Gold nanoparticles ( AuNPs) have been widely used in biomedicine due to their unique physical and chemical properties as well as good biocompatibility. Current research in this field has been focused on AuNP radiosensitization in radiotherapy for cancer. Extensive studies in vivo and in vitro have showed the radiosensitization effect of AuNPs. However, the mechanism of radiosensitization by AuNPs still requires further studies. Right now, the radiation?insensitive phase ( G0+G1 phase) to radiation?sensitive phase ( G2+M phase ) transition of tumor cells by AuNPs is widely considered as the main cause of radiosensitization. There are many influencing factors for AuNP radiosensitization such as particle size, surface modification, microscopic distribution, radiation energy, radiation dose, and type of tumor cells. Moreover, safety should also be taken into account in AuNP radiosensitization. Clinical trials of AuNPs have been carried out right now. More studies on AuNP radiosensitization are needed to achieve real clinical transformation.

Objective To evaluate the measurement of kappa and lambda immunoglobulin free light chains(FLC) in patient samples using a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for early diagnosis of multiple myeloma.Methods An ELISA method for quantifying kappa and lambda free light chains were used to study serum and urine samples from patients with multiple myeloma, and the results were compared with those obtained using immunofixation electrophoresis and nephelometric immunoassay methods. Results The FLC-ELISA method had great successful rate in identifying the multiple myeloma in all 40 myeloma patients. In contrast,immunofixation electrophoresis and nephelometric immunoassay could only identify 57.5% and 85.5% of the multiple myeloma in all the myeloma patients,respectively. Furthermore, retrospective diagnosis of specimens obtained from patient indicated that the ELISA method could help early diagnosis of the disease by over two years. Conclusion The ELISA method for measuring free light chains is sensitive, accurate and reproducible. Therefore it is a useful tool for early diagnosis of multiple myeloma,monitoring the disease progression and evaluating treatment responses.

Objective To observe the MVD and integrin αvβ3 mRNA expression changes in tumor -bearing rats by using endostar combined with radiotherapy ,and to explore the potential synergy mechanism .Meth-ods We randomly divided the tumor -bearing rats into four groups:control group(NC),endostar group(ES), radiation treatment group ( RT) and endostar combined radiotherapy group ( ES +RT) .Tumor inhibition rate was calculated every other day .Microvessel density and αvβ3mRNA were texted by immunohistochemical or real time PCR in each group.Results (1)ES+RT group showed the most obvious inhibition rate;(2)Compared with NC group,microvessel density of RT was increased ,but decreased in ES group and ES +RT group significantly ( P<0.05);(3)Compared with NC group,αvβ3 mRNA expression of RT group was increased,while decreased in ES group and ES+RT group,and ES +RT group displayed a greater decrease when compared to ES group ( P<0.05).Conclusion Endostar combined radiotherapy can inhibit the growth of cancer and the expression ofαvβ3mRNA,improve the disorders of tumor vascular network .It may be one of the mechanisms of increasing radi-osensitization.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the correlation between ornidazole (ONZ) salivary concentration and plasma concentra-tions in healthy subjects,and to provide reference for clinical therapeutic drug monitoring. METHODS:24 healthy volunteers were selected. After oral administration of ONZ capsules 1.00 g,their venous blood and saliva were collected at 0.25,0.5,1.5,5.5, 10.5,24.5 and 43.5 h after medication. HPLC method was used to determine the plasma and salivary concentrations of ONZ. The correlation between the two was analyzed. RESULTS:The peak values of plasma and salivary ONZ concentrations appeared imme-diately at 1.5 h after administration and the peak values were(0.96±0.15)μg/ml and(0.93±0.15)μg/ml;salivary concentration of ONZ was lower than plasma concentration at each time points,but there was no statistical significance (P>0.05);the regres-sion equation of salivary ONZ concentration and plasma concentration was csaliva=1.176 5cplasma-0.199 4(r=0.990 1). The ratio of salivary concentration and plasma concentration of ONZ (S/P) was (0.91 ± 0.06),showing positive correlation (r=0.632-0.970, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The salivary ONZ concentration is significantly correlated with plasma concentration in healthy peo-ple,so saliva can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring.

