Various column chromatography, such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and semi-preparative HPLC was used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents from Cinnamomum cassia. The structures were determined on the basis of NMR and MS spectral data analysis, together with the comparison with literature data. Fifteen compounds were isolated from the 85% aqueous ethanol extract of C. cassia, and their structures were identified as (2R, 3R)-5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavan-3-ol( 1), (2R, 3R)-5,7-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavan-3-ol (2), coumarin (3), cinnamic acid (4), (E)-2-hydroxy-phenylpropionic acid cinnamoyl ester (5), 3, 3', 4, 4'-tetrahydroxy biphenyl (6), methylstictic acid (7), epi-boscialin (8), (1R,2S,3S,4S)-2,3-epoxy-1, 4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-5-cyelohexene (9), 4,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl cyclohex-2-enone (10), cis-4-hydroxymellein (11), and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyl-cinnamaldehyde (12). Compounds 5-11 were obtained from this genus plants for the first time.
Cinnamomum aromaticum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure

Until now, more than seventeen parvovirus have been reported which can infect mammals and poultries. The infected cells appeared different properties of apoptosis and death, present a typical cytopathic effect. NS1 is a major nonstructural protein of parvovirus, with a conservative structure and function, which plays an important role in the viral life cycle. In addition to the influence on viral replication, the NS1 also participates in apoptosis induced by viruses. Parvovirus induced apoptosis which is mainly mediated by mitochondrial pathway, this review summarized the latest research progresses of parvovirus induced apoptosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Humans ; Parvoviridae Infections ; physiopathology ; veterinary ; virology ; Parvovirus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Referring to the rapid developed life science and the higher requirements for the approval of innovative Chinese drugs in recent years, this paper described systematically the discovery, research and development (R&D) approaches for the innovative Chinese drugs under the new situation from the following five aspects, i. e., active components discovered from TCMs, the discovery of effective fractions of TCMs and their formulae, the R&D of TCM innovative drugs based on famous classic prescriptions and famous Chinese patent drugs, and the transformation of clinical effective prescriptions, on the basis of analysing the advantages of innovative drugs derived from natural products based on TCM theories and the problems existed in current R&D of new TCM drugs. Moreover, five suggestions are also given for the rapid development of TCM innovative drugs in China. All these will provide reference for the R&D of TCM innovative drugs.
China ; Drug Discovery ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends ; Research

Objective To investigate the risk factors for nosocomial infections and analyze pathogens drug resistance in patients with craniocerebral injury so as to provide scientific basis for clinical precaution and treatment.Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to collect the clinical data of 480 patients with craniocerebral injury including the gender,age and therapeutic process of patients by medical history,for analyzing the related factors causing nosocomial infections via SPSS 18.0 software.Then,the results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test were recognized to analyze drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria.Results The nosocomial infections occurred in 100 of 480 patients with craniocerebral injury,with an infection rate of 20.83%.The univariate analysis indicated that the risk of nosocomial infections was associated with age,tracheal tube,deep vein catheterization,the length of tracheotomy,the length of hospital stay,diabetic mellitus and hemoglobin ≤110 g·L-1 (P<0.05).Totally 191 strains of pathogens have been isolated,including 118 (61.8%) strains of gram-negative bacteria,46 (24.1%) strains of gram-positive bacteria and 27 (14.1%) strains of fungi.The Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli were dominant among the gram-negative bacteria,and the drug resistance rates of them to cefazolin and cefotaxime were high;The Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus were the major species of the gram-positive bacteria,which were insensitive to penicillin and clindamycin;the Candida albicans was the major species of the fungi.Conclusion The incidence of nosocomial infections is high in the patients with craniocerebral injury,which is accociated with many risk factors.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the control of the risk factors so as to effectively reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of minimally invasive surgery combined with sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for early gastric cancer (EGC).Methods The clinical data of 39 EGC patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy from December 2008 to January 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.Results 36 SLN negative EGC patients received endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and 3 SLN positive EGC patients underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D2 dissection.The mean number of SLN was (2.8 ± 1.0).The SLN detection rate and accuracy of determination of lymph node (LN) status were both 100％.The rate of LN metastasis in patients with EGC was 8％ with no false negative rate.In ESD group, local recurrence and liver metastasis developed in one each cases.Meanwhile 1 patient in laparoscopic group sufferd postoperative liver and lung metastasis.Total disease free survival was 95％.Conclusions Minimally invasive surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy for EGC is both safe and feasible.

