Objective · To isolate phages which can fight against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli), and provide basic research for establishment of E. coli phage library and treatment of bacterial infection. Methods · Samples collected from sewage were co-cultured with 93 ESBLs-producing E. coli strains. A phage named JDEC001 was isolated by double agar overlay plaque assay. The biological characteristics, complete genome sequence and comparative genome analyses of JDEC001 were studied respectively. Results · JDEC001 belongs to the lytic phage as a member of the Caudovirales order, Podoviridae family. It has high activity at pH from 5 to 11 and with temperature from 0 to 39 ℃ .Whole-genome sequencing of JDEC001 demonstrated double-stranded DNA genome of 38745 bp with GC content of 49.93%, which encoded 46 open reading frames. The comparative genomics also showed that there was no virulent genes or antibiotic resistant genes in its genome. Conclusion · The phage JDEC001 against ESBLs-producing E. coli was isolated and purified, with good stability in a broad range of pH and temperature.

Background and purpose:Microsatellite instability (MSI) status is commonly applied to predict the prognosis and chemosensitivity in stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer patients. However, researches of its function on metastasis colorectal cancer are limited. This study investigated its value on prognosis and chemosensitivity in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.Methods:We retrospectively investigated tumor tissues from metastasis CRC patients who were treated with oxaliplatin and 5-FU-based therapy regimens (FOLFOX and XELOX). Immunostaining of proteins of the mismatch repair genehMLH1,hMSH2,hMSH6 andhPMS2 was performed. Prognostic value and chemosensitivity in patients with MSI status were also determined.Results:Clinical features from 113 patients were analyzed. No cor-relation of overall survival (OS) and chemosensitivity with MSI status was found. We further investigated 79 patients with synchronous metastasis and palliatively tumor resection. Median progression free survival (PFS) from 22 MSI patients was significant longer than that in 57 MSS patients (19.9 monthsvs 7 months,P=0.005). No significant difference was seen in OS comparison (P=0.07). MSI status was also an independent prognostic factors of PFS by Cox multivariate analysis (MSS/MSI,HR=2.079,P=0.043). Moreover, in this group, MSI patients had improved disease control rate (59.1%vs 31.6%, P=0.025) in chemosensitivity analysis than MSS patients.Conclusion:A better PFS in MSI patients with synchronous metastasis and palliative tumor resection was found after treated with oxaliplatin and 5-FU-based therapy and a better chemosensitivity in MSI patients was also found.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is one of the most common hereditary colorectal cancers. Its intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations are correlated with mutation sties of the APC gene. Potential gene modulation sites in patients who have typical clinical manifestations but with unidentified APC mutations are also discussed, which included MUTYH gene, AXIN gene and certain epigenetic changes. With the generalization of Precision Medicine, to offer individualized treatment and surveillance strategy based on the genotype-phenotype correlation will be of great value for FAP patients. This review focuses on the research advance in genotype - phenotype correlation studies of FAP patients.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ; genetics ; Axin Protein ; genetics ; DNA Glycosylases ; genetics ; Genes, APC ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Mutation ; beta Catenin ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of α- and β -thalassemia-related mutations in Pingxiang area of Jiangxi Province, China. METHODS: PCR and reverse dot blotting (PCR-RDB) were carried out to detect common mutations of α and β globin genes among 2558 individuals with positive results of primary screening. RESULTS: The PCR-RDB assay has identified 1222 carriers of thalassemia-related mutations, which yielded a detection rate of 47.8%. Among these, 645 individuals (including homozygous patients) have carried α globin gene mutations, with the common types including -αSEA/αα, -α/αα and -α/αα. 539 individuals have carried β globin gene mutations, with the common types including IVS-Ⅱ-654, CD41-42, CD17, CD28, CD27-28, βE, and CD71-72. Thirty eight individuals (1.5%) have carried α and β globin gene mutations simultaneously. CONCLUSION The carrier rate for α and β globin gene mutations in Jiangxi is high. Attention should be paid to newborn screening as part of the birth defect prevention and control program in order to reduce the birth rate of thalassemia in this region.

