Objective To provide the initiative experimental reference for resource utilization of Cynanchum komarovii by biological technology. Methods Using root, stem, and leaf of C. komarovii as explants, the proper media for inducing of callus were optimized by orthogonal test. In culturing process for proliferation of callus, the fresh and dry weights were determined at various times and callus growth curve was drawn. Meanwhile, division test of callus was taken. Results Root callus test showed the best effect in successful inducing percentage of 90%-100%. The best media combination of stem and leaf were MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L and MS+2,4-D 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L. The stem segament was more easily induced than leaf. The callus induced by various treatments is in loose character and fresh yellow colour with no brown phenomenon. At day 10 the growth entered the exponent period of callus offspring, the maximal fresh weight to 4.961 g and the dry weight to 0.496 g. The division rate of callus was rather low and not easy to shoot. However, the nail root was commonly seen in the test. Conclusion The root is proved to be the best explants in the test of inducing callus, which shows the best medium of stem and leaf for forming the callus. The growth of callus is bigger, but the division is not easy.

The microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract inhabits a complex ecosystem.Intestinal normal flora is obtained by newborn after birth,and suffers influences on the type of delivery,the type of feeding and contamination from the environment.There is emerging evidence indicating that quantitative and qualitative changes on gut microbiota contribute to alterations in the mucosal activation of immune system leading to intra-or extra-intestinal diseases.A balance between pathogenic and beneficial microbiota throughout childhood is important to gastrointestinal health,including protection against pathogens,inhibition of pathogens,nutrient processing,and regulation of host fat storage.Probiotics can promote an intentional modulation of intestinal microbiota favoring the health of the host.This paper is a review about modulation of intestinal microbiota on prevention and adjuvant treatment of intra-and extra intestinal pediatric diseases.

Objective　To investigate the systemic stress responses of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC). Methods　Seventy patients with cholecystolithiasis were randomly divided into two groups: LC and open cholecystectomy(OC). Peripheral blood samples were obtained during the preoperative day and 1, 3, 5, 7 day after operation. Serum cytokines levels (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and C-reactive protein(CRP) were measured. Results　Changes of TNF-α and IL-1β before or after surgery in both groups showed no significant difference(P>0.05). Serum concentrations of IL-6 and CRP after surgery in both groups were significantly higher than those before surgery(P<0.05); but there were no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusions　The systemic stress responses of LC have no significant difference comparing with OC.

Objective Renal vascular injury,especially thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA),is an important prognostic factors in pat.ients with lupus nephritis.TMA is most likely to be associated with proliferative lupus nephritis.This single-center retrospective study was conducted in order to explore the characteristics and prognosis of patients with TMA associated with proliferative lupus nephritis.Methods From January 2013 to June 2016,146 hospitalized patients with lupus nephritis underwent renal biopsy in the Department of Rheumatology,South Campus,Ren Ji Hospital,of which 108 were proliferative nephritis including 32 with TMA and 76 without TMA.All the clinical records were collected.All data were analyzed by Graphpad 5.0 or SPSS 22.0 statistical software analysis.Nonparametric test,t test and Fisher test were used for comparison between the two groups.Predictors were analyzed by multiple factors regression analysis,survival curve was analyzed by Kaplan-Meire method.Results Patients with TMA were found to have higher levels of creatinine (Cr) [93.5 (69.0,179.8) μmol/L vs 73.0 (56.3,116.3) μmol/L,U=833,P=0.010 1],B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) [177(93.2,619) pg/ml vs 87.5(28.5,255) pg/ml,U=765,P=0.004 6],24-hour urinary protein [4.98 (1.99,7.62) g vs 2.83 (1.71,4.38) g,U=875,P=0.022] and highersystemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) [16(13.25,18) vs 12(10.25,14),U=559,P＜0.000 1],as well as lower complement [C3:(0.37±0.15) g/L vs (0.52±0.20) g/L,t=3.713,P=0.000 3;C4:0.056 (0.035,0.140) g/L vs 0.088(0.053,0.167) g/L,U=912,P=0.047 9],albumin (Alb) [(24±6) g/L vs (28±6) g/L,t=3.416,P=0.000 9] and hemoglobin (Hb) [(88±19) g/L vs (99±21) g/L,t=2.627,P=0.015 7].They were more prone to hypertension [(24/32,75％) vs (35/76,46％),x2=7.613,P=0.006 4],had less glomerular sclerosis [0(0,0.038)％ vs 7(0,17)％,U=848,P=0.007 7] and higher acute score [16(14.25,19.75) vs 13(10,15),U=612,P＜0.000 1];while these patients received higher doses of corticosteroid therapy,and more patients were treated with cyclophosphamide for induction therapy.Multivariate regression analysis showed that Cr (OR =1.008,P=0.033) and SLEDAI (OR =1.272,P=0.003) scores might be predictors of TMA in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis.During follow up,6 and 2 patientsin two groups progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD),respectively (P=0.010 4).Univariate analysisfound that patients progressed to ESRD were more likely to have TMA[(6/8,75％) vs (23/85,27％),x2=7.831,P=0.010 4],and had more crescents[54.5(12,83.5)％ vs 20(6,41)％,U=183,P=0.032].Higher activity indices (AI) [(20±6) vs (14±4),t=3.489,P=0.000 7],Cr [286(214.5,395) μmol/L vs 76(59,115.5) μmol/L,U=19,P＜0.000 1] and BNP [456(192.3,1 060) vs 110(45.38,275.5),U=116.5,P=0.002 4],as well as lower Hb [(71±12) vs (97±19),t=3.776,P=0.000 3] and platelets (PLT) [(130±71)×109/L vs (196±76)×109/L,t=2.399,P=0.018 5] were observed in these patients.Conclusion This study has shown that patients with proliferative lupus nephritis with renal TMA have a higher level of Cr and more active disease state,requiring more aggressive immunosuppressive therapy and more likely to progress to ESRD.So renal TMA may be one of the risk factors of renal survival in these patients.

