The in vivo tumorigenicity of murine B16 melanoma cells engineered to secret TNF-a was observed. The retrovirus containing mouse TNF-a cDNA was generated by the virus-packing cell PA317 transfected with plasmid pXT-TNF. The B16 cell clone secreting the highest TNF-a level was obtained after G418 resistance selection, limiting dilution and the assay of TNF-a activity. After the mice were inoculated subcutaneously with the cell clone, we found the tumor growth was inhibited and the survival period of the mice extended when compared with the mice inoculated with the wild-type B16 cells . We also found that the tuinorigenicity of B16-TNF-a+ cell was associated with the cell number inoculated. At or above the 1.25? 104 cells, the percentage of the mice with detectable tumor correlated negatively with the cell number inoculated: however, at the 6.25 ? 103 cells, the percentage was higher than that at 2.5?10~(4) cells. These results encourage us to do further experiments on the following tumor cell-targeted TNF-a gene therapy.

AIM: To confirm the optimum extraction of the total-saponins from Patrinia Villosa Juss. METHODS: Optimum conditions(ethanol concentration,extraction hours,ethanol solution quantity) were determined by the uniform design test,the extract was refined with macropore resin AB-8,and samples were measured colorimetrically at ?=560 nm compared with oleanolic acid as reference substance. RESULTS: The result was 95% ethanol as solvent, extraction time for 1 h adding 8 times amount of ethanol solution at 100 ℃ water bath for two times.under this condition,the total-saponins content was 0.668%,in accordance with the design forecast. CONCLUSION: The optimum extraction technique and purified methods could extract the total-saponins efficiently from Patrinia Villosa Juss.The technique is simple and adapts for production.

0.05). After treatment the incidence of ED in therapy group was decreased to 46.3% vs control group of 63.7%(P

Objective To explore the role of coping styles and personalities in the etiology of Graves' disease (GD). Methods All participants (581 patients and 800 normal controls) completed the general information questionnaires,trait coping style questionnaires(TCSQ) and eysenck personality questionnaires revised,short scale for Chinese(EPQ-RSC). Basic characteristics of all subjects were documented, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the role of coping styles and personality in etiology of GD. Results The negative coping style(OR = 1.068,P=0.000) ,concealing character(OR = 1. 121, P=0.000) and internal and external personality (OR = 1.089, P = 0.005) neurotic personality (OR > 1.000, P< 0.05) were risk factors of GD( OR = 1. 162, P = 0.000) ,positive coping style was protective factor of GD( OR < 1.000, P<0.05). Conclusion Positive coping style and specific personality adjustment can prevent effectively onset of GD.

Objective To understand the risk factors of the elderly in community of Haining city in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Methods Take the elderly Chang street Haining city selected cluster sampling method 7 437 ≥60 years as the research subjects,by using a self-designed questionnaire Alzheimer's disease causes and clinical dementia rating scale,understanding the factors that may affect Alzheimer's disease and aggravating factors,and the data of multi factor regression analysis.Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that women (Wald x2 =19.96,P ＜ 0.01),aged (Wald x2 =96.01,P ＜ 0.01),widowed (Wald x2 =5.09,P ＜ 0.05),smoking/drinking (Wald x2 =47.77,P ＜ 0.01),living alone (Wald x2 =16.14,P ＜ 0.01),depression (Wald x2 =12.05,P ＜ 0.01) were the risk factors of Alzheimer's disease; Rural (Wald x2 =458.11,P ＜ 0.01) ; Lowculture (Wald x2 =121.39,P ＜0.01) were protective factors for Alzheimer's disease.According to the clinical dementia rating scale of disease severity assessment and pathogenesis of polytomous Logistic regression,the results showed that the elderly (Wald x2 =50.37,P ＜ 0.01),lowculture (Wald x2 =30.39,P ＜ 0.01),widowed (Wald x2 =5.20,P ＜ 0.05),living alone (Wald x2 =16.50,P ＜ 0.01),somatic diseases (Wald x2 =16.58,P ＜ 0.01) and large maternal age (Wald x2 =10.53,P ＜ 0.01) were risk factors for disease.Conclusion Age,widowed,solitude are common risk factors of Alzheimer's disease and aggravating factors,should be combined with risk factors for chronic disease management actively take measures to prevent and delay the occurrence,the development of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective To explore the common causes of epilepsy and the etiologic characteristics in different age groups of patients with epilepsy.Methods A retrospective survey was made in 5572 epilepsy patients in Epileptic Center of Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital from January 2003 to December 2009.According to the diagnostic criteria published in 2005 from ILAE,all the diagnoses of 5572 cases were made by epileptic specialists.Based on history,cranial MRI or CT and pathologic data,causes of epilepsy were classified into idiopathic,symptomatic and cryptogenic epilepsy.The