The in vivo tumorigenicity of murine B16 melanoma cells engineered to secret TNF-a was observed. The retrovirus containing mouse TNF-a cDNA was generated by the virus-packing cell PA317 transfected with plasmid pXT-TNF. The B16 cell clone secreting the highest TNF-a level was obtained after G418 resistance selection, limiting dilution and the assay of TNF-a activity. After the mice were inoculated subcutaneously with the cell clone, we found the tumor growth was inhibited and the survival period of the mice extended when compared with the mice inoculated with the wild-type B16 cells . We also found that the tuinorigenicity of B16-TNF-a+ cell was associated with the cell number inoculated. At or above the 1.25? 104 cells, the percentage of the mice with detectable tumor correlated negatively with the cell number inoculated: however, at the 6.25 ? 103 cells, the percentage was higher than that at 2.5?10~(4) cells. These results encourage us to do further experiments on the following tumor cell-targeted TNF-a gene therapy.

0.05). After treatment the incidence of ED in therapy group was decreased to 46.3% vs control group of 63.7%(P

AIM: To confirm the optimum extraction of the total-saponins from Patrinia Villosa Juss. METHODS: Optimum conditions(ethanol concentration,extraction hours,ethanol solution quantity) were determined by the uniform design test,the extract was refined with macropore resin AB-8,and samples were measured colorimetrically at ?=560 nm compared with oleanolic acid as reference substance. RESULTS: The result was 95% ethanol as solvent, extraction time for 1 h adding 8 times amount of ethanol solution at 100 ℃ water bath for two times.under this condition,the total-saponins content was 0.668%,in accordance with the design forecast. CONCLUSION: The optimum extraction technique and purified methods could extract the total-saponins efficiently from Patrinia Villosa Juss.The technique is simple and adapts for production.

Objective To explore the role of coping styles and personalities in the etiology of Graves' disease (GD). Methods All participants (581 patients and 800 normal controls) completed the general information questionnaires,trait coping style questionnaires(TCSQ) and eysenck personality questionnaires revised,short scale for Chinese(EPQ-RSC). Basic characteristics of all subjects were documented, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the role of coping styles and personality in etiology of GD. Results The negative coping style(OR = 1.068,P=0.000) ,concealing character(OR = 1. 121, P=0.000) and internal and external personality (OR = 1.089, P = 0.005) neurotic personality (OR > 1.000, P< 0.05) were risk factors of GD( OR = 1. 162, P = 0.000) ,positive coping style was protective factor of GD( OR < 1.000, P<0.05). Conclusion Positive coping style and specific personality adjustment can prevent effectively onset of GD.

Objective To understand the risk factors of the elderly in community of Haining city in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Methods Take the elderly Chang street Haining city selected cluster sampling method 7 437 ≥60 years as the research subjects,by using a self-designed questionnaire Alzheimer's disease causes and clinical dementia rating scale,understanding the factors that may affect Alzheimer's disease and aggravating factors,and the data of multi factor regression analysis.Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that women (Wald x2 =19.96,P ＜ 0.01),aged (Wald x2 =96.01,P ＜ 0.01),widowed (Wald x2 =5.09,P ＜ 0.05),smoking/drinking (Wald x2 =47.77,P ＜ 0.01),living alone (Wald x2 =16.14,P ＜ 0.01),depression (Wald x2 =12.05,P ＜ 0.01) were the risk factors of Alzheimer's disease; Rural (Wald x2 =458.11,P ＜ 0.01) ; Lowculture (Wald x2 =121.39,P ＜0.01) were protective factors for Alzheimer's disease.According to the clinical dementia rating scale of disease severity assessment and pathogenesis of polytomous Logistic regression,the results showed that the elderly (Wald x2 =50.37,P ＜ 0.01),lowculture (Wald x2 =30.39,P ＜ 0.01),widowed (Wald x2 =5.20,P ＜ 0.05),living alone (Wald x2 =16.50,P ＜ 0.01),somatic diseases (Wald x2 =16.58,P ＜ 0.01) and large maternal age (Wald x2 =10.53,P ＜ 0.01) were risk factors for disease.Conclusion Age,widowed,solitude are common risk factors of Alzheimer's disease and aggravating factors,should be combined with risk factors for chronic disease management actively take measures to prevent and delay the occurrence,the development of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective To explore the common causes of epilepsy and the etiologic characteristics in different age groups of patients with epilepsy.Methods A retrospective survey was made in 5572 epilepsy patients in Epileptic Center of Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital from January 2003 to December 2009.According to the diagnostic criteria published in 2005 from ILAE,all the diagnoses of 5572 cases were made by epileptic specialists.Based on history,cranial MRI or CT and pathologic data,causes of epilepsy were classified into idiopathic,symptomatic and cryptogenic epilepsy.The cases of symptomatic epilepsy were further arranged into different categories in different age grades,such as head trauma,perinatal injuries,infection in central nervous system, cerebral vascular disease, brain tumor, disorders of cortical development,neurocutaneous syndrome and others.The cases with febrile seizures and family history were collected,and positive ratio of febrile seizures and family history were contrasted in different categories of cases by Kruskal-Wallis test ( nonparametric test ).Results In 5572 cases,66 were idiopathic,2834 symptomatic,2672 cryptogenic,and the ratio of these causes was 1％,51％,48％ respectively.Among 2834 cases of symptomatic epilepsy,822 were head trauma,497 were perinatal injuries,360 were infection in central nervous system,249 were brain tumor,150 were cerebral vascular disease,135 were disorders of cortical development,62 were neurocutaneous syndrome and 559 were others. In brief,head trauma,perinatal injuries,infection in central nervous system,brain tumor and cerebral vascular disease were top 5 causes of symptomatic epilepsy. Hippocampal sclerosis was found in 744 cases in those of eryptogenic epilepsy.The importance of febrile seizures( idiopathic:15.2％ ( 10/66 ),symptomatic:6.5％ ( 185/2834 ),cryptogenic:9.4％ ( 250/2672 ) ; x2 =181.393,P =0.000 ) and family history ( idiopathic:83.3％ ( 55/66 ),symptomatic:1.1％ (31/2834),cryptogenic:0.4％ (12/2672) ; x2 =68.354,P =0.000) was statistically different in different causes of epilepsy.Febrile seizures was the most frequent in cases with hippocampal sclerosis than those with other causes,and family history was the most frequent in neurocutaneous syndrome in symptomatic cases.Perinatal injurics was thc first causc in cases of infancy and childhood,head trauma was the top one in those of juvenile and adulthood,and cerebral vascular disease was the main cause in senile cases. Conclusions In the whole epileptic cases of 5572, 1％ was idiopathic,51％ was symptomatic,and 48％ cryptogenic. The main causes of them were head trauma,perinatal injuries,infection in central nervous system,brain tumor,and cerebral vascular disease.

