BACKGROUND:Destroying posterior stable structure of cervical vertebra may facilitate the ligamentum flavum regeneration. Whether anterior cervical instability can induce the regeneration in posterior and adjacent ligamentum flavum remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes of transforming growth factor-β1 expression and histopathology in the ligamentum flavum of cervical instability animal models.
METHODS:Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, with 18 rabbits in each group. In the experimental group, cervical instability animal models were established made through destroying annulus fibrosus by anterior puncture and absorbing nucleus pulposus in C4/5 . And no intervention was given to the control group.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, fibers in the C 3/4, 4/5, 5/6 ligamentum flavum arranged disorderly and the glass like degeneration was found in the experimental group. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in ligamentum flavum was increased, especial y in C 4/5 , in the experimental group. At 4, 8, 12 weeks, transforming growth factor-β1 expression in the C 3/4, 4/5, 5/6 ligamentum flavum segments was similar between the two groups. Experimental findings indicate that, anterior cervical instability can induce the regeneration in posterior ligamentum flavum, especial y in the injured segment.

Objective To evaluate the suitability of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),and analyze the domestic application status of CBT techniques for OCD and lay a foundation of standard CBT in China.Methods Delphi method was adopted to evaluate 30 CBT techniques on four dimensions,including operability,frequency,contribution of treatment and acceptability,and calculated the final scores of all techniques on different dimension and their comprehensive rank.Results After two rounds of experts consulting,Kendall coefficients of four dimensions were 0.249,0.269,0.234,0.250 (P＜0.01),coefficient of variation ranged from 0.05 to 0.31 of each technology on different dimension.The operability score of thought stopping,cost-benefit analysis and pie chart belonged to general suitability.The frequency and treatment contribution score of thought stopping and pie chart belonged to occasional use and small.The acceptation score of socratic question,thought stopping,in vivo exposure and behavior prevention belonged to partial acceptation.Weight coefficients of four dimensions were 0.26,0.18,0.27,0.29 and techniques ranking in the top three were information collection and evaluation,therapeutic alliance foundation and psychological education.Conclusion Most CBT techniques for OCD are suitable in China but some techniques still need to be improved.

To investigate the protective effects of eplerenone on adriamycin-induced renal injury and the possible mechanisms involved, 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, adriamycin nephropathy (AN) group and eplerenone-treated group (100 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1) eplerenone). Blood pressure, 24-h urinary protein, serum potassium, sodium and creatinine were measured 28 days after adriamycin injection (a single tail intravenous injection of 6.5 mg/kg adriamycin). The morphological changes of renal tissues were observed by light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to examine the expression of TGF-β(1) and desmin in renal cortex. The results showed that 28 days after adriamycin injection, there were no significant changes in the level of serum potassium, sodium, creatinine concentrations and blood pressure values in the rats of the three groups. Meanwhile, the 24-h proteinuria excretion in the AN group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01), but that in the eplerenone-treated group was substantially reduced when compared with that in the AN group (P<0.05). Mild mesangial cell proliferation and matrix expansion, diffuse deformation and confluence of foot processes in podocytes were found in the AN group. By contrast, rats in the eplerenone-treated group exhibited obvious attenuation of these morphological lesions. The protein expression of TGF-β(1) and desmin in the AN group was markedly up-regulated in contrast to that in the control group (P<0.01), whereas that in the eplerenone-treated group was much lower than in the AN group (P<0.05). It was concluded that eplerenone may ameliorate the proteinuria and the development of pathological alteration in adriamycin-induced nephropathy presumably via the inhibition of cytokine release, and restore the morphology of podocytes independent of its blood pressure-lowing effects.

