Objective There are two main functions of gastrointestinal tract,digestion and absorption,and barrier function.The latter has an important defensive effect,which keeps the body away from the invading and damaging of bacteria and endotoxin.It maintains the systemic homeostasis.Intestinal dysfunction would happen when body suffers from diseases or harmful stimulations.The more serious intestinal disorders would harm the intestinal protective mechanism,or intestinal barrier function,and bacterial/endotoxin translocation,of intestinal failure(IF) would ensue.This article provides a critical review of the evidence indicating that an increase in bacterial translocation is associated with sepsis,and even the multiple organ failure syndrome in critically ill patients.The in-transit microorganisms play an essential role in the homeostasis of local and systemic immunity.Methods All studies published from 2000 to June 2005 about intestinal permeability,bacterial translocation,and systemic inflammatory response syndrome were located by search of PubMed.Results Clinical and experimental studies investigating the correlation between bacterial translocation and systemic inflammatory response syndrome,associated with the damage of the gut barrier function.To keep the mucosal barrier function intact is one of the main issues in the prevention of bacterial translocation.This could be achieved by the adequate delivery of oxygen and nutrient supplementation to the gut.Enteral nutrition,probiotic can be a good choice.Conclusion With a better understanding of the bacteria-host interactions in health and the alterations induced by critical illness,new therapies that improve the environment of both may lead to better recovery rates in intensive care unit patients.

Brain Diseases ; etiology ; therapy ; Heat Stroke ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; complications ; therapy

Objective To analyze the expressions and clinical significance of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (C-erbB-2) protein in sinonasal squamous cell cancer cells.Method Immunohistochemical and RT-PCR methods were used to detect the expression of C-erbB-2 in 62 cases of sinonasal squamous carcinoma tissues,30 cases of nasal polyps and 25 cases with normal nasal mucosa.The relationships between the expression of C-erbB-2 in sinonasal squamous carcinoma tissues and clinical pathological characteristics were analyzed.Results There was significant difference in the expression of C-erbB-2 in sinonasal squamous carcinoma tissues, nasal polyps and normal nasal mucosa tissues(P <0.05).The expression of C-erbB-2 was positively correlated with the clinicopathologic stage, tumor classification and lymph node involvement(P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of C-erbB-2 is correlated with tumorigenesis,invasion and metastasis of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma.It can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic and prediction maker as well as a new therapeutic target of sinonasal squamous cell cancer.

Objective To explore the relationship between osteoporosis and chronic vascular complications in elderly male patients with type 2 diabetes and to evaluate its related risk factors.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 428 elderly type 2 diabetic patients.The bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spines (L2 ～L4),femoral neck,Ward's triangle were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry,and chronic vascular complications in patients were tested.The correlation between BMD and chronic vascular complications was analyzed.Results Diabetic course was longer in osteoporosis group than in non-osteoporosis group (P＜0.05).Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose (PBG) were significantly higher in osteoporosis group than in non-osteoporosis group (P＜ 0.05).The incidences of diabetic nephropathy,diabetic retinopathy,diabetic neuropathy and hypertension were higher in osteoporosis group than in non-osteoporosis group (59.8％ vs.12.0％,41.8％ vs.22.3％,33.6％ vs.24.5％,and 35.7％ vs.26.1％,respectively,all P＜0.05).Logistic analysis showed that diabetic course,FBG and diabetic nephropathy were correlated with diabetic osteoporosis (OR =1.055,1.168,7.401,95％ CI:1.015-1.096,1.073-1.273,4.303-12.727,P=0.007,0.001,0.001).Conclusions Osteoporosis has a close relationship with diabetic microvascular complications in elderly diabetic patients.Diabetic nephropathy plays an important role in the development of diabetic osteoporosis.It is helpful for osteoporosis prevention to early monitor and intervene on microvascular complications index such as urinary albumin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To observe the effect of Zhi Qing Capsule on the plaque formation of hyperlipemia rabbits and to discuss its mechanism.Methods Forty-eight New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group,hyperlipemia group,Xuezhikang control group and three Zhi Qing capsule groups.Before and after 2-week treatment,the serum levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) in the serum were determined.After 4-week treatment,TC and TG contents in the liver,and nitric oxide(NO),thromboxan B2(TXB2) and endothelin-1(ET-1) levels in the serum were measured.At the end of the sixth week,all rabbits were killed to observe aorta pathological changes.Results Zhi Qing Capsule can obviously counteract the increase of serum TC,LDL-C and liver TC in the hyperlipemia rabbits,restrain the formation of aorta atherosclerotic plaques,increase the level of NO and decrease the levels of TXB2 and ET-1.Conclusion Zhi Qing Capsule has an evident effect on resisting the lipid metabolism disturbance and atherosclerosis.

AIM: To find the role of heat shock protein 90(HSP90) and tubulin in oxidative stress preconditioning in HepG2 cells.METHODS: The different doses of H2O2 were used to induce cell injury in HepG2 cells.MTT assay,Western blotting and confocal laser microscopy were also used.RESULTS: MTT colorimetry showed that preconditioning(50 mmo1/L H2O2) provided a temporary resistance against subsequent oxidative stress(500 mmol/L H2O2).Western blotting demonstrated that preconditioning increased the levels of HSP90 and tubulin in HepG2 cells,and lessen the declining of HSP90 and tubulin after stress.Tubulin and HSP90's colocalizations in cells with different doses of H2O2 were also observed under laser scanning confocal microscope.CONCLUSION: Tubulin might play important role in oxidative stress preconditioning in HepG2 cells by combining with HSP90.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Objective To study the clinical feature, diagnossis and therapy of open spinal cord injury. Methods A retrospective study was performed in 15 patients with open spinal cord injury including 14 males and one female, at age range of 15-46 years (mean 23 years). There were two patients with open cervical spinal cord injury, 11 with open thoracic spinal cord injury and two with open lumbar spinal cord injury. Injury causes included sharp knife injury in 12 patients, firearm injury in two and stick stabbing in one. According to ASIA scale, there was one patient at Grade A, two at Grade B, seven at Grade C, four at Grade D and one at Grade E preoperatively. Foreign bodies were found in the wound in four patients. There were three patients combined with spinous process fracture, eight with vertebral plate fracture and five with vertebral body fractures. All 15 patients were treated by emergency management including vertical canal exploration, hematoma debridement or foreign body removal. Results Postoperative complications included cerebrospinal fluid leakage in two patients and wound infection ( without spinal cord infection) in one. There were different degrees of neural functional recovery in five patients. The post-operation ASIA scale: one patient at Grade A, three at Grade C, 10 at Grade D and one at Grade E,with no patient at Grade B. Conclusions For open spinal cord injury, emergency operation is necessary under adequate preoperative preparation. Preoperative identification of foreign bodies, exploration and decompression are beneficial to spinal cord function recovery and reduction of the incidence rate of postoperative complications like infection or hemorrhage.

Objective To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Methods The clinical data of 114 200 inpatients from June 2002 to June 2008, including gender, age, smoking history, primary disease and risk factors, were reviewed. Results There were 1445(1.27%) cases with venous thromboembolism (VTE), while 1433(1. 25%) patients suffered from DVT and 153(0. 13%) patients suffered from PTE, 16(11. 11 %) patients were dead of PTE. Of all the DVT patients, there were 1348(94. 1%) cases with DVT of lower limbs with no significant difference between left or right lower limb (P>0. 05). There were 49(3.4%) cases with inferior vena cava, 23(1.6%) cases with cavitas pelvis veins and 13(0. 9%) cases with upper extremity veins. The peak ages of morbidity were between 51 to 60 years. Conclusions The incidence of VTE is increasing with ageing and there is no significant difference between males and females. The most common risk factors for thromboembolism include trauma, surgery, cardiac and pulmonary disease, age over 50 years, deep phlebitis, long-term smoking, cancer, pregnancy, childbirth, braking, history of VTE, etc. We may lower the incidence and mortality of VTE by strengthening prevention work according to the high risk factors.