Objective To investigate the hospital costs and related influencing factors in patients with acute poisoning.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the general status and hospital costs of 373 patients with acute poisoning who were admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College from January 2009 to March 2015.The questionnaires were completed,the data were entered into Excel forms,and SPSS 18.0 was used to perform statistical analysis.Results Among the 373 patients,44.8％ committed suicide and 31.1％ were poisoned by accidental contact;42.6％ were poisoned by pesticides,and 32.7％ were poisoned by drugs.After treatment,64.1％ achieved improvements,whereas 1.3％ died.The highest hospital cost reached 62 710.26 RMB,and the lowest was 64.64 RMB (median 4 328 RMB).The patients with an older age and a longer length of hospital stay tended to have higher hospital costs;the patients who underwent catharsis,mechanical ventilation,and blood purification and were admitted to the intensive care unit had relatively high hospital costs.Conclusion The patients with acute poisoning have high hospital costs.Poisoning caused by pesticides and drugs should be prevented and treated with priority,so as to reduce the heavy economic burden caused by acute poisoning.

Objective To investigate the hospital costs and related influencing factors in patients with acute poisoning.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the general status and hospital costs of 373 patients with acute poisoning who were admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College from January 2009 to March 2015.The questionnaires were completed,the data were entered into Excel forms,and SPSS 18.0 was used to perform statistical analysis.Results Among the 373 patients,44.8％ committed suicide and 31.1％ were poisoned by accidental contact;42.6％ were poisoned by pesticides,and 32.7％ were poisoned by drugs.After treatment,64.1％ achieved improvements,whereas 1.3％ died.The highest hospital cost reached 62 710.26 RMB,and the lowest was 64.64 RMB (median 4 328 RMB).The patients with an older age and a longer length of hospital stay tended to have higher hospital costs;the patients who underwent catharsis,mechanical ventilation,and blood purification and were admitted to the intensive care unit had relatively high hospital costs.Conclusion The patients with acute poisoning have high hospital costs.Poisoning caused by pesticides and drugs should be prevented and treated with priority,so as to reduce the heavy economic burden caused by acute poisoning.

Objective To investigate the status of self-efficacy in cardiac disease patients when discharged, and to explore the influencing factors .Methods A total of 403 patients were selected from Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery Department in a three-A hospital during March to August in 2013 .The chronic disease self-efficacy scale and the basic information questionnaire of cardiac disease patients ( self-designed) were administered to these patients when discharged .Differences of self-efficacy between medical and surgical patients were compared , and the influencing factors were analyzed .Results The average score of self-efficacy for these patients was (6.63 ±1.90), which belonged to the medium level.There was a significant difference between medical and surgical patients in self-efficacy (7.27 ±1.83 vs 6.01 ±1.75;t=-7.080,P<0.01).Univariate analysis showed that the influencing factors of self-efficacy in patients including age, education background , heart function level , and the number of hospital admissions and length of hospital stay . Conclusions The self-efficacy in cardiac disease patients is in the medium level , and the self-efficacy of surgical patient is lower than that in the medical patients .

Objective To understand the situation of nursing teamwork against a background of high-quality nursing service and to explore the influencing factors of nursing teamwork so as to find out practical solutions to improve the level of nursing teamwork.Methods A total of 380 nurses of a classⅢ grade A general hospital in Shanghai Municipality were investigated with the nursing teamwork survey (NTS) by cluster sampling in June 2016. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0.Results The median of the total score of NTS among nurses was 4.31 (the full marks are 5). The scores of four dimensions from the highest to the lowest were: team leader (4.75), shared mental models (4.50), trust and support (4.38), team-oriented (4.00). The influencing factors of nursing teamwork included departments, weekly working hours, overtime hours and most often shift nearly three months, whether planed to leave current operating post and departments human resource allocation with significant differences (P<0.05).Conclusions There is still room for improvement in nursing teamwork. Promot teamwork among nurses through reasonably allocating nursing human resources, scientifically scheduling, strengthening humanistic concern and reducing negative effects.