Objectives: To assess the feasibility and stability of right ventricular outflow tract (ROVT) pacing under current technology by comparing the results of ROVT pacing with the traditional right ventricular apex (RVA) pacing. Methods: A total of 42 patients (at mean age of 63.5±10.4 years) without structural heart disease were randomly divided into two groups. RVA pacing group (n=14),and RVOT pacing group(n=28). An active fixation lead was implanted in all patients whose pacemaker could automatically measure the pacing threshold every day. The operation time,X-ray exposure time and lead parameters detected during the operation were collected to evaluate the feasibility of RVOT pacing. The complications related to lead and implantation procedure and the trend of threshold change during the follow-up time were used to assess the stability of RVOT pacing.Results: There were no statistic differences between RVA pacing group and RVOT pacing group in terms of operation time,X-ray exposure time and lead parameters. In RVOT group,the change of threshold during acute period was similar to those in RVA group (P=0.23). Chronic pacing threshold was also comparable between two groups,mean threshold at 6 months follow-up time was 0.55±0.11V and 0.54±0.09V at 0.4 pulse width in RVA group and RVOT group respectively (P=0.787).Conclusion: RVOT pacing was feasible and stable in operation time and lead characteristics compared with the conventional RVA pacing under current pacing technology.

AIM:To investigate whether propofol can alter the pulmonary inflammation induced by severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)in rats during its early period.METHODS:Seventy-two adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into nine groups with 8 animals in each group:sham group,SAP 30,60,120,360 min groups and propofol treatment 30,60,120,360 min groups.The preparation of SAP were induced by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct of rats.And the treatment groups received propofol with doses of 150 ?g?kg-1?min-1 injected continually immediately in vena caudalis after the preparation of ASP were made.Rats were sacrificed at different time points,and the level of AMY and LIP,the wet dry weight ratio(W/D)of pulmonary and pancreatic tissue,the pathological change of pulmonary and pancreatic tissue were examined.RESULTS:Water content and pathological score of pulmonary tissue were decreased significantly within 360 minutes after reproduction of SAP were received propofol(both P0.05).CONCLUSION:propofol can alleviate pulmonary inflammation induced by severe acute pancreatitis in its early period.But propofol can not alleviate the injury of pancreatitis tissue.

In order to provide the maximum benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), we tried to use an echocardiography method to optimize the atrioventricular and interventricular delay. Methods The study included 6 patients who underwent implantation of biventricular pacemakers for drug-resistant heart failure. Two-dimensional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging were carried out before and after the pacemaker implantation. The optimal AV delay was defined as the AV delay resulting in maximum timevelocity integral (TVI) of transmitral filling flow, the longest left ventricular filling time (LVFT) and the minimum mitral regurgitation(MR). The optimal VV delay was defined as the VV delay producing the maximum LV synchrony and the largest aortic TVI. Results CRT was successfully performed in all patients. After pacemaker implantation, an acute improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was observed from 26.5% to 35%. Meanwhile, the QRS duration decreased from 170ms to 150ms. The optimal AV delay was programmed at 130, 120, 120, 120, 150 and 110ms respectively with heart rate corrected, LVFT significantly lengthened and TVI of MR decreased (non-optimal vs optimal AV delay: LVFT: 469ms vs 523ms; TVI of MR: 16.43cm vs 13.06cm, P＜0.05). The optimal VV delay was programmed at 4, 4, 4, 8, 12 and 8ms with LV preactivation respectively. Programming the optimal VV delay increased the aortic TVI from 17.33cm up to 21.42cm (P＜0.05). In the septal and lateral wall, peak systolic velocities improved from2.70cm/s to 3.02cm/s (P＞0.05) and froml.31cm/s to 2.50cm/s (P＜0.05) respectively. The septal-to-lateral delay in peak velocity improved from 56.4ms to 13.3ms after CRT (P＜0.01). Conclusions Optimization of AV and VV delays may further enhance the efficacy of CRT. However, there was interindividual variability of optimal values, warranting individual patient examination.

Background and objectives Right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing has been reported impairing left ventricular (LV)performance. Alternative pacing sites in right ventricle (RV) has been explored to obtain better cardiac function. Our study was designed to compare the hemodynamic effects of right ventricular septal (RVS) pacing with RVA pacing. Methods Ten elderly patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and long RR interval or slow ventricular response (VR) received VVI pacing. The hemodynamic difference between RVS and RVA pacing were examined by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Results Pacing leads were implanted successfully at the RVA and then RVS in all patients without complication. The left ventricular (LV) parameters,measured during RVA pacing including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), FS, stroke volume (SV) and peak E wave velocity (EV) were decreased significantly compared to baseline data, while during RVS pacing, they were significantly better than those during RVA pacing. However, after 3-6 weeks there was no statistical significant difference between pre- and post- RVS pacing.Conclusions The LV hemodynamic parameters during RVA pacing were significantly worse than baseline data. The short term LV hemodynamic parameters of RVS pacing were significantly better than those of RVA pacing; RVS pacing could improve the hemodynamic effect through maintaining normal ventricular activation sequence and biventricular contraction synchrony in patients with chronic AF and slow ventricular response.