cases of symptomatic epilepsy were further arranged into different categories in different age grades,such as head trauma,perinatal injuries,infection in central nervous system, cerebral vascular disease, brain tumor, disorders of cortical development,neurocutaneous syndrome and others.The cases with febrile seizures and family history were collected,and positive ratio of febrile seizures and family history were contrasted in different categories of cases by Kruskal-Wallis test ( nonparametric test ).Results In 5572 cases,66 were idiopathic,2834 symptomatic,2672 cryptogenic,and the ratio of these causes was 1％,51％,48％ respectively.Among 2834 cases of symptomatic epilepsy,822 were head trauma,497 were perinatal injuries,360 were infection in central nervous system,249 were brain tumor,150 were cerebral vascular disease,135 were disorders of cortical development,62 were neurocutaneous syndrome and 559 were others. In brief,head trauma,perinatal injuries,infection in central nervous system,brain tumor and cerebral vascular disease were top 5 causes of symptomatic epilepsy. Hippocampal sclerosis was found in 744 cases in those of eryptogenic epilepsy.The importance of febrile seizures( idiopathic:15.2％ ( 10/66 ),symptomatic:6.5％ ( 185/2834 ),cryptogenic:9.4％ ( 250/2672 ) ; x2 =181.393,P =0.000 ) and family history ( idiopathic:83.3％ ( 55/66 ),symptomatic:1.1％ (31/2834),cryptogenic:0.4％ (12/2672) ; x2 =68.354,P =0.000) was statistically different in different causes of epilepsy.Febrile seizures was the most frequent in cases with hippocampal sclerosis than those with other causes,and family history was the most frequent in neurocutaneous syndrome in symptomatic cases.Perinatal injurics was thc first causc in cases of infancy and childhood,head trauma was the top one in those of juvenile and adulthood,and cerebral vascular disease was the main cause in senile cases. Conclusions In the whole epileptic cases of 5572, 1％ was idiopathic,51％ was symptomatic,and 48％ cryptogenic. The main causes of them were head trauma,perinatal injuries,infection in central nervous system,brain tumor,and cerebral vascular disease.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission temography-computed tomography (PET-CT) examination in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) staging.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 190 patients with ICC who were admitted to the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University from September 2013 to June 2016 were collected.There were 107 males and 83 females,aged from 37 to 79 years,with an average age of 57 years.There were 90 cases without distant metastasis undergoing surgery treatment and 100 with distant metastasis undergoing non-surgical treatment.Patients underwent preoperative CT,magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),and PET-CT examination,and then received surgery or non-surgery according to preference of patients and their family members.Observation indicators:(1) imaging features on preoperative CT,MRI,PET-CT examination;(2) treatment;(3) evaluation of tumor diameter,multiple tumors,macrovascular invasion,and bile duct invasion by three examinations in ICC staging of patients undergoing operation;(4) evaluation of regional lymph node metastasis by three tests in ICC staging of patients undergoing operation;(5) evaluation of distant metastasis in ICC staging by three tests.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD,and comparison between groups was analyzed by single factor ANOVA and paired comparison was analyzed by SNK method.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Count data were described as absolute number or percentage,and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi square test.Results (1) Imaging features on preoperative CT,MRI,PET-CT examination:all the 190 patients received routine upper abdominal CT,MRI,and systemic PET-CT examination before treatment.CT imaging of ICC showed inhomogeneous low density on plain scan,peripheral enhancement in arterial phase,persistent enhancement of tumor margin in portal phase,and sometimes mild to moderate centripetal enhancement.MRI imaging showed heterogeneous low signal on T1-weighted imaging,uneven high,and slightly high signal on T2-weighted imaging.Reinforcement on MRI is the same as CT.Transverse images,fusion transverse images and maximum intensity projection images of PET-CT imaging showed abnormal high FDG uptake around the tumor.(2) Treatment:81 out of the 90 ICC patients with surgery treatment underwent hepatectomy and lymphadenectomy,and 9 underwent only tumor tissue biopsy and lymph node biopsy due to intraoperative finding of abdominal metastasis.Of the 100 non-operated patients,30 received systemic chemotherapy,23 received local radiotherapy,and 47 gave up treatment.