Objective To explore the expressions and clinical significances of deleted in liver cancer-1 (DLC-1 ) and Rho associated coiledcoil forming protein kinase (ROCK )Ⅰ in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods The expressions of DLC-1 and ROCKⅠ in NSCLC and adjacent tissue of 48 patients with pathologically confirmed as NSCLC and undergone surgical resection were detected by immunohistochemis-try EnVision method.The correlations among DLC-1 protein,ROCKⅠ protein and the clinical pathological characteristics were analyzed.The prognostic value of DLC-1 in patients with NSCLC was studied.Results The expression of DLC-1 protein in NSCLC tissue was low or missing,and the positive rate was 33.3%(16/48),significantly lower than that in the tissue adjacent to carcinoma 70.8% (34/48),with statistical significance (χ2 =13.523,P<0.01).The positive expression rate of ROCKⅠprotein in NSCLC was 58.3%(28/48),higher than that of tissue adjacent to carcinoma 0(0/48),with statistical significance (χ2 =39.529, P<0.01).The expression of DLC-1 protein was correlated with tumor differentiation,lymph node metastasis and clinical stage,rather than with sex,smoking history and organization type.Through the correlation analy-sis,the expression of ROCKⅠin DLC-1 positive group was 37.5%(6/16),and the expression rate of ROCKⅠ in DLC-1 negative group was 68.8%(22/32).There was negative correlation between DLC-1 and ROCKⅠin NSCLC tissues (r=-2.214,P=0.039).The 3 year survival rate in DLC-1 protein high expression group was obviously higher than that in low expression group,with statistical significance (P=0.043).Conclusion Low or missing expression of DLC-1 and high expression of ROCKⅠ protein may play an important role in the occurrence and development of NSCLC.Detecting the expression of DLC-1 and ROCKⅠprotein may be useful for evaluating the biological behavior and prognosis of NSCLC.