OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the pharmacoeconomics of cefathiamidine, ceftriaxone sodium, cefuroxime sodium, amoxicillin sodium/clavulanate potassium and cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium in the treatment of pediatric bronchopneumo-nia,and to provide reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:By retrospective study,338 children with broncho-pneumonia were divided into groups A,B,C,D and E according to different therapy regimens. There were 75,65,76,66 and 56 cases in groups A,B,C,D and E,and they were given cefathiamidine,ceftriaxone sodium,cefuroxime sodium,amoxicillin sodium/clavulanate potassium and cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium intravenously. The pharmacoeconomics of therapy regi-mens in group A,B,C,D and E were evaluated by cost-effectiveness analysis and decision tree analysis model. RESULTS:The effective rates of groups A,B,C,D and E were 93.33%,90.77%,96.05%,87.88% and 87.50%,respectively. The treatment cost of those groups were 1 929.09,2 173.73,1 611.91,1 661.42,1 801.32 yuan,respectively. The cost/effectiveness(C/E)ratio of those groups were 20.67,23.95,16.78,18.91,20.59,respectively. The treatment cost of group C was the smallest,so was the C/E. Results of cost-effectiveness analysis were supported by sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS:Cefuroxime sodium is the best treatment for pediatric bronchopneumonia among 5 antibiotics in respect of cost-effectiveness.

Objective To investigate the effects of emotional care on the quality of life of breast cancer patients undergoing radical operation.Methods Emotional nursing intervention was conduced to 70 breast cancer patients undergoing radical operation. The modified life quality scale was used before and after the radical operations for the investigation of their quality of life.Result The score on the quality of life after emotional care was significantly higher than that after the emotional care(t=-2.07,P<0.05).Conclusion Emotional care may raise breast cancer patients’quality of life after the radical mastectomy.

Objective To compare the killing effect of cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs) induced by dendritic cells transduced recombinant adenovirus associated virus (rAAV ) with different hepatitis B virus gene fragment (rAAV‐HBV‐S ,C ,E ,X ) . Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) from chronic hepatitis B patients were isolated and transduced recombinant adeno‐associated virus with different hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigen gene fragment (rAAV‐HBV‐S ,C ,E ,X) ,then GM‐CSF ,IL‐4 and TNFαwere added to cultivate for 7 days to generate mature dendritic cells (DCs) .The state of DCs were observed and differen‐tiation antigen molecules (CD)were detected by flow cytometry(FACS)to evaluate their maturation and function .Cytotoxic T lym‐phocytes (CTLs) were induced by the mixed cuture of DCs with prepared T lymphocytes .HepaG2 .2 .15 and HepaG2 were targed cells and the killing effect of CTLs wered compared using MTS assay .Results The expression of phenotype CD14 ,CD80 ,CD83 , CD86 from DCs transduced with rAAV‐HBV‐S ,C ,E ,X were compared ,respectively .Of which ,CD80 ,CD86 were significantly dif‐ferent(P<0 .05) .CD80 in group rAAV‐HBV‐X was the highest ,and CD83 in group rAAV‐HBV‐S was the highest .Cytotoxic effect of CTL induced by DC transduced with HBV antigen gene fragment of rAAV (S ,C ,E ,X) to target cells with HBV (HepG2 . 2 .15 cells) were significantly higher than that of without HBV target cells (HepG2 cells) (P<0 .01) ,but the four groups were no significant difference ,respectively(P>0 .05) .Conclusion HBV‐S ,C ,E ,X genes all induce M HC‐I dependently cytotoxic T‐lym‐phocytes specific response based adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector delivery into dendritic cells .

Objective To explore the alteration in ethology and change of muscle fibers of gastronomies of rats following spinal cord injury(SCI). Methods 108 Wistar rats were divided into sham operation group (n=38) and SCI group (n=38) and rehabilitation group (n=32).The ethology was evaluated by Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale (BBB Scale), and the alteration of muscle tissue's reactivitywas observed by immunohistochemistry staining. Results The BBB scores of rehabilitation group were higher than SCI group 3weeks after injury, but all was lower than 10. The cross section areas of gastrocnemius in both groups were getting smaller, but the rehabilitationgroup was slighter. Conclusion Spontaneous recovery occurred in some degree for rats' hind limb after spinal cord injury. Rehabilitationtraining is beneficial for the recovery of rats' motor function, and alleviates the atrophy of hind limb after spinal cord injury.

This paper analyzes the necessity of offering medical English courses at the preclinical stage,introduces the online medical English listening course,summarizes its characteristics:rich in content,highly interactive,quick in feedback,fair in assessment,and puts forward some suggestions for perfecting this course in the future.

