Insulin resistance and islet ? cell dysfunction are well-identified pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The generation of a great quantity of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) impairs the function of mitochondria and induces oxidative stress during metabolic process of hyperglycaemia and hyperlipemia. Oxidative stress blocks insulin action pathway and induces insulin resistance; inhibit expression of insulin gene; decrease insulin secretion and impair ? cell function. In this paper, the mechanism of the ROS generation, insulin resistance and ? cell dysfunction induced by oxidative stress are reviewed.

Angelicae Sinensis Radix, dried roots of Angelicae sinensis, is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. Six compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel and preparative HPLC. According to physicochemical properties and spectral data, the compounds were identified as senkyunolide H-7-acetate (1), o-phthalic acid (2), diisobutyl phthalate (3), p-hydroxyphenylethanol ferulate (4), ferulic acid (5) and coniferylferulate (6). Compound 1 was a new one.
Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Benzofurans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Coumaric Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Dibutyl Phthalate ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the role of problem-based learning (PBL) in the improve-ment of students' comprehensive ability in experimental classes of fundamental nursing. Methods A total of 172 nursing students were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=76) and the control group (n=96), they received PBL and traditional education, respectively.The teaching effect was compared using X2 tesL Results The experimental group was better than the control group in comprehensive a-bility such as communication skills, operant skills, coping skills, health education, appearance and at-titude. Conclusions PBL can promote the nursing students to understand the comprehensive information of special problems, and improve their skills of resolving practical problems and autonomic learning.

Objective To report the surgical approach for the treatment of giant or extensive skin lesions due to the infection of human papilloma virus (HPV). Method Surgical treatment was performed for 10 patients with verruca vulgris, 20 with condyloma acuminatum, and 8 with epidermodyplasia verruciformis, whose giant or extensive lesions were poorly responsive to routine non-surgical therapy. Results Recurrence of lesions was found in 2 of 10 patients with verruca vulgris and 5 of 20 condyloma acuminatum in 6 months after operation, with a total recurrent rate of 25%. The extensive skin lesions were removed and the functions of affected limbs were recovered in patients with epidermodyplasia verruciformis after operation, however, the long-term topical retinoids was needed to control the recurrence of the lesions. Conclusion Surgical approach is effective for the treatment of the giant or extensive skin lesions due to HPV infection.

Background Diabetiretinopathy(DR) ione of the leading causeof blindness.To understand the risk factorof Dpathogenesiiimportanfothe prevention and treatmenof DR.Objective The purpose of thistudy wato survey the prevalence and relevanfactorof Damong diabetipatientaged ove45 yearold.Methodcross-sectional study wadesigned.physical examination waperformed on 7300 subjectfrom July,2010 to March,2011 athe FirsHospital of Shanxi Medical University,and 5012 of them received non-mydriatidigital funduphotography.Type 2 diabetimellituwadetermined in 574 subjects,and 480 casethaconformed to the criteriof the currenstudy were recruited.questionnaire survey wacarried ouin the 480 patients,and the prevalence of diabeteand Dwacalculated fothe analysiof the causative factorof DR.ResultGradable funduphotographwere available in 480 subjects,and 98 of them presented with Dcomplication aprevalence rate of 19.8％.The morbidity rateof Dwere 14.3％,19.4％,23.7％ and 21.5％ in the 45-55 yeargroup,＞55-65 yeargroup,＞65-75 yeargroup and ＞75 yeargroup,respectively,withousignificandifference among them (x2 =3.824,P=0.281).The incidence rateof Dwere 11.8％,13.2％,15.4％,27.0％ and 62.5％ in patientwith disease courseof lesthan 5 years,5-10 years,＞ 10-15 years,＞ 15-20 yearand ove20 years,respectively,with significandifference among differendisease duration(x2 =57.518,P =0.000).No significandifference waseen in the prevalence of Damong groupwith body weighindiceof ＜18.5,18.5-22.9,23.0-24.9 and ≥25.0 (16.7％,23.3％,16.8％,19.7％) (x2 =2.099,P =0.718) and differentreatmenmethod,such aoral antidiabetidrugs,insulin injection ocombination treatmen(18.8％,25.9％,19.8％,respectively) (x2 =1.477,P=0.478).The questionnaire survey showed close relevancy between gender,disease duration,fasting glucose concentration,family history of diabetes,and whethefunduexamination waperformed (P =0.025,0.000,0.001,0.003,0.039).ConclusionThe prevalence rate of Dwaassociated with the awarenesfodiabeteand treatmenmodes.Gender,disease duration,family history of diabetes,fasting glucose concentration and submission to eye examination are the independenrisk factorof DR.