A new method for the determination of peptide antibiotics in sediment from aquaculture environment by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed. The target analytes in sediments were ultrasonically extracted twice with citrate buffer solution and methol mixture (3∶ 4, V/ V), followed by complexation with 0. 5 g of Na2 EDTA, purification with 5 mL of methyl isobutyl ketone, and clean-up with HLB-SPE column. The analytes were separated on a MGII C18 column by gradient elution with 0. 1% formaic acid-0. 1% formaic acid acetonitrile as mobile phase, detected in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with electrospray ionization (ESI) under positive ion mode, and quantified by external standard method. The calibration curves were linear (R2 >0. 999) over a concentration range of 10 -10000μg / L for colistin and bacitracin and 4-4000 μg / L for virginiamycin M1 . The limits of detection (S / N = 3) were 5 μg / kg for colistin and bacitracin and 2 μg / kg for virginiamycin M1 . The limits of quantification (S / N=10) was 10 μg / kg for colistin and bacitracin and 4 μg / kg for virginiamycin M1 . At three spiked levels, the recoveries ranged from 79. 7% to 91. 6% (RSD=1. 9% -10. 8% ), showing high sensitivity, good reproducibility and wide applicability.

Childhood obesity has become a critical issue in public health area. We searched Wanfang Data and PubMed databases for published studies on health hazards of childhood obesity in China during 2000-2015. From the evidence of the Chinese population studies, we know childhood obesity brings not only cardiovascular, endocrine and respiratory system health hazards, but also other health hazards to liver, moving skeleton, psychological behavior and cognition intelligence, et al. Only to understand the health hazards of childhood obesity, and put the key preventable period of chronic diseases forward to childhood, can pandemic of chronic diseases be controlled from the sources.
China ; Chronic Disease ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Pediatric Obesity ; epidemiology ; physiopathology

Objective To explore the protein expression of PLAC1/CP1 ( cancer-placenta 1 ) and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics in patients of colorectal carcinoma. Methods The expression of PLAC1/CP1 gene was studied by using tissue chip and immunochemistry in 125 cases CRC tissue specimens. Data were analyzed with the x2-test or Fisher's x2 test statistic by SPSS 16. 0 software.Results The protein expression of PLAC1/CP1 gene was 57.6% (72/125) in 125 cases of CRC and 56. 7% (55/97)in 97 primary adenocarcinoma cases. That was 78. 9% (15/19)in poor differentiated colorectal primary adenocarcinoma, those were significantly higher than that of 35.3% (6/17) in well and 55.7% (34/61) in moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma ( P ＜ 0.05 ); PLAC1/CP1 protein expression was significantly higher in stage TNM Ⅲ + Ⅳ 71.2% (37/52) than in stage TNM Ⅰ + Ⅱ 40% (18/45)(P ＜ 0.05 ); PLAC1/CP1 genes expression rate was 69.6% (32/46) in these with lymphoid node metastasis and 45.1% (23/51)in patients without lymphoid node metastasis (P ＜ 0.05 ). The positive expression rate of PLAC1/CP1 increased in colorectal carcinoma with the increasing of the numbers of lymphoid node involved with metastasis( x2 = 13. 353, P = 0.001 ). Conclusions The protein expression of PLAC1/CP1 is associated with tumor differentiation, TNM stage and lymphoid node metastasis.