Objective To compare the operations for patients with colorectal cancer through laparoscopic or traditional surgery.Methods Sixty-one colorectal cancer patients,who underwent laparoscopic surgery were enrolled into the observation group.Forty patients with colorectal cancer,who underwent traditional surgery were enrolled into the control group.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss and hospitalization time were observed.Results The operation time of the control group was less than that of the observation group(P ＜ 0.01).The intraoperative blood loss and hospitalization time of the observation group were less than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.01).In the lymph node dissection,there was no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery for treatment colorectal cancer can effectively remove cancer cells,dissect lymph nodes.

Objective To explore the effects of electrical stimulation below the contraction threshold on apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 in cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction in rats.Methods Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:a sham-operated group,a myocardial infarction group,an ischemic electrical stimulation group and a non-ischemic electrical stimulation group.TdT-mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)was used to investigate apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR)and immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the expression of caspase-3.Results ①Compared with the sham-operated group,the amount of apoptotic cardiomyocytes increased significantly in the two electrical stimulation groups and the ischemic myocardium group.Compared with the ischemic myocardium group,apoptotic cardiomyocytes decreased significantly in the two electrical stimulation groups.There was no significant difference between the two electrical stimulation groups.②Compared with the sham-operated group,in the ischemic myocardium group and the two electrical stimulation groups,expression of caspase-3 increased significantly.Compared with the ischemic myocardium group,expression of caspase-3 decreased significantly in the two electrical stimulation groups.There was again no significant difference between the two electrical stimulation groups.Conclusions Electrical stimulation below the contraction threshold can reduce ischemic cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats.The mechanisms may be associated with down-regulation of the expression of caspase-3.Electrical stimulation below the contraction threshold of the myocardium can also reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats.

ObjectiveTo summarize the effect of staged operations strategy for delayed spontaneous rupture of esophagus with empyema.MethodsThree patients in the department of thoracic surgery of the second affiliated hospital of Guangzhou medical university underwent staged operative treatment for delayed spontaneous rupture of esophagus with empyema.The primary operative procedure consisted of removal of empyema sac,T-tube drainage and jejunostomies.The second operative procedure included alimentary reconstruction with thoracic esophageal resection and exclusion,or with esophageal resection and exclusion later.ResultsAll cases were cured with mean hospitalization of 78.7 days.None of them had any dysphagia at followup of 5-14 months.ConclusionDelayed spontaneous rupture of esophagus with empyema can be managed safely and effectively through staged operations strategy.

Objective To study the clinical anesthetic effect of butorphanol combined with propofol in painless gastroscopy. Methods 90 patientswith stomachache check were randomly divided into observation group and control group,45 cases each. The observation group was received butorphanol combined with propofol and the control group were treated with fentanyl combined with propofol. The heart rate of pa-tients before anesthesia,during checking and conscious,the change of blood pressure and oxygen saturation,respiratory depression and anes-thetic effect were analyzed. Results The heart rate,blood pressure and oxygen saturation of two groups after treatment were decreased,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0. 05). The total volume of propofol and respiratory depression between the two groups were compared,the differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05). Conclusion Butorphanol combind with propofol in painless gastroscopy with long anesthesia time and low respiratory depression,which was worthy of promotion.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of gynostemma on myocardium and its mechanism in patients with diabetes associated with hyperlipemia.Methods 178 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia from the department of endocrinology in our hospital were selected and divided into two groups, 89 cases in the control group treated with basic treatment of diabetes+atorvastatin, 89 cases in the experiment group received gynostemma on the basis of the control group, myocardial injury index, blood glucose level, blood lipid level, serum cytokine levels and serum oxidative stress response indexes were detected and compared after the treatment.Results Compared with the control group, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), creatine kinase(CK), CK-MB, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were lower in the experiment group after treatment, fasting plasma glucose(FPG), 2h postprandial blood glucose(2hPG), HbA1c level were lower after treatment, serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides( TG ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) were lower, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) level was higher after treatment, serum level of adiponectin(ADPN) was higher, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-18(IL-18) levels were lower after treatment, serum levels of malondialdehyde(MDA), reactive oxygen species(ROS) were lower, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD) levels were higher after treatment, with significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion Gynostemma can significantly reduce the cardiac muscle damage of patients with diabetes associated with hyperlipemia , plays a role in myocardial protection, the mechanism may be to reduce blood glucose and blood lipid levels, inhibit the inflammatory reaction caused by inflammatory cytokines, improve the antioxidant capacity of the body and reduce oxidative stress damage.