Objective To study the CT findings of small thyroid carcinoma. Methods The CT findings of 40 patients with histology-proven small thyroid carcinoma (diameter, 1.0 to 2. 0 cm) were retrospectively reviewed. Results (1)The single lesion was detected in 38 cases and two lesions in bilateral thyroid in 2 cases. Two cases were combined with contralateral nodular goiter and I case with contralateral thyroid adenoma. ( 2 ) Eight lesions showed smooth edge and complete envelope. Thirty-four lesions demonstrated foggy edge and incomplete envelope,but they didn't invade the surrounding soft tissues and important organs. ( 3 ) The density of all lesions were homogeneous or comparatively homogeneous without obvious hemorrhage or necrosis area on non-enhanced CT. Thirty lesions showed varied shape calcifications,with granular calcifications in 20 lesions being the most common. Irregular nodular,eggshell-like or mulberrylike calcifications were also detected. (4)Forty-one lesions showed marked enhancement on post-contrast CT and the amplitude of enhanced CT value was greater than 40 HU(range,90 to 140 HU). Thirty-eight lesions exhibited homogeneous enhancement, and other 3 lesions showed marked enhancement center with a ring-like low density edge and manifested as a characteristic damascene-like appearance. (5)Enlarged cervical lymph nodes were found in 24 cases ( 60. 0% ), which displayed solid, cystic-solid or cystic appearances on nonenhanced CT. They showed markedly homogeneous,irregular ring or wall-node enhancement on post-contrast CT. In 8 cases there were granular, nodular or eggshell-like calcifications within the enlarged lymph nodes.Conclusion A solid thyroid nodule with granular calcification, incomplete envelope and marked enhancement, companied with enlarged lymph nodes with calcification, cystic degeneration and obviously enhanced solid part are the relatively characteristic CT features of small thyroid carcinoma.

Objective To explore the influence of epidural analgesia on stress,immune and survival in patients with ovarian cancer undergoing cytoreductive surgery.Methods 72 cases with ovarian cancer undergoing cytoreductive surgery were divided into group A and group B according to random number table method.Patients in group A were treated with epidural analgesia,while patients in group B were treated with intravenous analgesia.The stress index,the plasma cortisol and immune indexes,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ at 30 mins before surgery (T1),right after surgery (T2),12 h after surgery (T3),1 d after surgery (T4) and 3 d after surgery (T5) between the two groups were observed.The overall survival and free survival in the two groups were compared.Results The plasma cortisol levels was lower in group A than in group B (Fgroup=27.784,P=0.000).The plasma cortisol levels in the two groups increased first and then decreased (Ftime=109,268,P-=0.000),and the decrease ratein group A was higher than that in group B (Finteraction,=22.092,P=0.000).The levels of CD3+,CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ werehigher in group A than in group B,while the level of CD8+ was lower in group A than in group B (Fgroup=5.893,6.110,7.283,5.593,P＜0.05).The levels of CD3+,CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the two groups reduced first and then increased while the level of CD8+ increased first and then reduced (Ftime=12.220,14.430,15.592,11.102,P＜0.05).CD3+,CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in group A increased more while C D8+ reduced more than those in group B (Finteraction=8.251,9.792,8.092,7.103,P＜0.05).The overall survival rate and free survival rate of 3 years in group A and group B was 44.44％,22.22％ vs 38.89％,16.67％,respectivelyThedifferencehadnostatisticalsignificancebetweenthetwogroups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Epidural analgesia may reduce the stress response in patients with ovarian cancer undergoing cytoreductive surgery,and protect the immune function,but the influence on survival is not obvious.

Objective:To make comparisons of treatment outcomes between video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:Overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS), locoregional control (LRC), and disease-free survival (DFS) were retrospectively compared between early stage NSCLC patients who underwent VATS lobectomy and SBRT at our institution from January 2012 to December 2016. Propensity score matching (PSM) was carried out to reduce selection bias between two groups based on age, gender, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), pulmonary function, and tumor diameter.Results:A total of 567 patients treated with VATS lobectomy ( n=458) or SBRT ( n=109) were included. 104 patients were matched for further analysis (52 in VATS lobectomy group and 52 in SBRT group). The median follow-up time was 44 months. the 3- and 5-year OS were 94.2% and 91.6% for VATS lobectomy and 88.6% and 79.9% for SBRT ( P=0.097), respectively. No statistically significant differences were noted in 5-year CSS (91.6% vs. 83.7%, P=0.270). The cumulative incidence of LRC was comparable between two group (94.0% and 85.9% vs. 93.5% and 93.5% at 3, 5 years, P=0.621). Differences in the DFS were not statistically significant (80.5% and 79.0% at 5 years, P=0.624). In the VATS lobectomy group, 10% patients ( n=5) experienced ≥ grade 3 CTCAE toxicity. One patient died of septicemia due to severe lung infection within 30 d after VATS lobectomy. In the SBRT group, one patient suffered from grade 3 radiation pneumonitis. There were no grade 4 or 5 toxicities in SBRT group. Conclusions:This propensity matched analysis suggests that SBRT can be an alternative option to VATS lobectomy for stage I-II NSCLC. Randomized trials are needed to evaluate the outcomes.