Objective To investigate the relationship between apolipoprotein E(Apo E) gene poly-morphism and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and e-valuate the correlative risk factors. Method 40 cases of type 2 diabetes with MCI and 80 cases of type 2 diabetes without MCI were enrolled in this study. The polymorphism of the Apo E gene was detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). According to the clinical data such as course of disease, plasma glucose, plasma fat and body mass index (BMI), the independent risk factors of T2DM and MCI were analyzed by non-conditional logistic regression. Results The frequency of Apo E ε_4 allele in the group of type 2 diabetes with MCI was higher than that without MCI ( 25.0% vs 10. 0% ), and the difference had statistical significance( P < 0. 01 ). The indexes of the statistical significant difference be-twcen the two groups were age, course of disease, postprandial blood glucose ( P2BG), HBA1C, BMI,family history of T2DM, hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, Apo E gene. The independent risk factors included diabetic retinopathy ( OR = 3. 452, P < 0. 05 ), diabetic peripheral neuropathy( OR = 3. 252, P <0. 05), Ape E gene( OR = 2. 441, P < 0.01 ), HBA1C ( OR = 1. 372, P <0.05), P2BG(OR = 1. 194, P <0.05), age(OR = 1. 194, P <0.01) and course of disease(OR =1. 142, P <0. 05). Conclusion Apo E ε_4 allele has significant relationship with T2DM and MCI. The age, course of disease, control of plasma glucose, and microvascular complication of diabetes have relation-ship with the cognitive function.

Objective: To study the change rule of polysaccharide content in different processed products of polygonatum from Shaanxi. Methods:The content of polysaccharides was determined by UV spectrophotometry at the wavelength of 580nm after colored by 0. 2% anthranone-sulfuric acid solution. Results: The content of polysaccharide was significantly different among different pro-cessed products of polygonatum, and that in the raw slices was the highest followed by alcohol evaporate slices, while that in the steamed samples was the lowest. Furthermore, the extract and the content in the different processed samples of polygonatum showed a similar regularity. Conclusion:The results of the research can provide reference for the quality control and processing methods of po-lygonatum slices from Shannxi.

Objective To explore the association between body mass index and blood pressure , blood glucose, blood lipids and the 10-year risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) among the middle-aged population and to provide theoretical evidence to prevent cardiovascular disease among overweight and obese mid-dle-aged population in the community. Methods A total of 1,628 middle-aged residents having health examina-tions in Hangdong and Nanguan Community Health Service Center in Guancheng District of Zhenghzou City from September 2014 to September 2015 were selected as subjects and were divided into three groups: normal group , overweight group, and obesity group according the size of the body mass index. The relationship among BMI , blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids and the 10-year risk of ICVD was explored. Results The preva-lence of overweight and obesity in the population was 47.97% and 15.72% respectively. There was significant dif-ference in body mass index , systolic blood pressure , fasting blood glucose , blood lipids and the distribution of the 10-year risk for ICVD (all P < 0.05). The incidence of hypertension, hyperglycosemia and hyperlipidemia increased with the increase of BMI (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that over-weight and obesity were independent risk factors of hypertension , hyperglycosemia and hyperlipidemia (OR =2.144, 1.911, 2.028). Conclusions The prevalence of overweight and obesity among middle-aged population is high in Guancheng District of Zhengzhou City. Overweight and obesity co-exit with other cardiovascular risk factors. Normal BMI is important to reduce the level of risk for CVD and the 10-year risk of ICVD.

