Adequate supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) is of great importance for neonates, especially preterm infants. In particular,
Fatty Acids ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature

Epidemiological studies in the last 40 years suggest that omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish and fish oil decrease the risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension and stroke, and their complications. The beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids include effects on lipids, blood pressure, cardiac and vascular function, eicosanoids, coagulation, and immunological responses. However, not all population studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids are associated with reduced rates of coronary mortality. Such studies suffer either from small numbers of subjects or the population already had a high intake of fish. When comparing the highest intake of fish to that of the lowest fish intake, the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids have been shown. In population-based case-control studies, the patients consuming modest amounts of fish, the equivalent of one fatty fish meal per week, had a significant lower risk of primary cardiac arrest compared with those who did not eat fish at all. In case-control studies, the intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid as reflected in adipose tissue content is inversely associated with risk of myocardial infarction.
Fishes ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Risk ; control ; Cardio-

Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Humans

Resolution of inflammation plays an important part in maintaining homeostasis. It is an actively programmed progress involving multiple immune cells and mediators. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) derived from Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids include resolvins, protectins and maresins, and they exert abilities in the resolution of inflammation, host defense, organ protection, and tissue generation. Periodontitis is an inflammatory and destructive disease in the periodontal tissue initiated by dental plaque. Inadequate proinflammatory or proresolving responses, or the imbalance between the two, may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Studies have shown that activating specialized receptors SPMs displayed multiple biological effects towards periodontitis, including resolution of inflammation, alveolar bone protection, periodontal tissue regeneration, and pathogen resistance. Thus, the relationship between SPM and periodontitis and the potentials and challenges in SPM application were reviewed.
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Inflammation Mediators ; Periodontitis

Background and Objectives: Pruritus is a common and disabling symptom affecting as much as 50-90% of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing dialysis. The pruritus experienced by these patients is often resistant to common anti-pruritic agents and has an overall negative impact on quality of life. With its antioxidant property and anti-inflammatory effects, omega-3 fatty acids have been used to alleviate pruritus. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in reducing the severity of pruritus among dialytic CKD patients. Methods: Various electronic databases were searched from inception to August 2022. Randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of omega-3 fatty acids versus placebo on the pruritus scores were included. The studies were independently assessed by three reviewers. Revman version 5.4 was used to analyze the data extracted from the studies while heterogeneity was evaluated using Chi2 and I2. Results: A total of four studies with a population of 166 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results show an overall beneficial effect of omega-3 fatty acids with a standardized mean difference of -1.40 (CI -1.74 to -1.05, Z=7.95, p value <0.00001). With a Chi2 of 2.91 (p=0.41) and I2 of 0%, there was no significant heterogeneity observed in the pooled analysis. Conclusion Overall, the results of the meta-analysis support the finding that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may have a beneficial effect on reducing the severity of pruritus among CKD patients on dialysis.
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Pruritus

Menopause is a turning point in women that is based on the sex hormone change. Many women are very conscious about the postmenopausal period. After menopause, women complain about vasomotor symptoms, night sweat, psychological problems, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and urogenital symptoms. Nowadays, food and alternative treatment for postmenopausal symptoms are introduced. The average life span is now increasing, and postmenopausal care is important for public health. Long chain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are known as essential fatty acids, however, all mammals, including humans, should obtain them from their diet. Omega-3 fatty acids have emerged as an adjuvant and alternative source for relieving postmenopusal complains or disease. Among alternative treatment or food behavior change for postmenopusal symptoms, we will review the current issues on the relationship between the role and the effect of omega-3 fatty acids in relieving postmenopausal symptoms.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diet ; Fatty Acids, Essential ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 ; Female ; Humans ; Mammals ; Menopause ; Osteoporosis ; Postmenopause ; Public Health ; Sweat