Objeetive To develop decision-making training system in fundamentals of nursing for nursing students and evaluate its application effect.Methods The training contents and level requirements were determined first.Then based on the five steps of clinical decision-making theory (put forward questions,determine goals,make decisions,implement and evaluate),the simulated training cases were designed and integrated into software of the training system.And 28 nursing students used the training system.Results Most of the nursing students liked this learning method.They thought it was very interesting,challenging,and useful.It could help increase the enthusiasm learning and the participation of students.Using it the students could integrate the theoretical knowledge into the practice.So it was helpful to train the capacity of solving clinical problems and clinical decision-making of students.The results of the open-ended question showed that the comprehensive training system could help students grasp the knowledge,test and consolidate the knowledge.It contributed to the combination of theory and practice,the cultivation the capacities of basic nursing skills,teamwork,self-learning,and solving clinical problems.Conclusions The comprehensive training system could help nursing students develop the ability to solve clinical problems and improve the clinical decision-making ability.It can be applied in the related fields.

Objective To explore protein expression and significance of MAGE genes in colorectal carcinoma(CRC)tissues.Methods The expression of MAGE genes were studied by using tissue chip and immunochemistry methods in primary CRC tissue and paired adjacent tissue samples in 97 cases.Data were analyzed with x2-test by SPSS 16.0 software.Results The protein expression of MAGE-A3,MAGE-A4 and MAGE-A10 genes were 57％(56/97),63％(61/97)and 28％(27/97)respectively in 97 cases of primary adenocarcinoma.The protein expression frequency of MAGE-A3 in poor colorectal adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than in well-and moderately disfferentiated adenocarcinomas(x2 =9.133,P =0.010).MAGE-A10 in poor colorectal primary adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than in well and moderately adenocarcinomas(x2 =15.280,P =0.000); MAGE-A10 protein expression was significantly higher in stage TNM Ⅲ + Ⅳ than in stage TNM Ⅰ + Ⅱ(x2 =4.227,P=0.040); MAGE-A10 gene expression was higher in metastasis lymphoid node than in no metastasis lymphoid node(x2 =5.557,P =0.018),and the expression level was higher in primary lesion with the increasing of the numbers of lymphoid node metastasis(x2 =7.296,P =0.026).Conclusions The protein expression of MAGE genes is associated with the tumor differentiation,TNM stage and lymphoid node metastasis.MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A10 genes are the possible prognosis marker and potential target of immunotherapy of CRC.

Objective To raise risk exposure awareness for spreading pathogenic microorganisms in anesthesia procedures and normalize aseptic technique of anesthesiologists,thus minimizing postoperative infection.Methods Choose 45 cases of general anesthesia.Respectively before anesthesia induction (Time0),five minutes after induction (Time1) and two hours after anesthesia (Time2),make bacteriological tests on seven spots vulnerable to contamination,including the three-way stopcock,screwtype hose coupling,oxygen flux knob,pressure-release valve surface,exhaled breath entry of the anesthesia machine,oxygen intake of the breathing loop of the anesthesia machine,and operating desktop of the anesthesia cart.Results Contamination risk exposure of the stopcock extends with the operative time.At Time 0,it is sterile; at Time 1,84.4％of the 45 cases are found with bacteria growth,with colony count of 1～2CFU/ml; at Time2,colony counts at various monitoring points range 7～21 CFU/ml,of which the differences between Timel group and Time0,as well as Time2 and Time0 are statistically significant(P＜0.05).Colony counts at other monitoring points comply with the regulations.Conclusion Three-way stopcocks are highly vulnerable to contamination during operative anesthesia.Regular sterile operations can effectively prevent and lower postoperative infection of the patients.