Objective To analyse and monitor the genetic quality of closed colony NIH mice in Beijing district for the last 3 years.Methods We use biochemical genetic markers( including alkaline phosphatase -1 and the like 14 biochemical markers), selecting A and B colonies from different facilities for genetic monitoring in 2011 to study the polymorphism.And in 2014, 30 NIH mice just from B colony were monitored using the same testing and sampling methods.Results In 2011,NIH mice form both A and B facilities existed 6 polymorphic biochemical markers(Ce2,Car2, Gpi1,Es10,Gpd1,Pgm1); and NIH mice of B company also existed polymorphism in Es3 loucs.Between the 2 NIH mice colonies, there were significant difference in Es3、Gpd1、Pgm1 loci (P <0.01), and difference in Car2 locus(P <0.05).FST of the 2 colonies was 0.0406, the genetic identity was 0.9619, and the genetic distance was 0.0388.In B company, NIH mice of 2014 appeared 2 homozygous loci(Ce2 and Gpd1) when compared with NIH mice of 2011.Between the 2 NIH mice colonies, there were significant difference in Es10 and Gpd1 loci (P <0.01), and difference in Pgm1 locus(P <0.05).Fst of the 2 colonies was 0.1103, the genetic identity was 0.8847, and the Genetic distance was 0.1266.Conclusions Population isolation, breeding and selection, populationpopulation quantityquantity and generation significantly affected the genetic architecture of NIH mice.So when breeding and reserving seeds, we should strengthen the genetic monitoring of outbred NIH mice, in order to offer reliable genetic quality protection.

Objective To analyze the population genetics of two outbred colony guinea pigs from two institutions and provide basical information in developing genetic detection methods and standardization of the outbred guinea pigs.Methods 25 polymorphic microsatellite markers were screened by a fluorescent based semi-automated genotyping method for the two populations of guinea pigs, and the population genetic parameters were calculated.Results A total of 121 alleles were detected in the two populations, with 2-10 alleles and a mean 4.84 alleles at each locus.The mean expected heterozygosity was 0.6067, and the average polymorphism information content was 0.552.In the two populations, 103 and 116 alleles were detected, the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.5195 and 0.5838, and mean polymorphism information content was 0.459 and 0.518, respectively.Five loci and six loci, respectively, showed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05) in the two populations, mostly resulted from heterozygote deficiency.The average Fst of all loci was 0.1056, which implied a moderate genetic differentiation between populations.The Nei’ (1972) genetic distance and Nei ‘(1978) unbiased genetic distance between the two populations were 0.3302 and 0.3204, respectively.Conclusions Both the two populations are consistent with a closed group of animal population genetic characteristics.Several loci deviate from HWE, which probably indicates that a certain degree of inbreeding phenomenon exists during the breeding process.

Objective: To describe characteristics of cardiometabolic risk factors of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in 7 cities in China from 2013 to 2015. Methods: Data was from the China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health (CCACH) study. 12 590 children and adolescents were selected from 24 schools (3 kindergartens, 7 primary schools, 7 junior high schools and 7 senior high schools) in seven cities (Changchun, Yinchuan, Beijing, Jinan, Shanghai, Chongqing and Tianjin) during 2013-2015 by using a stratified cluster random sampling method. The demographic characteristics, e.g. birth date, feed status and history of disease, were collected by questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements, i.e. weight, height, waistline, blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein, were also collected. The detection rate of metabolic syndrome was calculated respectively according to "international diabetes federation standard " and "definition and prevention of metabolic syndrome in Chinese children and adolescents " . Results: The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia was 12.0%(1 497/12 491), 18.2%(2 193/12 035), 24.4%(3 028/12 422) and 15.8%(1 977/12 490), respectively. The prevalence of these four cardiometabolic risk factors in males was significantly higher than that in females (all P values<0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 3.3%(272/8 328) with international diabetes federation 2007 definition and 5.4% (453/8 325) with Chinese definition among children above 10 years old. The prevalence of hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high total cholesterol, low high-density lipoproteincholesterol and dyslipidemia increased with the change of obesity type from non-obesity to complex obesity (all P values<0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors was still high in children and adolescents, which has become an important factor threatening the healthy growth of children and adolescents.