Objective:To construct a fusion protein of extracellular domain peptide fragment of muscle specific kinase ( MuSK) and fluorescent protein mCherry ,and used as antigen in the detection of antibodies against MuSK ( MuSKAb ) in the sera of patients with myasthenia gravis ( MG).Methods:The mCherry gene was amplified by PCR from vector pRSET-B and cloned into pGEM-T Easy Vector,and furthermore, cloned into Eukaryotic expression vector pMT /BiP/V5-His ( MuSK), which contains MuSK extracellular domain 22-452 amino acid peptide fragment gene to construct the fluorescent fusion protein gene MuSK -mCherry.The recombinant vector was subsequently transfected into drosophila S 2 cells for expression.The expressed fusion proteins were verified in confocal mi-croscope ,and used as antigen in the detection of MuSKAb in sera of MG patents in fluorescence immunoprecipitation test .Results:The fluorescent fusion protein MuSK-mCherry was successfully constructed and expressed.The MuSKAb in sera of patents with MG could be detected in fluorescence immunoprecipitation test using the constructed MuSK-mCherry fusion protein as antigen.Conclusion: It is available to use the constructed fluorescent fusion protein MuSK-mCherry as antigen in fluorescence immunoprecipitation test for the detection of MuSKAb in sera of patents with MG.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-308A/G gene polymorphism and mild cognitive impairment(MCI)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and their correlative risk factors thereof.Methods:Forty cases of T2DM with MCI and 80 cases of T2DM without MCI were selected for this study.The polymorphism of the TNF-α-308A/G was detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).According to the clinical data,such as course of disease,plasma glucose,plasma fat and body mass index(BMI),the independent risk factors of T2DM and MCI were analyzed by non-conditional logistic regression.Results:The frequency of TNF-α2 allele was significantly higher in the group of T2DM with MCI than that without MCI (P＜0.01).The indexes of the statistical significant difference between the two groups were the age,course of disease,postprandial blood glucose(P2BG),glycosylated hemoglobin,body mass index,family history of T2DM,hypertension,diabetic retinopathy,diabetic peripheral neuropathy and TNF-α.The independent risk factors included TNF-α,diabetic peripheral neuropathy,diabetic retinopathy,age and P2BG.Conclusion:There is a significant relationship between TNF-α2 allele and T2DM with MCI.There is a significant relationship between the age,control of plasma glucose and microvaseular complication of T2DM with the cognitive funotion.

Objective To investigate the cardiovascular risk factors in perimenopausal women and evaluate the risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods A total of 692 perimenopausal women permanent residents in a community of Zhengzhou from September, 2014 to May, 2015 were selected using multi-stage random sampling. Their age, blood pressure, body weight, smoking history, history of diabetes and fast-ing blood glucose, blood lipid and other information were collected. They were assessed with The National 10-Year Risk Assessment for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease (ICVD). Results Prevalence of the cardiovascular risk factors screened for were as follow:hypertension 14.3%, dyslipidemia 32.1%, overweight or obesity 59.2%, type 2 diabetes mellitus 7.9%, smoking 0.6%. The absolute risk for ICVD in the next 10 years averaged as (2.01 ± 3.04)%, and increased with age. The incidence of high blood pressure, high total cholesterol, smoking, as well as the level of risk for ICVD were different among various age groups. Conclusion The cardiovascular factors are not controlled ideal-ly in the perimenopausal women, and result in high risk of cardiovascular disease, which need a set of intervention as their risk stratification.

Objective To study the high-field MRI findings of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST), investigate the diagnostic value of the tumor.Methods The image findings and clinical date of 45 cases with GIST proved by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 45 cases of GIST,tumors were located in the sacroanterior 2 cases, in the perineum 5 cases, in the small bowel 5 cases, in the rectum 10 cases and in the stomach 23 cases.Of 45 cases, there were 11 cases of recurrence,and 34 cases of new-onset.High-field MRI showed the tumors with inhomogeneous signal intensity, the small lesions with even homogeneous signals, the larger with non-uniform signalwhich may be cystic degeneration, necrosis, hemorrhage.After enhanced scan,the solid part of the tumor were abnormal enhancement,necrosis andcystic degeneration no enhancement.Clear or not clear of tumor boundaries andadjacent tissue pressure were prone to metastasis or intraperitoneal planting.Pathology results showed: the tumors cut surface was gray, gray-red, visible envelope.The microscopic morphology was varied, ranging from the number of spindle cells.Immunohistochemical findings were as following: CD34(+) in 43 cases;CD117(+) in 40 cases;Desmin(+) in 18 cases;Vimentin(+) in 15 cases.Conclusion High-field MRI can accurately position gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and has great value for its diagnosis and differential diagnosis.