Backgrounds: Renal ischemia/reperfusion (RIR) is a major cause of kidney dysfunction in clinic. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-conditioning ischemia (IPC) and zinc (Zn) supplementation on renal RIR injury. Methods: A total of 63 unilateral nephrectomised male and female Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Group 1 (ShOPR): Rats as sham-operated group were subjected to surgical procedure without RIR. Group 2 (Isch): Rats underwent RIR (left kidney ischemia for 30 min followed by 48 h reperfusion). Group 3 (Zn+Isch): Rats were treated as group 2 but they received Zn sulphate (30 mg/kg) 1 h before induction of RIR. Group 4 (IPC+Isch): Rats were treated as group 2 but they underwent 1 min of ischemia followed by 3 min reperfusion as IPC, which was repeated for three times before induction of RIR. Group 5 (Zn+IPC+Isch): Rats were subjected to receive both Zn sulphate and IPC before induction of RIR. Urine samples were collected in the last 6 h of reperfusion, and finally biochemical and histological measurements were performed. Results: The serum level of creatinine (Cr), normalised kidney weight (KW) and kidney tissue damage score (KTDS) increased by RIR alone significantly (P < 0.05). These parameters were attenuated statistically by Zn supplementation (P < 0.05). However, IPC alone or cotreatment of Zn and IPC did not improve the biochemical and histological markers altered by RIR injury. Conclusion: Zn supplementation had a protective role against RIR while such protective effect was not observed by IPC alone or by co-treatment of Zn and IPC.

Objective: The purpose of this randomized control trial study was to understand the effects of happiness training by Fordyce method on life expectancy in patient’s candidates for heart surgery. This study was conducted on 66 patients who were candidates for heart surgery referred to Heshmat Heart Hospital in Rasht. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=34) and control (n=32) via blocked randomized method. The instrument included a standard Miller questionnaire. The intervention method of Fordyce Happiness Model was implemented via face-to-face sessions within 7 days before surgery every day for 20 to 30 minutes. Data analysis was conducted, based on the results obtained before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean life expectancy score (p=0.643). Life expectancy score after the intervention in the case group was significantly higher than the control group (p=0.032). The findings of this study indicate that Fordyce happiness training can effect on life expectancy in patients undergoing heart surgery.