Objective Cervical heterotopic heart transplantation model was established in different inbred strains of mice with modified cuff technique. Inbred male Balb/c mice and C57BL/6 mice were selected as donors and recipients, respectively. Mice were randomly assigned into four groups: control group (the donor hearts were perfused through coronary artery with 200 μl, 0℃～4℃ St. Thomas Ⅱ solution during 2 to 3 min, then they were immersed in it for 15 min), CsA group ( the donor hearts were perfused with the same method as for the control's and intraperitoneal injection of CsA 5 mg· g-1 · d -1 was given after surgery ), H2-B1 transfection group (the donor hearts were perfused through coronary artery with 200 μl, 0℃ -4℃ St. Thomas Ⅱ solution contained with 30 μg H2-Bl plasmid vectors during 2 to 3 min, then they were immersed in it for 15 min ), and H2-B1 + CsA group ( the donor hearts were perfused with St. Thomas Ⅱ solution contained H2-Bl gene plasmid and intraperitoneal injection of CsA was given after surgery as mentioned above. ). At 1,3 and 7 days after transplantation, three allografts were harvested at each time points in all of the groups, respectively, for pathological examination and analysis of CD40 expression with immunohistochemistry assays. The expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines were also determined with flow cytometry. The survival time of rest allografts were observed. Results Histological features for rejection were observed more apparent in the grafts of control group than those in other groups, especially those in H2-Bl + CsA group. The expression of CD40 in H2-Bl + CsA group and CsA group was lower significantly than that of the control group ( P ＜0.01 ), so was the expression of CD40 in the H2-Bl group as compare with that of the control group (P ＜0.05). No significant difference between H2-Bl group and CsA group (P ＞0.05 ) at 7 days was observed. The expression of IL-2, TNF-α (Th1 cytokines) in control group was much higher than that in other groups, and the expression of IL-4 ( Th2 cytokine) in control group was much lower ( P ＜0.05 ). The level of IL-4 in CsA group increased significantly at 3 days ( P ＜ 0.05 ), with a peak level at 7 days after transplantation (P＜0.01). The survival time of grafts was significantly prolonged in CsA group (P＜0.01), H2-Bl group (P＜0.05) and H2-Bl+CsA group(P＜0.01). Conclusion Treating the donor hearts with H2-Bl plasmid vectors at the time of transplantation may suppress rejection in the heart allografts and prolong the survival time through some presumed mechanisms such as preventing upregulation of CD40 expression, relucing the production of IL-2 and TNF-α, increasing the production of IL-4, and as a result, inducing immune tolerance, as well as improving the function of transplanted heart grafts.

Objective To investigate the effects of Blastocyst MHC gene transfection to coronary on the survival time of mouse heart grafts and the mechanism. Methods Inbred male Balb/c mice and C57BL/6 mice were selected as donors and recipients respectively, to construct mouse cervical heart transplantation models. In the control group, the donor hearts were perfused using the 0～4 ℃ St. ThomasⅡ solution; in the cyclosporine A (CsA) group, the donor hearts were perfused as same as the control's and received intraperitoneal injection of CsA (5 rng·g-1·d-1) after surgery; in the transfection group, the donor hearts were perfused using St. Thomas Ⅱ solution with Blastocyst MHC gene plasmid; in the combined treatment group, the donor hearts were perfused using St. Thomas Ⅱ solution with Blastocyst MHC gene plasmid and received intraperitoneal injection of CsA (5 mg·g-1·d-1) after surgery. The survival time of transplanted heart allografts were observed, and their histopathological changes and the degrees of coronary intimal hyperplasia were estimated.Blastocyst MHC gene mRNA expression levels were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Flow cytometry was applied in assessment of the levels of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and CD3+ CD8+ T cells. Results The survival time in the CsA group, transfection group and combined treatment group was significantly longer than in the control group (P＜0.05) and that in the combined treatment group was the longest, up to (20. 50 ± 5. 61) days. On the postoperative day 1 and 3, Blastocyst MHC gene mRNA expression level in the transfection group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). On the postoperative day 7, the degrees of rejection and coronary intimal hyperplasia in the combined treatment group were the lightest. On the postoperative day 7 the number of Tregs in the CsA group and the combined treatment group was significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P＜0.05), but that of CD3 + CD8+ T cells in the CsA group and the combined treatment group was less than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Blastocyst MHC gene transfection in mouse transplanted cardiac allograft can extend its survival time through upregulation of Treg and downregulation of CD3 + CD8 + T cells in the mice. The combination of Blastocyst MHC gene and CsA may exert the synergic effects.

Childhood obesity has become a critical issue in public health area. We searched Wanfang Data and PubMed databases for published studies on health hazards of childhood obesity in China during 2000-2015. From the evidence of the Chinese population studies, we know childhood obesity brings not only cardiovascular, endocrine and respiratory system health hazards, but also other health hazards to liver, moving skeleton, psychological behavior and cognition intelligence, et al. Only to understand the health hazards of childhood obesity, and put the key preventable period of chronic diseases forward to childhood, can pandemic of chronic diseases be controlled from the sources.
China ; Chronic Disease ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Pediatric Obesity ; epidemiology ; physiopathology