Essential fatty acids are those that could not be synthesized by the body itself but crucial for health and life. Studies have shown that ω-3 fatty acids may facilitate human physiological functions. Mammals lack ω-3 desaturase gene, and the Δ15 fatty acid desaturase (Δ15 Des) from Caenorhabditis elegans can transform the ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into ω-3 PUFAs. Transgenic mice expressing Δ15 Des enzyme activity was constructed by using a PiggyBac transposon (PB). Homozygous transgenic mice with stable inheritance was bred in a short time, with a positive rate of 35.1% achieved. The mice were fed with 6% ω-6 PUFAs and the changes of fatty acids in mice were detected by gas chromatography (GC). The expression level of Δ15 Des in mice was detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting (WB). qPCR and GC analysis revealed that the percentage of positive mice harboring the active gene was 61.53%. Compared with traditional methods, the transformation efficiency and activity of Δ15 Des were significantly improved, and homozygotes showed higher activity than that of heterozygotes. This further verified the efficient transduction efficiency of the PiggyBac transposon system.
Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics* ; Fatty Acid Desaturases/genetics* ; Fatty Acids ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We examined dietary fat intake and the major food sources by young children in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 1,041 children aged 1–5 years were identified from the 2013–2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data on total fat and fatty acid intake were obtained by a single 24-h dietary recall. Food sources were identified based on the amounts of total fat and fatty acids consumption according to each food. Fat and fatty acid intakes and their food sources were presented by age group (1–2-y, n = 401; 3–5-y, n = 640). Fat and fatty acid intakes were also evaluated according to socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS: The mean intake of fat was 27.1 ± 0.8 g in the 1-2-y group and 35.5 ± 0.7 g in the 3-5-y group, and about 23% of the total energy was obtained from fat in both age groups. The mean intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was 10.5 ± 0.3 g in the 1-2-y group and 12.7 ± 0.3 g in the 3-5-y group, with the 1-2-y group obtaining more energy from SFA than the 3-5-y group (9.2% vs. 8.3%). The mean intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was 6.3 ± 0.1 g in the total subjects, with 0.8 ± 0.03 g of n-3 fatty acids and 5.5 ± 0.1 g of n-6 fatty acids being consumed. Milk, pork, and eggs were major food sources of total fat, SFA, and monounsaturated fatty acids, and soybean oil was the main contributor to PUFA in both age groups. In the 1-2-y group, children in rural areas had significantly higher intake of PUFA and n-3 fatty acids than did those in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide current information on dietary fat intake among young Korean children and could be used to establish dietary strategies for improvement of health status.
Child* ; Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Dietary Fats ; Eggs ; Fatty Acids* ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Humans ; Korea* ; Milk ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Ovum ; Red Meat ; Soybean Oil

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effect of manganese on lipid peroxidation and compositional changes of fatty acids in hippocampus of rat brain. METHODS: Seven rats in experimental group were given with MnCl2 intraperitoneally for 4 weeks (4 mg/kg once daily, 5 days per week). Twenty four hours after the last injection, rats were decapitated and, hippocampus were separated from the rat brain. RESULT: In Mn-treated group, manganese concentrations increased significantly in the hippocampus by 222% compared with control group (P<0.01). MDA concentrations increased significantly by 149% compared with control group (P<0.05). Among fatty acids, total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) increased significantly by 237% compared with control group (P<0.05). Linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acids (AA) increased by 213%, 238% (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively). Among n-3 PUFAs except linolenic acids, eicosapentanoic acid(EPA) and docosahexanoic acids (DHA) decreased significantly by 70%, 50% respectively compared with control group (both P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that manganese may cause compositional changes of fatty acids in hippocampus of rat brain. Characteristics of fatty acids compositional changes by manganese were the decrease of EPAs and DHAs (n-3 PUFAs), and increase of AA and LA (n-6 PUFAs). These changes with the increase of MDA, suggest that manganese neurotoxicity is caused by lipid peroxidation.
alpha-Linolenic Acid ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acid ; Arachidonic Acids ; Brain* ; Fatty Acids* ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Hippocampus* ; Linoleic Acid ; Linolenic Acids ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Malondialdehyde ; Manganese* ; Rats*

Notwithstanding recent advances in the field of treatment of rheumatic diseases, patients still have a significant interest in complementary and alternative medicine for various reasons. The purpose of this review is to investigate the effect of certain dietary components or folk medicines on the pathogenesis or outcome of rheumatic diseases. The data used in the study were mainly selected from the references searched by MEDLINE. Among the variety of dietary components and folk medicines investigated, omega-3 fatty acid, alcohol, and vitamin D showed negative correlation with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Specifically, omega-3 fatty acids appeared to be somewhat helpful for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Although some of the items showed a positive effect through this study, it failed to establish definitive evidence for the overall effect of diet and folk medicines in rheumatic diseases. In the future, further understanding of mechanisms and clinical utility should be acquired through numerous systematic and scientific research studies.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Complementary Therapies ; Diet* ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Humans ; Medicine, Traditional ; Rheumatic Diseases* ; Vitamin D