Objective To explore the efficacy of postoperative transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and portal vein chemotherapy (PVC) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients complicated with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). Methods One hundred and eleven HCC patients with PVTT were randomly divided into three groups receiving respectively tumor resection only ( group A) , resection plus TACE ( group B) , and resection plus TACE and PVC ( group C). Results (1) Group B had significantly lower recurrence rates at 0. 5- and 1-year, and higher survival rates at 0. 5-year compared with group A (P