Colorectal cancer is the third high-incidence of malignant tumors in the world, and also a kind of tumor with good biological behavior and good efficacy. Colorectal cancer heterogeneity is a very important trait of its biological behavior, which can be reflected in many different aspects, including tumor type, pathogenesis, molecular phenotyping and time-space heterogeneity. Different pathogenesis produces different tumor phenotypes, which are generated in the process of natural evolution and intervention. Various phenotypes show the difference among different individuals of colorectal cancer, in terms of clinical characteristics, treatment response and prognosis. Understanding the heterogeneity of colorectal cancer has important clinical value for individualized treatment.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, threatening human health. The treatment strategy of stage II and stage III colorectal cancer has changed from surgery alone to multidisciplinary mode emphasizing perioperative treatment. The indication of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer is still defined by high-risk factors, but only microsatellite status and BRAF gene mutation can help predict efficacy of chemotherapy. Combined chemotherapy is the main adjuvant therapy for stage III colon cancer. The recommended course of adjuvant chemotherapy is 6 months. Based on the results of the IDEA study, the three-month CapeOX regimen (oxaliplatin and capecitabine) is recommended for the treatment of patients with T1-3 and N1 tumors. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced colon cancer is still in the exploratory stage of clinical trials. The difference between the treatment of rectal cancer and colon cancer lies in the application of radiotherapy. Chemoradiotherapy combined with TME (total mesorectal excision) surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy has become the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Nowadays, the research hotspots in neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer include neoadjuvant chemotherapy and total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT). This article will review the progress of perioperative treatment for colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the differences of clinical characteristics and molecular features among colorectal cancer subsides and provide evidence for colorectal cancer protection, diagnosis and treatment.

METHODSAll of 4 316 colorectal patients from Shanghai cancer center were selected for clinical character analysis, among which, 2 224 subjects for molecular feature analysis. Clinic pathological characteristics like age, gender, tumor types, histological types, differentiation and T-stage, as well as molecular features like hMLH1, hMSH2, CD44, p21, p53, COX2,E-cadherin, Her2 and Ki-67, were involved into this research.

RESULTSIt showed that compared with left-sided colon and rectal cancers, right-sided cancers occurred more in women (46.0% (541/1 176); 39.2% (424/1 083); 41.2% (848/2 057), respectively, χ² = 11.85, P < 0.01), had more mucinous or signet-ring carcinoma (12.0% (128/1 064), 5.8% (56/960), 4.0% (75/1 859), respectively, χ² = 31.27, P < 0.01), poor differentiated carcinoma (32.1% (343/1 069), 19.5% (201/1 033), 19.3% (380/1 967), respectively, χ² = 72.66, P < 0.01) , and advanced T stage (87.9% (992/1 129), 83.2% (869/1 045), 72.2% (1 486/2 057), respectively, χ² = 121.44, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the rates of hMLH1 were higher in right-sided colon cancers when compared with rectal cancers (13.4% (59/439) vs 8.5% (88/1 035), OR (95%CI): 1.67 (1.18-2.37)), as well as the rates of hMSH2 negative expression (4.9% (22/452) vs 2.4% (26/1 083), OR (95% CI): 2.08(1.17-3.71)). The rates of p53 positive expression were higher in right-sided colon cancers when compared with rectal cancers (76.2% (321/421) vs 68.4%, (776/1 134), OR (95% CI): 0.68 (0.52-0.87)). Compared with right-sided colon cancers, the rates of Her2 positive expression were higher in rectal cancers (19.3% (176/913) vs 13.2% (45/340), OR (95% CI): 1.57 (1.10-2.23)) , as well as the rates of Ki-67 expression which was positive in more than 50% cells (73.6% (840/1 141) vs 65.6% (299/456), OR (95% CI): 0.68 (0.54-0.86)).

CONCLUSIONThere are specific characteristics in right-sided colon cancers. The difference of molecular features between right-sided colon and rectal cancers are more significant.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Cadherins ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; China ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Staging ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Sex Factors