(3) Evaluation of tumor diameter,multiple tumors,macrovascular invasion,and bile duct invasion by three examinations in ICC staging of patients undergoing operation:the tumor diameters of ICC on CT,MRI and PET-CT were (6.8±2.8)cm,(6.9±2.9)cm,(7.2±2.8)cm,respectively.There was no significant difference among the three methods (F=0.085,P＞0.05).CT,MRI,PET-CT had similar accuracy of 80.0％ (72/90),78.9％ (71/90),72.2％ (65/90) on diagnosing multiple tumors,87.8％(79/90),92.2％ (83/90),94.4％ (85/90) for macrovascular invasion,and 93.3％ (84/90),95.6％ (86/90),96.7％ (87/90) for vascular and bile duct invasion,respectively,there was no significant difference in the above indicators between the three groups (x2 =1.801,2.662,1.131,P＞0.05).(4) Evaluation of regional lymph node metastasis by three examinations in ICC staging of patients undergoing operation:the accuracy of CT,MRI and PET-CT examination for lymph node metastasis was 62.2％ (56/90),68.9％(62/90),86.7％ (78/90) and sensitivity was 40.0％ (16/40),47.5％ (19/40),80.0％ (32/40),respectively,showing significant differences between the three groups (x2 =14.446,14.666,P＜0.05),showing a significant difference between CT and PET-CT examination (x2=14.134,13.333,P＜0.05),showing a significant difference between MRI and PET-CT examination (x2=8.229,9.141,P＜0.05).The sensitivity of CT,MRI and PET-CT examination for lymph node metastasis was 80.0％ (40/50),86.0％ (43/50),92.0％ (46/50),showing no significant difference between the three groups (x2=2.990,P＞0.05).(5) Evaluation of distant metastasis in ICC staging by three tests:there were 27,34 and 100 cases with distant metastasis evaluated by CT,MRI and PET-CT examination,including 40 with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis,32 with bone metastasis,30 with mediastinal lymph node metastasis,20 with hilar lymph node metastasis,17 with pulmonary metastasis;77 patients had more than 2 sites of metastasis.The accuracy of CT,MRI and PET-CT examination for distal metastasis in 190 ICC patients was 61.58％ (117/190),65.26％ (124/190),98.42％ (187/190),respectively,with a significant difference between the three groups (x2=83.639,P＜0.05),with a significant difference between CT and PET-CT examination (x2=80.592,P＜0.05),between MRI and PET-CT examination (x2=70.284,P＜ 0.05).Conclusion PET-CT examination makes up for the deficiency of CT and MRI in judging regional lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis,and contributes to the clinical staging of ICC.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of specific immunotherapy (SIT) with standardized house dust mite allergen preparation for allergic rhinitis (AR). METHOD: Fifty-five patients with allergic rhinitis caused by house dust mites were selected in this self-control study. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by symptom and sign score after two years of specific immunotherapy and compared with pre-treatment scores. RESULT: After completing the study, a clinically significant reduction in symptom and sign score in these patients was noted, compared with that of pretreatment. And the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Standardized house dust mite allergen preparation is an effective treatment in patients suffering from allergic rhinitis due to house dust mites.
Allergens ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; Male ; Pyroglyphidae ; immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To study the role of MDCT with 3D fusion images in the preoperative evaluation of pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods 37 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy from March 2016 to May 2018 in the Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included in this retrospective study.All patients underwent a dual-phase enhanced MDCT before operation.The volume data of enhanced MDCT were transmitted to a dedicated CT post-processing workstation.The 3D images,including the tumor,pancreas,portal vein system,arterial system,pancreatic and biliary tract,were reformatted respectively before the fusion imaging.Two reviewers analyzed the tumor location and its spatial relations with the pancreaticobiliary system,peripancreatic vessels and vascular variations by means of zooming,rotating,splitting and transparent displaying on fusion images.Then,the assessed items were compared to the surgical and pathological findings.Results The 3D fusion images of 37 patients in this study depicted the tumor,pancreas,peripancreatic vessels and pancreatic and biliary tract clearly.Compared with the intraoperative and pathological findings,the accuracy of both tumor detection and localization with the 3D fusion images was 100％.To compare the intraoperative findings,visualization and variation detection of the celiac,splenic,common hepatic,gastroduodenal,hepatic,and superior mesenteric arteries,and the superior mesenteric and portal veins were all 100％.Visualizations of the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (ASPDA),posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (PSPDA),inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPA) and dorsal pancreatic artery (DPA) were 85.7％,82.8％,72.2％ and 75.8％,respectively.Conclusion The MDCT 3D fusion imaging technology allowed one stop preoperative assessment of pancreaticoduodenectomy,especially in clearly outlining the tumor location and its spatial relations with the surrounding surgical anatomies before surgery.

