1.The Effects of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves Aqueous Extract on Sperm of Sprague Dawley Rats towards Early Embryogenesis
The International Medical Journal Malaysia 2019;18(2):59-68
Introduction: Oxidative stress induced by excessive and unopposed levels of reactive oxygen species in
male reproductive system results in impaired sperm quality, fertilization capacity and poor embryo
development. Our goal is to assess the potential effects of Aquilaria malaccensis (AM) leaves, a plant with
strong antioxidant property on early embryo development in vitro and embryo quality following fertilization
with cyclophosphamide (CP) exposed rat sperm. Materials and Methods: Twenty four male Sprague Dawley
rats were allocated into eight groups of three rats (n = 3): control, CP only (200 mg/kg), AM only (100 mg/kg,
300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) and CP + AM (100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg). Animals were sacrificed
after 63 days of treatment and sperm from caudal epididymis were taken for in vitro fertilization (IVF) with
oocytes from untreated female. Fertilization, embryo division and embryo morphology were examined at 8
and 48 hours post insemination and compared between groups. Statistical evaluations were performed using
Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test and p-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Administration
of AM leave extract at 100 mg/kg/day to normal rats and CP-exposed rats has significantly increased (p<0.05)
the fertilization rate, early cleavage rate and embryo quality when compared to CP only treated group.
However, other groups showed no significant differences. Conclusion: Overall, the present results indicate
the potential of AM leave extract supplementation to improve the fertility and early embryo development in
male rat exposed to CP by inhibiting the oxidative processes and scavenging free radicals.
2.Sex estimation using subpubic angle from reconstructed three-dimensional computed tomography pelvic model in a contemporary Malaysian population
Siti Hanum Mohd ALI ; Normaliza OMAR ; Mohamed Swarhib SHAFIE ; Nik Azuan Nik ISMAIL ; Helmi HADI ; Faridah Mohd NOR
Anatomy & Cell Biology 2020;53(1):27-35
Research in forensic anthropology is recent in Malaysia due to limited access to documented skeletal collections. However, advanced imaging techniques provide virtual bone samples for use in morphometric studies to establish population-specific standards by virtual anthropology. This study examined sexual dimorphism in the subpubic angle using a three-dimensional computed tomography model of the pelvis, in a contemporary Malaysian population. The sample comprised multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scans of 50 male and 50 female adults. Segmentation of the MDCT scans was performed using 3D Slicer, and four landmarks were acquired using Stratovan Checkpoint for the subpubic angle measurement. The technical error of measurement (TEM), relative TEM, and coefficient of reliability (R) exhibited high reliability in measurements. Results showed that the subpubic angle in males was 68.6°±7.6° and in females 87.4°±6.5°. The subpubic angle in females was significantly larger than in males (P<0.001). Inverse correlation was found between the subpubic angle and age, in both males (r=–0.449, P<0.01) and females (r=–0.385, P<0.01). The overall accuracy of sex estimation using the subpubic angle was 94% (P<0.001). The subpubic angle, with a demarcating point of 78.6°, showed a sensitivity and specificity of 94% in the classification of female individuals. In conclusion, sex estimation using the subpu bic angle is highly accurate, with a high degree of expected sensitivity and specificity in the Malaysian population.
3.Assessment of Reticulocyte-haemoglobin Equivalent (Ret-He) as a Diagnostic Indicator for Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Noor Amalia Bakri ; Eusni Rahayu Mohd Tohit ; Faridah Idris ; Rusmawati Ismail
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2020;16(Supp 9, November):58-63
Introduction: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common cause of anaemia. The diagnosis of IDA, however, remains a challenge and is a problem worldwide. Serum iron study is commonly used for IDA diagnosis but there are some limitations. This study was conducted to evaluate reticulocyte-haemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) as a screening tool for IDA diagnosis in adults. Method: This is a comparative case control study conducted in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan consisting of adult patients with iron deficiency anaemia and a healthy control group. Haematological parameters (Hb, RBC count, MCV, MCH, RDW) inclusive of Ret-He and serum iron parameters (serum iron, transferrin saturation and serum ferritin) were measured. Correlation between Ret-He with other haematological and serum iron parameters were analysed. Results: There were 103 IDA adult patients with majority of them being female (85.4%) with median age of 36 years old. Malay ethnicity (79.6%) contributed to the larger proportion of adult IDA patients. The Ret-He value for patient and control groups were 16.50 ± 4.90 pg and 34.80 ± 1.97 pg, respectively. Ret-He was 89.32% sensitive and 100% specific with 100% positive predictive value (PPV) and 73.11% negative predictive value (NPV) when compared to transferrin saturation. There was significant correlation between Hb, MCH, MCV, RDW and serum iron, transferrin saturation and serum ferritin parameters with Ret-He. Conclusion: Ret-He together with a complete blood count, may serve as an alternative to the serum iron parameters for screening of IDA in adults.
4.Ameliorative Effects of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves Aqueous Extract on Reproductive Toxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Male Rats
Redzuan Nul Hakim Abdul Razak ; Faridah Ismail ; Muhammad Lokman MD Isa ; Azantee Yazmie Abdul Wahab ; Hussin Muhammad ; Roszaman Ramli ; Raja Arif Shah Raja Ismail
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2019;26(1):44-57
Background: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used anti-neoplastic and
immunosuppressive agent that is associated with adverse side effects including reproductive
toxicity. Aquilaria malaccensis (AM) is a traditional medicinal plant which was reported to exhibit
high anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging properties. The present study was aimed to evaluate
the protective effects of AM leaves extract on sperm quality following toxic exposure to CP.
Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into eight groups of six
rats (n = 6): control, CP only (200 mg kg−1), AM only (100 mg kg−1, 300 mg kg−1 and 500 mg kg−1)
and CP + AM (100 mg kg−1, 300 mg kg−1 and 500 mg kg−1). Animals were sacrificed after 63 days of
treatment and the sperm from the caudal epididymis was taken for sperm analysis.
Results: The body and the reproductive organs weight, sperm count and motility did not
differ between CP and other groups (P > 0.05). A significant increase (P < 0.05) in percentage of the
dead and abnormal sperm were seen in the CP alone treated group compared to the control group.
Co-administration of AM to the CP exposed rats significantly reduced the (P < 0.05) percentage of
abnormal sperm as compared to the CP only group.
Conclusion: Overall, the present results represent the potential of AM to protect against
CP induced reproductive toxicity.