Objective To establish regression m odel betw een craniofacial lines and body height by m ea-suring craniofacial lines in Southw est H an m ales using C Tand to accum ulate data for the study of foren-sic anthropology. Methods H ead C Tdata of 273 H an m ales in Southw est w ere collected and 7 cranio-facial lines w ere determ ined. M ultiplanar reconstruction and volum e rendering w ere perform ed by im age post-processing softw are and the selected lines w ere m easured. The relationship betw een each m easuring indicator and body height w as analyzed using SPSS 21.0 softw are. The regression equation of body height estim ation w as established and 50 sam ples w ere selected again and put into the m athem atics m odels to verify its accuracy. Results The linear regression equations of 7 lines w ere established (P<0.05). The correlation coefficients of the unary linear regression equations w ere 0.190-0.439 and the standard errors of the estim ate (SEE) w ere 4.597-5.023 cm . The correlation coefficients of the m ultiple linear regression equation w ere 0.494-0.524 and the SEEw ere 4.418-4.458 cm . The return tests show ed that the highest ±1SEEaccuracy of the m ultiple regression equation:y=83.959+3.589 x6+2.573 x2, w ere 30%;and the highest ±2SEEaccuracy of the m ultiple regression equation: y=72.646+3.316 x6+1.586 x2+1.553 x4+2.211 x3, w ere 92% . Conclusion There is significant linear correlation betw een 7 selected lines and the stature in this study, and the plural linear regression equation established could be applied for estim ating the stature of Southw est H an m ales.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the current situation of anticoagulant therapy for patients with non-valvular atrial fibril-lation,and to provide reference for standardized anticoagulant therapy. METHODS:A total of 1056 patients with non-valvular atri-al fibrillation were collected from our hospital during Jul. 2015-Jun. 2016. According to 2012 European Society of Cardiology Guide-lines for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation,the risks of thrombosis and hemorrhage were evaluated,and the standardized anti-coagulant therapy was also evaluated. RESULTS:Among 1056 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation,the number of patients with thrombosis risk score ≥1 was 1028,accounting for 97.3%. 763 patients received antithrombosis therapy,and only 139 pa-tients were given warfarin anticoagulant therapy. The international normalized ratio(INR)of prothrombin time in just 30.9% of pa-tients receiving warfarin was in line with the standard before discharge. CONCLUSIONS:The anticoagulant therapy for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation is still not optimistic,and effective measure should be adopted to improve the standardization of anticoagulant therapy in the patients with atrial fibrillation.

Hydrophidae, one of the precious traditional Chinese medicines, is generally drily preserved to prevent corruption, but it is hard to identify the species of Hydrophidae through the appearance because of the change due to the drying process. The identification through analysis on gene barcode, a new technique in species identification, can avoid the problem. The gene barcodes of the 6 species of Hydrophidae like Lapemis hardwickii were aquired through DNA extraction and gene sequencing. These barcodes were then in sequence alignment and test the identification efficency by BLAST. Our results revealed that the barcode sequences performed high identification efficiency, and had obvious difference between intra- and inter-species. These all indicated that Cyt b DNA barcoding can confirm the Hydrophidae identification.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; China ; Cytochromes b ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Elapidae ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Reptilian Proteins ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Compounds were isolated through various chromatographic techniques and their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with those reported in the literatures. Thirteen compounds were obtained from the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts. Their structures were identified as 4,4'-dimethoxy-9,9', 10,10'-tetrahydro-(1, 1'-biphenanthrene) -2, 2', 7, 7'-tetrol (1), 4, 4', 7, 7'-tetrahydroxy -2,2'-dimethoxy-1, 1'-biphenanthrene (2), 3, 5-dihydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (3), physcion (4), chrysophanol (5), emodin (6), genkwanin (7), quercetin (8), quercetin 3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylethanol (10), syringic acid (11), vanillin (12), and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (13), respectively. Compounds 1-3 and 5-12 are reported from this genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Plant Tubers ; chemistry

With polyethylene glycol vitamin E succinate (TPGS) as the carrier materials, and berberine hydrochloride ( BER) as model drug, we formed berberine hydrochloride (BER) -loaded TPGS nanomicells (BER-PMs) using filming-rehydration method to improve its solubility and in vitro anti-tumor effect. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the particle appearance; particle detector was used to detect the diameter and Zeta potential; and ultracentrifugation was utilized to determine the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug-loading (DD); dynamic dialysis method was used to study the in vitro release behavior of BER-PMs, and the anti-tumor activity against MCF-7 cells was determined by MTT method. Results showed that the average particle size of BER-PMs was (12.45 ± 1.46) nm; particle size was uniform and spherical; drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were (5.7 ± 0.22)% and (95.67 ± 5.35)%, respectively. Zeta potential was (-1.12 ± 0.23) mV; release rate within 24 h was 37.20% and 41.14% respectively in pH 7.4 and pH 6.5 phosphate buffer in vitro; compared with BER, BER-PMs can significantly inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation (P < 0.05), promote cell apoptosis and improve the anti-tumor activity of BER in vitro. Therefore, the formed berberine hydrochloride micelle can more effectively promote the apoptosis of MCF-7 cell, and improve the drug's in vitro anti-tumor effect.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Berberine ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Death ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Particle Size ; Polymers ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Solubility