Objective: To investigate the risk factors for postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome (PGS) after surgery for stomach cancer. Methods: A total of 684 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery for stomach cancer from Jan. 1, 2010 to Dec. 31, 2014 in Tai′an Tumor Prevention and Treatment Hospital, including 475 males and 209 females, with an average age of 59.9 years were identified and included in this study. There were 206 cases of gastric cardia and gastric fundus cancers and 478 cases of gastric antrum cancer. 206 cases underwent proximal radical subtotal gastrectomy and D2 lymph node dissection, 478 distal radical subtotal gastrectomy, 206 residual esophagogastric anastomosis, 311 Billroth-Ⅰ anastomosis, 99 Billroth-Ⅱ anastomosis, and 68 Billroth-Ⅱ plus Roux-en-y anastomosis. The incidence and risk factors of PGS were analyzed. Results: All of the 684 patients were successfully operated.Among them, 48 (7.0%)encountered PGS. The univariate analysis showed that age, smoking index, alcohol consumption index, HP infection, scores of anxiety, preoperative albumin level, preoperative pyloric obstruction, site of resection, mode of anastomosis, whether to preserve the vagus nerve trunk, perioperative blood glucose level, abdominal cavity infection, and usage of postoperative analgesia pump were related to the occurrence of PGS (P<0.05 for all), while sex, hypertension, diabetes, perioperative hemoglobin level, perioperative electrolyte imbalance, operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, size of gastric remnant and number of dissected lymph nodes were not significantly related to the occurrence of PGS(P>0.05 for all). The multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, HP infection, scores of anxiety, perioperative albumin level, preoperative pyloric obstruction, site of resection, mode of anastomosis, whether to preserve the vagus nerve trunk, perioperative blood glucose level and abdominal cavity infection were risk factors for PGS (P<0.05 for all); while the age (<67 years old), perioperative albumin level (>35 g/L) and preservation of the vagus nerve trunk were protective factors of PGS (P<0.05 for all). Conclusions The occurrence of PGS is affected by many factors. Detailed evaluation of patients′symptoms and physical signs before operation and rectifying and eliminating risk factors are important to prevent and reduce the occurrence of PGS in patients with gastric cancer.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, threatening human health. The treatment strategy of stage II and stage III colorectal cancer has changed from surgery alone to multidisciplinary mode emphasizing perioperative treatment. The indication of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer is still defined by high?risk factors, but only microsatellite status and BRAF gene mutation can help predict efficacy of chemotherapy. Combined chemotherapy is the main adjuvant therapy for stage III colon cancer. The recommended course of adjuvant chemotherapy is 6 months. Based on the results of the IDEA study, the three ? month CapeOX regimen (oxaliplatin and capecitabine) is recommended for the treatment of patients with T1?3 and N1 tumors. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced colon cancer is still in the exploratory stage of clinical trials. The difference between the treatment of rectal cancer and colon cancer lies in the application of radiotherapy. Chemoradiotherapy combined with TME (total mesorectal excision) surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy has become the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Nowadays, the research hotspots in neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer include neoadjuvant chemotherapy and total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT). This article will review the progress of perioperative treatment for colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the differences of clinical characteristics and molecular features among colorectal cancer subsides and provide evidence for colorectal cancer protection,diagnosis and treatment.Methods All of 4 316 colorectal patients from Shanghai cancer center were selected for clinical character analysis, among which, 2 224 subjects for molecular feature analysis.Clinic pathological characteristics like age, gender, tumor types, histological types, differentiation and T-stage, as well as molecular features like hMLH1,hMSH2,CD44,p21,p53,COX2,E-cadherin,Her2 and Ki-67,were involved into this research.Results It showed that compared with left-sided colon and rectal cancers, right-sided cancers occurred more in women ( 46.0% ( 541/1 176 ); 39.2% ( 424/1 083 ); 41.2% ( 848/2 057 ) , respectively,χ2 =11.85,P<0.01), had more mucinous or signet-ring carcinoma(12.0%(128/1 064), 5.8%(56/960),4.0%(75/1 859),respectively,χ2 =31.27,P <0.01), poor differentiated carcinoma (32.1%(343/1 069),19.5%(201/1 033), 19.3%(380/1 967),respectively,χ2 =72.66,P<0.01), and advanced T stage(87.9%(992/1 129), 83.2%(869/1 045), 72.2%(1 486/2 057),respectively,χ2 =121.44,P <0.01).Meanwhile,the rates of hMLH1 were higher in right-sided colon cancers when compared with rectal cancers ( 13.4% ( 59/439 ) vs 8.5% ( 88/1 035 ) , OR ( 95%CI ): 1.67 ( 1.18-2.37)),as well as the rates of hMSH2 negative expression(4.9% (22/452) vs 2.4% (26/1 083),OR (95%CI):2.08(1.17-3.71)).The rates of p53 positive expression were higher in right-sided colon cancers when compared with rectal cancers ( 76.2% ( 321/421 ) vs 68.4%, ( 776/1 134 ) , OR ( 95%CI ): 0.68 (0.52-0.87)).Compared with right-sided colon cancers,the rates of Her2 positive expression were higher in rectal cancers(19.3%(176/913) vs 13.2% (45/340),OR(95%CI):1.57 (1.10-2.23)),as well as the rates of Ki-67 expression which was positive in more than 50%cells (73.6%(840/1 141) vs 65.6%(299/456),OR(95%CI):0.68 (0.54-0.86)).Conclusion There are specific characteristics in right-sided colon cancers.The difference of molecular features between right-sided colon and rectal cancers are more significant.