal development researchers reveal that a number of transcription factors such as Pax6,Kruppellike factor (KLF6),transforming growth factor β (TGF-β),TGF-α are expressed,and they play major roles in different stages of cornea development.This review summarizes the recent researching progress in the study of transduction pathway and factors during the development of the cornea.

Objective To investigate the value of selective water excitation technique for the assessment of articular cartilage.Methods MR sagittal scanning of knee joints was performed in the fifteen healthy volunteers.MR scan sequences were 3D-FFE-SPIR and 3D-FFE-WATS.The signal noise ratio (SNR)of the cartilage,the contrast noise ratio(CNR)between cartilage and adjacent tissue and their efficiency were calculated and analyzed statistically.Tweenty-nine patients who were suspected having cartilage injury were performed MR examination anti the image characteristics and the detecting ability of each sequence on cartilage lesions were analyzed.Results In the healthy volunteers,the cartilage SNR was 3D-FFE-SPIR:197.93?18.58,3D-FFE-WATS:187.32?21.50(P=0.159).CNR(cartilage/bone)was 3D-FFE-SPIR:185.50?18.34,3D-FFE-WATS:169.55?24.57(P=0.054).CNR(cartilage/muscle)was 3D-FFE-SPIR:61.40?19.04,3D-FFE-WATS:47.27?21.05(P=0.064).The cartilage SNR and CNR between cartilage and bone,muscle of 3D-FFE-SPIR weren't significantly higher than that of 3D-FFE- WATS.CNR(cartilage/liquid)was 3D-FFE-SPIR:91.53?14.46,3D-FFE-WATS:149.28?32.30(P= 0.000).CNR(cartilage/marrow)was 3D-FFE-SPIR:159.26?18.83,3D-FFE-WATS:176.87? 22.50(P=0.028).CNR(cartilage/fat)was 3 D-FFE-SPIR:134.56?15.80,3D-FFE-WATS:154.01? 22.42(P =0.010).The CNR between cartilage and liquid,marrow,fat were higher in 3D-FFE-WATS and significantly different than that of 3D-FFE-SPIR.Thirty detected cartilage injuries of patients were 3D-FFE- WATS:39,3D-FFE-SPIR:45 and there was no statistical difference between them(P=0.37). Conclusion 3D-FFE-WATS can show the articular cartilage clearly.It has high scan speed and suppress the fat signal evenly.Its ability for finding cartilage damage is equal to that of 3D-FFE-SPIR.So WATS can be used in the routine clinical cartilage examination.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Lynch syndrome.(LS) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by a mutation in the mismatch repair genes (MMR).Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common extra-colonic cancers of LS Ⅱ type.Among the female members of LS family with the MMR gene mutation,EC has an overall lifetime risk more than 35％.LS-associated EC is more likely present as the clinical pathological characteristics of early age of onset,endometrioid adenocarcinoma,lower grade,lower uterine segment involvement,and better prognosis.LS patients with family history and early age of onset should be performed with a combined screening and genetic testing,while high-risk patients should be taken clinical monitoring methods as endometrial biopsy.Oral contraceptives mav be reasonable chemopreventive agents in the patients with LS.Although prophylactic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is an effective strategy to prevent EC in women with LS,preoperative counseling should address the trade-offs between the reduction in the risk of cancer,and the risks and side effects of surgery.The patients need hormone replacement therapy after surgery.