Objective To investigate the expression of apelin and its recoptor (APJ) in myocardium in insulin-resistant CIR rats with myocardial ischemia.Methods Totally 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:IR group,IR+ischemia group,the control group (n=8 each).Rats in IR and IR+ischemia groups were fed with the high fat diet.Rats in control group were given the basic diet.The rat model of insulin resistance was assessed by fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting insulin (Fins) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR).The rat model of myocardial ischemia was conducted by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline 1 mg/kg per day in IR+ ischemia group.The other groups were injected an equal volume of saline.The expression levels of apelin and APJ mRNA in myocardium were determined by real-time-PCR.The positive expression of apelin polypeptide was detected by immunochemistry.Results Compared with the control group,the apelin average optical density was increased in IR group and was decreased in IR+ ischemia group [(0.16±0.004) vs.(0.13±0.005),(0.10±0.002) vs.(0.13±0.0050),both P＜0.05].There was a significant difference in apelin average optical density between IR group and IR+ischemia group [(0.16± 0.004) vs.(0.10±0.002),P＜0.05].Compared with the control group,the relative expression of apelin mRNA was increased in IR group [(5.89±0.36) vs.(4.40±0.24),P＜0.05]The relative expression of apelin mRNA was decreased in IR± ischemia group as compared with IR group [(2.66 ± 0.17) vs.(5.89 ± 0.36),P ＜ 0.05].The APJ mRNA relative expression was increased in IR group as compared with control group and was decreased in IR+ ischemia group as compared with IR group [(10.46±1.06) vs.(6.54±0.63),(3.31±0.31) vs.(10.46±1.06),both P＜0.05].Conclusions The expressions of apelin and APJ are inhibited in insulin-resistant rats with myocardial ischemia,which attenuates their protective effects on myocardium.

Objective To study the characteristics of clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in patients less than 50 years-old of premature stable coronary heart disease(PSCHD)complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver(NAFL).Methods One hundred and six patients with documented PSCHD were recruited into this study and their clinical data,including biochemical parameters,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP),white blood cell(WBC)count,ete.,were analyzed based on whether they had NAFL by B-type ultrasound scanning and their homeostasis model assessment ratio(Homa-IR)by the criteria for metabolic syndrome formulated by the International Diabetes Federation.Results Thirty-two (30.1percent)of 106 patients of PSCHD complicated with NAFL,and 74(69.9 percent)without NAFL. As compared to patients without NAFL,patients with NAFL had higher fasting blood glucose(FBS),serum level of insulin(INS),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),serum activity of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),hsCRP,WBC count,body mass index(BMI),Homa-IR,and higher proportion of those with abnormal blood glucose,hypertension.metabolic syndrome(MS)and carotid atherosclerosis (CA)(P＜0.05),respectively.Bi-variate correlation analysis revealed that hsCRP positively correlated to BMI,TG,ALT and Homa IR(r=0.420,P=0.000;r=0.200,P=0.040;r=0.218,P=0.048:and r=0.546,P=0.000,respectively)and inversely correlated with serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(r=-0.220,P=0.023).WBC count positively correlated with FBS(r=0.211,P=0.030).BMI,hsCRP,ALT,and proportions of hypertension,diabetes,MS,NAFL and CA in patients with Homa-IR above median were significantly higher than those in patients with that below median ( P＜0.05,respectively).Conclusions More risk faetors for chronic inflammatory reaction,cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance were clustered more obviously in patients of PSCHD complicated with NAFL.

Objective To synthesize and identify artificial antigens of lung elastin degradation peptide and for the purpose of preparation of COPD test.Methods The artificial antigens were synthesized by Sulfo-SMCC and KLH.The complete antigens were identified by ultraviolet spectrum and SDS-PAGE.Immunize Balb/c mice was used to prepare antibody.The antiserum activity was evaluated by indirect competitive ELISA.Results The artificial antigens were identified by ultraviolet spectrum and SDS-PAGE. The protein concentration was 1.181 mg/mL.The titer of antiserum was 1∶64 000,and IC50 was 13.7 ng/mL.The antiserum had no cross-reaction with nonsense peptide.Conclusion The artificial antigens were acquired successfully,which had good immunoge-nicity.The results have laid basis for COPD test.

Objective To observe the influence of the short effect antihypertension drugs- nifedipine and medial effect antihypertension drugs- extended release nifedipine on the blood pressure variability (BPV) in essential hypertension(EH). Methods Twenty-five EH patients were underwent 24-hour noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and observed their BPV respectively before taking drugs, after taking nifedipine and extended release nifedipine. Meantime,25 normotensive controls (NC) were observed. Results (1)BPV in EH group was higher than that in controlled group and the severer the rise of blood pressure, the more obvious the increase of BPV (P 0.05). Conclusions Nifedipine could increase BPV but extended release nifedipine did not change BPV while they decreased blood pressure. Effect of extended release nifedipine was better than nifedipine in decreasing blood pressure.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of micro-elements fertilizers on the quality and yields of Artemisia annua.

METHODField experiments were conducted according to the method of random blocks design. After the harvest the yield was calculated and the content of artemisinin was determined.

RESULTBy applying 0.1%-0.5% Mn and 0.1%-0.5% Zn the dried leaf output and artemisinin content were increased.

CONCLUSIONThe suitable ranges of Mn and Zn can increased the yield and artemisinin content of A. annua.

