Objective To test the predicative roles of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1( KIM-1 ) for acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. Methods Children from pediatric intensive care unit, were randomly divided into four groups:critically ill patients with AKI (group 1 ), critically ill patients with non-AKI (group 2) , chronic kidney disease group (group 3), healthy control group (group 4). 1.5 ml venous blood and urine specimens were collected and kept under-70°C. Serum creatinine , urine NGAL and urine KIM-1 were analyzed. Results Compared with group 2, group 3 and group 4, the urine NGAL and urine KIM-1 increases obviously in group 1 (P<0.05). There is no signiifcance of urine NGAL and urine KIM-1 between group2, group3 and group 4 (P>0.05). The concentration of urine NGAL increased more than 10 times of base-line level 2 days before the diagnosis of AKI under the Acute Kidney Injury Network standard with area under curve (AUC) 0.955 (P<0.05) , and the concentration of urine KIM-1 increased more than 5 times of base-line level 1 day before AKI with AUC 0.878 (P<0.05). The AUC was 0.984 (P<0.01) when they were combined. There is negative correlation between the increased times of urinary KIM-1, urinary NGAL and vally value of creatin clearance rate. Conclusions The concentrations of urine NGAL and urine KIM-1 are useful early biomarkers for predicting AKI, especially when they were combined.

Objective To analyze the long-term prognosis and prognostic factors of idiopathic collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and not otherwise specified FSGS in children. Methods The clinical, pathology and follow-up data of patients with idiopathic collapsing FSGS and not otherwise specified FSGS were analyzed retrospectively by Kaplan-Meier method, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results A total of 64 patients (29 idiopathic collapsing FSGS and 35 not otherwise specified FSGS) were diagnosed by renal biopsy. The 4-year renal survival rate of idiopathic collapsing FSGS and not otherwise specified FSGS were 48.3%, 74.3% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that the renal survival time were 25.41±3.28 months in idiopathic collapsing patients, and 35.53±2.73 months in not otherwise specified patients. The different is significant (χ2=4.07,P=0.044). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that poor treatment response (HR=5.92, P<0.05) and renal insufficiency at early stage (HR=2.45, P<0.05) were independent risk factors of prognosis. Conclusions Compared with patients with not otherwise specified FSGS, the renal survival time is shorter in idiopathic collapsing FSGS patients. Patients with renal insufficiency and poor response to treatment have poorer prognosis.

Objective To assess efficacy, infection rate and recurrence rate of tacrolimus prescribed in infants with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Method From August 2011 to August 2014, 22 cases of SRNS infants (treatment group) received oral tacrolinms treatment, 0.1 to 0.15 mg/ kg per day and once every 12 hours were enrolled in this retrospective longitudinal study and were compared with 23 cases infant SRNS (control group) treated with high-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Followed up for 1 year we analysed the data of proteinuria, lymphocyte count, proteinuria relapse and complication (infection, hyperglycemia) of the two groups’ patients at every point time. Results The pathology of the patients maintains of MCD, MsPGN, FSGS and IgM nephropathy so on. Follow-up to 6 months, the total remission rate 95.45% of treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group (60.87%). Follow-up to 6 months , 24 h urinary protein of the treatment group were respectively 67.88 mg/(kg·d) which were remarkably lower than base line [657.5 mg/(kg·d)], meanwhile which were obviously lower than the 6th month point of control group [305.55 mg/(kg·d)]. Lymphocyte counts had been done during the initial and the destination in the treatment group. Follow-up to 12 months, the CD4+ 795.16/uL, CD8+ 496.85/uL, CD19+ 358.23/uL had decreased observably than when at origin what was 2697.45/uL, 2265.63/uL, 1579.34/uL. Followed-up 1 year, the person-time of infection of treatment group existed superior to the control groups; The recurrence rate was 71.43% in treatment group, which compared with control groups (60.87%) without no significant difference. The treatment group with BG and CCr maintained stably. Conclusion Tacrolimus show its own advantages of reliable effect and less side-effect on the infant with steroid-resistant nephrotic symdrome associated with genes , but it could not lessen the relapse of the disease, and it′s long-term prognosis is still not very clear.

Objective To explore the effect of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(uNGAL) and urine interleukin-18(uIL-18) on the ill condition and prognosis in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) at inception of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH).Methods Children came from Department of Nephrology,PICU and health examination center in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center were divided into 4 groups:critically ill patients with AKI receiving CVVH group(group A),critically ill patients with non-AKI receiving CVVH group(group B),critically ill patients with AKI didn't recevie CVVH group(group C),and healthy control group(group D).Serum creatinine(SCr),uNGAL and uIL-18 in all patients were analyzed.Results The uNGAL in group A and group C [(161.56 ± 71.44) μg/L,(153.69 ±51.33) μg/L] increased obviously when compared with group B and group D [(33.50 ± l 0.76) μg/L,(16.37 ± 6.20) μg/L] (all P ＜ 0.05).The uIL-18 in group A and group C[(4.16 ±1.13) μg/L,(3.81 ± 1.05) μg/L] was higher than that in group B and group D [(0.25 ± 0.04) μg/L,(0.19 ± 0.15) μg/L] (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significance of uNGAL and uIL-18 between group B and group D(all P ＞ 0.05).The peak level of uNGAL[(241.76 ± 53.60) μg/L vs (196.32 ± 39.28) μg/L] and uIL-18[(5.15 ±0.78) μg/L vs (4.30 ±0.89) μg/L] in critically ill patients with AKI was higher in renal recoveries than in renal non-recoveries(P ＜0.05).The levels of uNGAL and uIL-18 critically ill patients at initiation of CVVH were higher in non-survivors when compared with survivors [(213.50 ± 104.78) μg/L vs (79.91 ± 55.81) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05],[(4.48 ± 2.32) μg/L vs (1.94 ± 1.88) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].The levels of uNGAL and uIL-18 of critically ill patients with AKI at initiation of CVVH were higher in non-survivors than in survivors [(256.99 ± 49.33) μg/Lvs (127.11 ±38.99) μg/L,P＜0.05],[(5.48±0.67) μg/Lvs (3.65 ±0.98) μg/L,P＜0.05].The levels of uNGAL and uIL-18 at the first diagnosis time of AKI were higher in non-survivors than in survivors (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions uNGAL and urine IL-18 at commencement of CVVH predicts short-term prognosis in critically ill patients with AKI.uNGAL and urine IL-18 can be as a prognostic value in the prediction of the need for renal replacement therapy initiation or mortality in critically ill patients with AKI.