Objective To investigate the application value of multiple imaging techniques in the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) combined with assessment of vascular invasion using a tumor-to-vessel contact (TVC) computed tomography grading system in preoperative evaluation of pancreatic cancer.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 66 patients with pancreatic cancer who were admitted to the Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between February 2012 and July 2017 were collected.Surgical results of 66 patients showed that tumors of 48 and 18 patients were respectively located in head or uncinate process of the pancreas and body and tail of pancreas.The 317 vessels of 66 patients were detected.Fifty patients underwent radical resection and 250 vessels were detected,resected tumor diameter was (2.7± 1.4) cm (range,1.3-7.7 cm);16 underwent palliative operation and 67 vessels were detected.Patients received enhanced scans of MDCT,and multiplanar reformatted (MPR),curved planar reconstructions (CPR),CT angiography (CTA),arterial and venous images of three-dimensional (3D) CT and negative-contrast CT cholangiopancreatography (nCTCP) were build.The morphology evaluation of pancreatic tumor was done by a senior radiology physician.The peripancreatic vascular invasion was evaluated using a TVC computed tomography grading system by two senior radiology physicians.Two physicians read collectively films and then achieved consistent results if there was a disputed result.Observation indicators:(1) tumor detection and morphology evaluation by MDCT;(2) detection of processing images on vascular invasion signs and vascular anatomical variations after MDCT;(3) TVC grading results of peripancreatic vascular invasion by MDCT;(4) correlation between TVC grading results of peripancreatic vascular invasion by MDCT and surgical grading results;(5) follow-up and survival situations.The follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was per-formed to detect postoperative survival up February 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x±s.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).The measured values of tumor diameter by MDCT and surgical resection were done by Pearson correlation analysis.The Spearman analysis was used to analyze the correlation in the consistency of the vascular invasion results evaluated by two viewers and between TVC grading evaluation results and surgical grading results.Results (1) Tumor detection and morphology evaluation by MDCT:66 patients underwent MDCT,nCTCP combined with MPR images showed that there were 63 low-density tumors and 3 isopycnic tumors.The nCTCP images of 66 patients showed that 42 had biliary system dilatation and pancreatic duct dilatation,11 had pancreatic duct dilatation,5 had pancreatic duct break and 8 didn't have obvious signs of biliary and pancreatic duct dilatation and break.Results of MDCT of 66 patients showed that 48 tumors were located in head or uncinate process of pancreas,18 in the body and tail of pancreas,showing a consistency with surgical results.Pearson correlation analysis showed that measured values of tumor diameter was (2.7± 1.4) cm (range,1.3-7.2 cm) in 50 patients with radical resection,with a correlation with measured values of tumor diameter of surgical resection (r =0.904,P＜0.05).(2) Detection of processing images on vascular invasion signs and vascular anatomical variations after MDCT:results of MDCT in 2 patients with radical resection showed that vascular variations were confirmed intraoperatively;left gastric artery directly started with celiac axis in 1 patient,common hepatic artery started with superior mesenteric artery,and celiac axis was invaded by tumor tissues,with grading 2 of TVC grading evaluation;accessory left hepatic artery in 1 patient started with gastroduodenal artery and was invaded by tumor tissues,with grading 2 of TVC grading evaluation.Results of MDCT in 2 patients with palliative operation showed peripancreatic vascular invasion,tumor of 1 patient invaded inferior vena cava,and tumor of other patient invaded superior mesenteric artery and involved the first branch of superior mesenteric artery.(3) TVC grading results of peripancreatic vascular invasion by MDCT:there was an overall positive correlation of TVC grading evaluation results in 317 peripancreatic vessels invasion of 66 patients between two physicians (r =0.827,P＜0.05).There was a positive correlation of TVC grading evaluation results in celiac axis,common hepatic artery,superior mesenteric artery,superior mesenteric vein and portal vein between two physicians (r=0.661,0.911,0.809,0.911,0.614,P＜0.05).(4) Correlation between TVC grading results of peripancreatic vascular invasion by MDCT and surgical grading results:there was an overall positive correlation in 317 peripancreatic vessels invasion of 66 patients between TVC grading evaluation results and surgical grading results (r=0.806,P＜0.05).There were positive correlations between TVC grading evaluation results and surgical grading results in the artery group (celiac axis,common hepatic artery and superior mesenteric artery) and vein group (superior mesenteric vein and portal vein) (r=0.703,0.823,P＜ 0.05).There were positive correlations between TVC grading evaluation results and surgical grading results in the celiac axis,common hepatic artery,superior mesenteric artery,superior mesenteric vein and portal vein (r =0.792,0.464,0.823,0.809,0.812,P＜0.05).(5) Follow-up and survival situations:56 of 66 patients were followed up for 3-18 months,with a median time of 7 months.During the follow-up,53 patients had tumor metastases,including 50 deaths and 3 survivors with tumor;3 patients had tumor-free survival.Conclusion Multiple imaging techniques in the MDCT combined with assessment of vascular invasion using a TVC computed tomography grading system can accurately evaluate morphology of pancreatic tumor and peripancreatic vascular invasion,and increase accuracy of preoperative assessment of pancreatic cancer.