Objective To select microRNAs (miRNA) associated with human cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM). Methods Total RNA was extracted from 6 tissue samples of MM and 9 human control samples of pigmented nevi, and small RNAs of less than 200 bp were enriched, miRNA microarray was used to select differentially expressed miRNAs between tissue samples of MM and pigmented nevi from 468 candi-dates. The expression of differentially expressed miRNAs was confirmed by fluorescence based real-time quan-titative PCR (qPCR) in all of these samples. Those miRNAs that were identified as differentially expressed with both miRNA microarray and qPCR were considered as significant miRNAs. Results Between the tissue samples of MM and pigmented nevi, 12.18% to 86.33% of miRNAs differentially expressed by more than 2 folds, 1.28% to 19.02% by more than 5 folds, and 0.43% to 5.34% by more than 10 folds. The expression of miRNA-21 was obviously up-regulated, while that of miRNA-320 and miRNA-494 was down-regulated in the MM samples. Conclusion There is an increase in the expression of homo sapiens miRNA-21 but a decrease in that of miRNA-320 and miRNA-494 in MM tissues.

Objective To observe the outcome of the implementation of personalized enteral nutrition of severe acute pancreatitis patients. Methods 24 patients with severe acute pancreatitis admitted from June 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014 were divided into experimental group and control group according to the random number table method. Control group calculated the energy supply according to the basic energy expend formula while experimental group according to the actual enery expend formula. Hemoglobin, albumin, C-reactive protein, serum and urine amylase, complication rate, hospitalization time and cost changes were compared. Results 7 days after enteral nutrition, hemoglobin content and albumin content of experimental group were higher than those of control group [(130.50±17.60) g/L vs.(126.33±23.96) g/L, t=-4.231, P<0.05; (40.88±4.66) g/L vs.(36.29±3.45) g/L, t=-2.263, P<0.05]. And C-reactive protein of experimental group were lower than that of control group [(47.62±9.89) mg/L vs.(58.22±11.23) mg/L, t=3.618, P<0.05]. Hospitalization time and cost of experimental group were lower than those of control group [(22.50±5.85) d vs.(16.75±6.47) d, t=12.272, P<0.01; (36 364.76±2 162.08) yuan vs.(14 143.44±3 921.78) yuan, t=9.421, P<0.01]. Conclusions The implementation of personalized enteral nutrition is more hepful for the physiological requirements of individual patients, and not affect the pancreatic secretion. At the same time, inflammatory mediators can be reduced and also reduce the economic burden of patients and society.

Objective To investigate the head and neck CTA findings and cerebral CTPI in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA),and their relationship with frequency of TIA,duration and CTA detected responsible vessels.Methods 180 TIA patients were selected as the research subjects,the GE Lightspeed 64 spiral CT perfusion CT scan and CTA examination were taken,and the differences in CTPI parameters measurement,head and neck artery disease of patients were analyzed.To observe the correlation between CTPI perfusion abnormalities in patients with TIA seizure frequency,duration and NIHSS score.The CTPI perfusion abnormalities and consistency of CTA display of responsible vessels were analyzed.Results The positive rate of CTPI examination was 75.56％,that of CTA examination was 81.11％.The positive rate of patients(NIHSS ≥4 points) with CTPI was 88.89％,which was higher than 66.67 ％ in patients (NIHSS ＜ 4 points) with CTPI (x2 =6.87,P ＜ 0.05).The positive rate of patients (seizures time ≥ 10min) with CTPI TIA was 71.43％,which was higher than 45.45 ％ of the patients (seizures time ＜ 10m in) with CTPI (x2 =7.23,P ＜ 0.05).The CTPI positive rate of patients with the TIA seizure frequency ≥ 2 times/d was 83.33％,which was higher than 61.67％ of patients with the seizure frequency ＜ 2 times/d(x2 =5.48,P ＜ 0.05).The CTPI positive and CTA responsibility vascular consistent proportion was 73.33 ％,which was significantly higher than 26.67％ of both inconsistent and negative (x2 =19.43,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The cerebral CTPI and head and neck CTA can response to TIA in patients with intracranial lesions accurately,consistency and clinical manifestations are very good,which have higher value in clinical application.

[Objective]To study the best time for infusing antibiotics as prophylaxis against infection in hip arthroplasty.[Method]Ninty cases of hip arthroplasty were divided into 6 groups randomly with 15 cases each.Ampicillin(UNASYN,1.5g) and cefuroxime axetil(Zinacef, 2.0g) was administered by intravenous infusion respectively one day or one hour before operation or 30 minutes after the operation began.Blood samples from peripheral vein,cancellous bone of acetabulum when reaming,medullary canal of femur when rasping and catheter right after the operation were harvested.Serum Bactericidal Activities(SBAs) were determined by minim dilution technique and were compared between the groups.[Result]SBAs of UNASYN and Zinacef are similar to the bacteria most commonly causing infection after prosthesis implantation such as staphylococcus.Percentage at SBA≥1:8 of UNASYN and Zinacef is significantly more at the beginning of operation and when reaming acetabulum than the other groups(P

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Head ; innervation ; Humans ; Neuritis ; therapy