Objective To evaluate the direct economic loss due to surgical site infection(SSI)from a medical eco-nomics perspective,and provide basis for health administrative departments to make strategies.Methods SSI in pa-tients undergoing breast,stomach and colorectal operation between March 2008 and February 2010 were selected for 1∶1 case-control study,patients with SSI were as SSI group,without SSI during the same period were as control group,difference in medical expense and length of stay between two groups were compared,economic loss due to SSI was evaluated.Results A total of 1 523 operation cases were investigated,75(4.92%)developed SSI.69 effec-tive pairings were obtained.Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed that difference in medical expense between two groups was statistically significant(Z =6.586,P <0.001),the median of average medical expense of SSI group was 6 828.60 yuan higher than control group,all kinds of medical expense in SSI group were all higher than control group;the median length of stay of SSI group was 10 days longer than that of control group (Z = 5.939,P <0.001).Conclusion SSI can prolong hospitalization,increase medical expense,decrease bed turnover rate,and in-fluence economic income and medical quality.

Objective To study the factors influencing the outcome of patients suffering from in-hospital ventricular fibriUation (IHVF), as there have been few studies focusing on this topic. Methods Patients with IHVF collected in a single cardiac center were classified into a successful group and a failure group. Data relevant to the predicting factors of the two groups were compared. Results There were 206 events in the analysis. The most common underlining disease was coronary artery disease (CAD), especially acute myocardial infarction (AMI). On multiple logistic regression analysis, it was shown that the independent predictors for failure of defebriUation were higher NYHA class (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2. 2,P <0.001), higher blood potassium level (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.9-4.3, P =0.007) and adrenaline usage (OR 25.0, 95% CI 11.5-55. 1, P <0.001). In a AMI sub-group, 56. 9% of the IHVF events occurred within the first day of AMI, and the occurrence descended with time going on within 2 weeks. Before the occurrence of IHVF, the patients with right coronary artery as the infarction related artery (IRA) often suffered from(8/9, 88.9%) bradycardia (R-R interval > 1 s), but those with left anterior descending artery as IRA often showed (8/12, 66.7%) tachycardia (RR interval < 0.6 s). Conclusions The common disease causing IHVF is CAD. The worse the heart function, the higher the rate of IHVF and the worse theprognosis. It IHVF not induced by hypokalemia and use of adrenaline in resuscitation predict lower successful defibrillation rate.

Chemotherapy completion rate can reflect the tolerance and compliance of patients to chemotherapy. Poor tolerance may result in delay or suspension of the comprehensive treatment plan, thus affect the efficacy of cancer treatment. Evaluating methods to improve the completion rate of chemotherapy and reduce the occurrence of delayed chemotherapy has gained increasing attention and is the significant area of study in the field of cancer treatment. Studies have shown that Chinese medicine combined with chemotherapy could improve the quality of life in patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

OBJECTIVETo analyze the unipolar electrogram from successful and unsuccessful ablation sites of focal atrial tachycardia (AT), and to evaluate its value in the identification of successful targets.

METHODSFifteen consecutive patients with focal AT were referred for radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Both unipolar (from the tip electrode of ablating catheter) and bipolar (from the distal pair of electrode of ablating catheter) electrograms were used to identify the ablation targets of focal AT.

RESULTSSuccessful ablation was echieved in 14 patients. Radiofrequency energy was delivered at a total of 27 sites. The bipolar electrograms associated with successful ablation sites showed earlier atrial deflection relative to P wave onset (36 ms +/- 15 ms vs 30 ms +/- 11 ms, P < 0.05) than the electrograms associated with failed ablation sites. At the 14 successful ablation sites, the unipolar electrograms displayed a completely negative atrial wave ("QS" morphology) beginning with intrinsic deflection. However, at the 13 unsuccessful ablation sites, a "rS" morphology of atrial wave was shown on the unipolar electrogram.

CONCLUSIONThe "QS" morphology of the atrial wave on unipolar electrograms appears to represent a reliable marker for identifying the successful ablation targets of focal AT, with a high sensitivity and specificity.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Child ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tachycardia ; diagnosis ; surgery

Parkinson′s disease is the second major neurodegenerative disease with increasing incidence and population in China in recent years. Its diagnosis and treatment are difficult and there is no cure at present, which brings a heavy burden to the families of the patients and society. An accurate diagnosis of Parkinson′s disease is a prerequisite for treatment. The current diagnosis is mainly dependent on clinical symptoms. According to the diagnostic criteria in China, the diagnosis of Parkinson′s disease needs to go through the diagnosis of Parkinsonism and Parkinson′s disease. In addition, when the diagnosis of Parkinson′s disease is difficult, there are a number of ancillary tests that can be effective in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of atypical Parkinson disease. With the progress of diagnostic technology, the diagnosis of Parkinson′s disease will become more standardized, intelligent and professional.

Cognitive impairment is one of the most common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson′s disease, which is mainly related to abnormal protein deposition in related brain regions, impaired synaptic function, various transmitter system disorders and neuroimmune abnormalities. The incidence of Parkinson′s disease is relatively high, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and imposes a heavy burden on society and families. At present, there are some early diagnostic markers in cerebrospinal fluid, peripheral fluid, gene and neuroimaging, which can be used for early warning and early recognition of cognitive impairment in Parkinson′s disease. Early warning and early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in Parkinson′s disease should be emphasized, and certain intervention and treatment can be carried out if necessary. Meanwhile, prospective, multicenter and large-sample high-quality clinical studies on cognitive impairment in Parkinson′s disease are needed urgently.