Artemisia annua ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Artemisinins ; metabolism ; Boron ; pharmacology ; Manganese ; pharmacology ; Zinc ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo breed and spread a new cultivar of Artemisia annua.

METHODThe excellent germplasm resources of A. annua in the main production area of Artemisia were collected, and the improved germplasm were screened, the content of artemisinin was determined, and yield per plant was measured. The systematically maternal line and seed production techniques of mass selection were applied combined with the variety test, variety regional test trials and production trials for breeding and spreading the new cultivars of artemisia.

RESULTThe popularization and experiment illustrated the production of the new species reached 3 000 kg x hm(-2), compared with wild A. annua it increased 10% -14%. The content of artemisinin reached more than 1%, increased more than 0.2%.

CONCLUSIONIt is proved that the systematically maternal line and seed production techniques of mass selection can significantly improve the quality of A. annua and it is an acceptable way to cultivate new variety. By production verification, it is practicable and high technical and economic benefits to popularize the new cultivar "Yu-Qing No. 1" of A. annua.

Antimalarials ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Artemisia annua ; chemistry ; genetics ; growth & development ; Artemisinins ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Breeding ; methods

Objective:To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of wound pathogenic microorganisms in outpatients of wound healing center so as to provide a basis for the standardized construction of wound healing centers.Methods:A retrospective case series study was used to analyzed the data of 365 outpatients treated at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from December 2017 to October 2019. There were 220 males and 145 females, aged (58.8±18.9)years (range, 18-98 years). The patients included 92 first-visit patients and 273 re-visit patients. The culture results (positive rate of pathogenic microorganisms, bacterial species, bacterial distribution) and drug sensitivity results of the wound secretions were compared and analyzed.Results:(1) Among 365 samples of wound secretions, 198 patients were positive for pathogenic microorganisms with a positive rate of 54.3%. A total of 107 strains (51.0%) of Gram-positive bacteria were detected, mainly Staphylococcus aureus (70 strains, 33.3%); 95 strains (45.2%) of Gram-negative bacteria were detected, mainly Escherichia coli (20 strains, 9.5%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17 strains, 8.1%); 8 strains (3.8%) of fungi were detected. (2) A total of 26 (28.3%) first-visit patients were positive for pathogenic microorganisms, and 172 (63.0%) re-visit patients were positive for pathogenic microorganisms. The rate of positive microorganism detection had significant differences between first-visit and re-visit patients ( P<0.05). (3) A total of 29 strains were detected in first-visit patients, including 16 strains (55.2%) of Gram-positive bacteria, 11 strains (37.9%) of Gram-negative bacteria and 2 strains (6.9%) of fungi. A total of 181 strains were detected in re-visit patients, including 91 strains (50.3%) of Gram-positive bacteria, 84 strains (46.4%) of Gram-negative bacteria and 6 strains (3.3%) of fungi. The microbial distribution was significantly different between first-visit and re-visit patients ( P<0.05). (4) Compared with first-visit patients, the resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the re-visit patients to spenicillin, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, clindamycin, moxifloxacin, erythromycin, and levofloxacin were increased variably. No vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was detected, indicating that the staphylococcus aureus presented in the wound was highly sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusions:Staphylococcus aureus is the most common microorganism in wound secretions in outpatients of wound healing center. The rate of positive pathogenic microorganisms in wound secretions of re-visit patients is significantly higher than that of first-visit patients, and the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms of first-visited and revisited patients differs significantly. The Staphylococcus aureus detected in re-visit patients has a higher resistance to common antibiotics compared with first-visit patients. It is suggested that timely detection of pathogenic microorganisms in outpatients and effective control and supervision of outpatient infections are important contents that cannot be ignored in the construction of wound healing center.

OBJECTIVE To explore standardized evaluation process for clinical comprehensive evaluation of blood lipid- regulating drugs and perform rapid assessment of clinical comprehensive evaluation of blood lipid-regulating drugs with different mechanisms so as to provide reference for the drug catalogue selection and rational drug use of medical institutions. METHODS Referring to guidelines and consensus such as the guideline for the management of comprehensive clinical evaluation of drugs， the methods such as literature research， expert interviews， and Delphi expert consultation were used to establish a multi-dimensional and multi-criteria clinical comprehensive evaluation index system and quantitative scoring table for blood lipid-regulating drugs around the two main lines of technical evaluation and policy evaluation. Then 13 blood lipid-regulating drugs with different mechanisms in 21 third-grade class-A medical institutions from five provinces and regions of Northwest China were scored from both technical and policy dimensions to form a comprehensive evaluation result. RESULTS The clinical comprehensive evaluation index system and corresponding rapid evaluation quantitative scoring table were constructed for blood lipid-regulating drugs in the five northwest provinces and regions. The technicalevaluation section included 6 primary indicators， 13 secondary indicators， and 34 tertiary indicators， totaling 110 points. The policy evaluation section included 4 primary indicators and 6 secondary indicators， with a total score of 40 points （30 points for some drugs） and a total score of 150 points （or 140 points）. The scoring results showed that the highest score was atorvastatin， followed by rosuvastatin and simvastatin. CONCLUSIONS Statins are still the cornerstone of drug therapy for patients with dyslipidemia； the rapid evaluation quantitative scoring table constructed in this study is comprehensive， systematic and operable. The evaluation process in this study can provide empirical references for other groups to exploring the standardized path and quality control mechanism of clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs.