Objective To observe and study the application and effect of antimicrobial agents in type Ⅰ general surgery, in order to rationalize the use of drugs.Methods 228 patients with type Ⅰgeneral surgery from May 2014 to September 2016 were selected as the observation group.The patients in the type Ⅰ general surgery group from February 2012 to April 2014 were selected as the control group.The observation group were retrospectively monitored, and the control group were prospectively monitored.The application of antimicrobial agents in the two groups of patients, the rational application and the application rate of antimicrobial agents in type Ⅰ general surgery and outcome were compared.Results The application rate of the first generation cephalosporins in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05 ).There was no significant difference in application rate of macrolides compared with the control group.The application rates of the second generation and third generation cephalosporins, quinolones, aminoglycosides and nitroimidazoles were lower than those of the control group ( P<0.05 ).And the rational use of antimicrobial agents, reasonable choice of time, rational combination of drugs, reasonable dose, reasonable frequency of administration and reasonable volume of solvent were higher than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The antibiotic application rates of abdominal hernia surgery, thyroid surgery and breast surgery were lower than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).There was no infective case in the two groups.And the average length of stay in the observation group was (8.50 ±1.20) days, which was lower than (15.00 ±2.30) days in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Accordance with the principles of antibiotics in type Ⅰ general surgery, it could rationalize medication and reduce the drug resistance.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent syndrome in hospitalized patients .Recently, a number of studies have been reported that the close relationship exists between genetic polymorphism and AKI .The current research on genetic polymorphism related with AKI is reviewed in this article .

Objective To construct an recombinant adenovirus vector of vascular endothelial growth factor small interfering RNA(Ad5-VEGFsi) and to observe its inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation of human leukemia K562 cells. Methods The specific human VEGF siRNA was subcloned into the shuttle plasmid pSES-HUS and then cotransfected with plasmid pAdeasy-1 to produce pAd5-VEGFsi by homologous recombination. The identified recombinant plasmid pAd5-VEGFsi was packaged and amplified in 293 cells. At 72 h after the transfection of Ad5-VEGFsi into K562 cells, VEGF mRNA expression and the protein level of VEGF in the cell culture supernatant were determined by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. Results The recombinant adenovirus Ad5-VEGFsi was successfully constructed. Ad5-VEGFsi with the titer of 4.6?1011 pfu/ml was harvested by CsCl gradient purification. Compared with those in the control, EGF mRNA in cells decreased by 66.55% (P

Objective:To study characters of the location in cells and binding activity of chicken Ii and B-L gene expressed products.Methods:The cloned gene segments of chicken Ii,B-LA and B-LB were respectively inserted into prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression plasmids,and then these recombinant plasmids were respectively alone transfected or cotransfected into engineering bacteria, Rosetta(DE3) or 293T cells.All of the recombinant bacteria were induced to express and their products then were renatured.The singly expressed products were detected to their immunogenicity with Western blot, and the co-expressed products were tested their binding with pull-down method and ( SDS-) PAGE.Results:First six of prokaryotic and eukaryotic recombinant expression plasmids were con-structed.The eukaryotic expressed products of Ii, B-LA and B-LB genes located in cellular plasma membrane.The single protein molecules were achieved from prokaryotic expressed products, which were renatured and purified with a Ni-column respectively.Secondly the prokaryotic expression Ii,B-LA and B-LB molecules could respectively induce mouse to product specific anti-bodies, which could recognize the corresponding products in eukaryotic expression.This indicated that they retained their antigenicity.Finally with pull-down from the products in co-expression in engineering bacteria and renaturation the Ii/B-LA or Ii/B-LB complexes were purified and the Ii,B-LA or B-LB monomers were dissociated from these complexes after a SDS treatment.Conclusion:The prokaryotic or eukaryotic expressed products of chicken Ii and B-L genes could retain their antigenicity,and chicken Ii could bind B-L molecules after prokaryotic coexpression and renaturation.These results provide a useful method to study the relation between Ii and MHC molecules.

A new method for the determination of peptide antibiotics in sediment from aquaculture environment by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed. The target analytes in sediments were ultrasonically extracted twice with citrate buffer solution and methol mixture (3∶ 4, V/ V), followed by complexation with 0. 5 g of Na2 EDTA, purification with 5 mL of methyl isobutyl ketone, and clean-up with HLB-SPE column. The analytes were separated on a MGII C18 column by gradient elution with 0. 1% formaic acid-0. 1% formaic acid acetonitrile as mobile phase, detected in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with electrospray ionization (ESI) under positive ion mode, and quantified by external standard method. The calibration curves were linear (R2 >0. 999) over a concentration range of 10 -10000μg / L for colistin and bacitracin and 4-4000 μg / L for virginiamycin M1 . The limits of detection (S / N = 3) were 5 μg / kg for colistin and bacitracin and 2 μg / kg for virginiamycin M1 . The limits of quantification (S / N=10) was 10 μg / kg for colistin and bacitracin and 4 μg / kg for virginiamycin M1 . At three spiked levels, the recoveries ranged from 79. 7% to 91. 6% (RSD=1. 9% -10. 8% ), showing high sensitivity, good reproducibility and wide applicability.

Objective It is the first time that co -word analysis method was used throughout this study,which was based on all the Chinese research papers on childhood epilepsy published during the last two years.This study aimed to understand the current research status and progress in this field in China,and try to formulate the foundations for further study.Methods All the papers in database of Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP database, Wanfang as well as PubMed were retrieved by using childrenand epilepsyas keywords.Publication date range was set from January 201 4 to June 201 5 and qualified papers were included in the research.Excel,Ucinet 6.0 and Net-draw software were used to analyze of the relationship between different key words and to generate diagrammatic repre-sentation.Results A total of 698 articles were identified and 41 high -frequently used keywords were extracted. Within the network planning of co -word relationship of high -frequency keywords,pediatric epilepsy was in the core rank,antiepileptic drugs,electroencephalogram,infantile spasm and treatment were hot topic issues.Pediatric epilepsy and electroencephalogram kept close relationships,so were pediatric epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs.Research status of Chinese childhood epilepsy was successfully represented and the possible future research was predicted through co -word analysis of these high -frequently used keywords.Conclusions At present,studies on childhood epilepsy are mostly focused on electroencephalogram,drug therapy,cognitive function,refractory epilepsy,pathogenesis as well as in-fantile spasms,but further research is needed to investigate the rehabilitation,comorbidity and immunity.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 analogs paricalcitol on proteinuriaindiabeticnephropathy (DN)rats, andtoinvestigateitspossiblemechanism.Methods DN model rats were established by intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin.All the DN rats were randomly divided into the paricalcitol group(group P ) and DN group(group D).Healthy rats were chosen as healthy control group(group N).24-h urinary protein and serum biochemical indicators were examined after 12 weeks.ELISA was applied to detect the level of renin and Ang Ⅱ in the kidney.Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of heparanases(HPA)and podoein.Results Compared with group N,24-h urinary protein,serum creatinine,renin and Ang Ⅱ in group D and group P were markedly increased,and they were significantly higher in group D as compared to group P (all P＜0.05).Compared with group N,the expression of HPA protein and mRNA in group D and group P increased markedly,and higher expression was found in group D(all P＜0.05).The expression of podocin protein and mRNA in group D and group P decreased markedly,and lower expression was found in group D(all P＜0.05).Renin level was positively correlated with HPA protein expression (r=0.78,P＜O.OS),negatively correlated with podocin protein expression(r=-0.63,P＜O.05),and not correlated with their mRNA expression.Conclusion Paricalcitol can significantly reduce the proteinuria,which may be associated with the inhibition of renin by down-regulating protein expression of HPAin glomerular basement membrane and up-regulating protein expression of podocin in podocyte.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of paricalcitol ( P) on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the under-lying mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy ( DN) .METHODS:DN rat model was induced by a single intraperitoneal in-jection of streptozotocin after fasting.The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups: the DN rats in paricalcitol-inter-vened group ( group P) were injected intraperitoneally with paricalcitol dissolved in propylene glycol after the day when the model was induced successfully at a dose of 0.4μg/kg (3 times a week);the DN rats in DN group ( group D) were given isopyknic propylene glycol.Normal control group ( group C) was also set up.The samples of blood, urine and renal tissue were collected after intervention of paricalcitol for 12 weeks.The biochemical indexes were measured.The renal tissues were used for pathologic observation and determining the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Wnt-4,β-catenin and Klotho by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.In addition, the correlation among the above indexes was analyzed.RESULTS:(1) Scr, BUN and 24 h urine protein increased significantly in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D ( P<0.05 ) .( 2 ) The area of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in-creased in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05).(3) The ex-pression of Klotho decreased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin increased in group D compared with group C (P<0.05).Compared with group D, the expression of Klotho increased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 andβ-catenin decreased in group P (P<0.05).(4) The expression of Klotho was negatively correlated with the fibrosis area, TGF-β1, Wnt-4 andβ-catenin (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Paricalcitol inhibits renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DN by promoting the expression of renal Klotho, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation and TGF-β1 synthesis.

Objective: To research the functional segments of B-FA molecule binding invariant chain and their characters. Methods:The DNA segments (α1α2, sα1α2 and α3TC ) of B-FA genes were respectively cloned and inserted into prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression plasmids,then they were singly or co-transfected with Ii gene into the engineering bacteria E. coli (BL-21)or 293T cells. After induction of expression,affinity chromatography and SDS-PAGE identification,the binding between B-FA segments and Ii molecule and co-localization in cells were observed with Pull-down and Western blot. Results:First three recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmids and four recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmids were constructed. The single molecules expressed by B-FA segments were observed after an affinity chromatography. Secondly the complexes of Ii/B-FA-α1α2 and Ii/B-FA-sα1α2 were detected by a Pull-down from the co-transfected corresponding prokaryotic expression plasmids,but no complex of Ii andα3TC,also in the western blot it was detected that B-FA-α1α2 or B-FA-sα1α2 as functional segment could bind Ii to form complex. Finally in eukaryotic expression 293T cells B-FA-sα1α2 kept localization, the same as B-FA. Conclusion: Chicken B-FA-α1α2 is function segment to bind with Ii molecule and keeps the location characters same as B-FA. The results of this research first time provide experimental evidence about B-FA functional region binding segment to Ii molecule.

Objective To explore the causes of nosocomial infections in ICU as to provide scientific evidence for the corresponding intervention measures.Methods The retrospective survey was used to investigate and analyze the incidence of nosocomial infections in ICU from 2013 to 2014.Results The total of 1225 patients investigated,182 patients suffered from nosocomial infections and the nosocomial infections rate was 14.86％.The etiology of ICU specimen was 95.22％.Gram negative bacilli,Gram positive bacteria and fungi,which accounted for 69.16％,18.22％ and 12.62％ respectively.The main infection site were respiratory tract,blood and urinary tract,which accounted for 70.43％,11.30％ and 4.78％ respectively.Conclusion The hospital infection rate of ICU in our hospital is kept the same level of the hospital in the same area.Etiology specimens rate comply with national standards.Main pathogens are gram negative bacilli,and the main site of infection is respiratory.