Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Coal Mining ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Middle Aged ; Psychology, Industrial ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the distribution features of phosphorylated p 44/42 extracellular signal-regulated kinase(p-ERK) induced by affective pain in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of the rat.Methods Twelve male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group (n=6) and spinal nerve ligation (SNL) group (n=6).The rats of the SNL group were exposed to unilateral L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) surgery.The behavior was examined by mechanical pain thresholds (MPTs) and the pain affect was measured using open-field test, elevated zero maze.The expressions of p-ERK in ACC (AP 3.2,2.7,2.2mm from Bregma) were detected with immunofluorescence test .Results In comparison with the control group , the unilateral mechanical pain threshold in the SNL group decreased significantly after operation . The operation also resulted in pronounced anxiety-like behavior .The p-ERK labelled cells in different levels of ACC ( AP 3.2,2.7,2.2mm from Bregma) of SNL rats were (11.89 ±2.57),(32 ±4.67 ) and (17.56 ±2.04 ), respectively, while the control group rats were (12.44 ±2.16),(10 ±0.87 ) and (10.11 ±1.36).These data indicated that compared with the control group, the expressions of p-ERK in ACC(AP 2.7,2.2mm from Bregma) increased significantly in the SNL group after operation(P<0.01), besides for the level of ACC(AP 3.2mm from Bregma) (P>0.05).Conclusion The results suggest that the neuropathic pain can result in anxiety-like behavior and increased expressions of p-ERK in ACC of the rat.This change may be closely related to the expressions of p-ERK in ACC(AP 2.7,2.2mm from Bregma), but not to the level of ACC(AP 3.2mm from Bregma).

Objective To explore the relationship between mechanical withdrawal threshold ( MWTs) and local cutaneous blood perfusion ( BP ) in rats with acute inflammation induced by carrageenan.Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley ( SD) rats were randomly divided into control and model groups.The acute inflammatory rat model was established by subcutaneously injecting with carrageenan into the left hindpaw.MWTs were measured by Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer 37450 before injection ( as base) of carrageenan and at 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h after carrageenan injection. The local cutaneous BP was detected by Pericam Perfusion Speckle Imager ( Pericam PSI) at the time after measuring of MWTs.The above two behaviors were compared and the relationship between them was analyzed.Results MWTs of the model group rats were decreased while BP significantly increased than that in the control group ( P<0.01 ) .The MWTs and BP in the model rats showed a negative correlation, especially the correlation index showed significant differences at 4 h and 72 h after carrageenan injection ( P<0.01) .Conclusions Carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats causes significant changes in mechanical pain threshold, which has a negative correlation with local cutaneous blood perfusion.

OBJECTIVE:To introduce high-value drug insurance access mechanism in Australia,and to provide suggestion for improving orphan drug medical insurance access in China. METHODS:By literature study and policy analysis,access principle, risk-sharing mechanism and restricted use principle of high-value drug insurance access in Australia were summarized and analyzed, so as to evaluate the effects of high-value drug insurance access mechanism. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The inclusion of high-value drug in Australian National Formulary considers not only the cost-effectiveness ratio,but also the drug’s clinical effica-cy,irreplaceability and the social principles;risk-sharing mechanism and restricted use principle achieve a good balance between the accessibility of patient’s medication and the sustainability of health insurance fund;remarkable results are achieved in guarantee-ing patient’s medication and strengthening basic medical insurance. It is recommended to perfect orphan drugs medical insurance ac-cess standard,introduce risk-sharing mechanism and standardize the use of orphan drugs and reimbursement in China.

Objective To analyze the significance of the waistline (WC), body mass index (BMI) and hyperinsulinaemia (HIns) on evaluating the metabolic syndrome. Methods The data of routine clinical examination were collected from the mid-aged and senile individuals (middle-senile group) who received oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes screening, and from a group of subjects who received annual OGTT for diabetes screening (mature group). Data were collected by a specialized person, input into a special computer database, and then analyzed with SAS 5.0 software by specialized staffs. Abnormal WC and BMI were determined according to IDF and CDS criteria. HIns was determined if fasting insulin (FIns) ≥15mU/L and 2-hour insulin after glucose burdening (2hPIns) ≥80mU/L. Results In the middle-senile group, the abnormality frequencies of WC and HIns as well as overall insulin level were obviously higher than that in the mature young group. The abnormality frequency of BMI was higher in mature young group. A higher detection rate of HIns existed in intolerance glucose test (IGT) and normal glucose test (NGT). The coincidence of WC and BMI diagnostic criteria were 77.5% and 74.3%, respectively, on evaluating with or without obesity in the middle-senile group and mature young group. When only WC criterion was used for evaluating the existence of insulin resistance, there would be 28.2% of missed diagnosis rate for MS patients. Conclusion WC, BMI and HIns are all risk factors for abnormal glucose metabolism, hypertension and dyslipidemia. There is different prevalence among different populations. The combination of WC, BMI and HIns might be more helpful for identifying MS at early stage.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its risk factors in the population of age between 21 to 78 years in Beijing, and to study the clinical significance of evaluation of MS and hyperinsulinaemia by the use of waist circumference and body mass index (BMI). Methods A standard questionnaire and 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were used in the investigation. All the data, including plasma glucose (fasting blood glucose level and postprandial glucose level), blood levels of insulin, blood lipid, blood uric acid, and creatinine, as well as height, weight, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, body mass, were determined or measured. Obesity was defined by WC and BMI value. The incidence of obesity complicated with two abnormal metabolic disorders (IDF), as well as hyperinsulinaemia in these subjects, were analyzed. Results The prevalence of obesity as determined by WC and BMI were 20.6% and 41.5%, respectively, in the said popalation of Beijing (P0.05) in subjects of obesity complicated with two other metabolic abnormality as defined by WC and BMI criteria, accounting for 1.37% and 3.13% of the whole investigated population (P

0.999) and the limits of detection were 0.03-0.6 ng/ml. The average recoveries were 85.5%-113.1%, RSDs were 1.8%-4.6%. Conclusion With the accuracy, high sensitivity and reproducibility, the method is suitable for the determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in the honey.

Objective To know the situation of HCH and DDT residues in the health foods in Shandong Province, China. Methods HCH and DDT residues in 102 different kinds of health food samples were determined by capillary gas chromatography in 2006. Results The detection rate of HCH was 100%, the eligible rate was 97%, as for DDT, they were 62.7% and 96.1% respectively. Conclusion The situation of organochlorine pesticide residues in the health foods in Shandong Province is not satisfactory and to ensure the quality of the health foods, a powerful supervision should be taken, the raw materials of the health foods should be natural and no pollution.

In the present paper,the authors review progresses of researches on the protective effect of acupuncture in resisting acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients and animals from 1) resisting injury of oxygen-derived free radicals,2) reducing intracellular Ca2+ overload,3) relieving dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells of the myocardium,4) regulating immune functional activity and reducing inflammatory injury,5) reducing cardiocyte apoptosis,6) upregulating the expression of heat shock protein(HSP 70) in the myocardium,and 7) regulating activities of multiple cardiovascular protection factors and intracellular signaling pathways.The abovementioned results are mainly obtained from experimental animal studies.For this reason,the authors hold that the coming researches on acupuncture therapy for cardiovascular disorders should pay more attention to its clinical application,for example,controlled blood-pressure decline induced lower perfusion of the coronary artery,cardiac surgery(percutaneous tranluminal coronary angioplasty,intracardiac operation underdirect vision) etc.

Objective To investigate the differences of coronary artery lesion between myocardial infarction patients with or without ST segment elevation. Methods This study included 126 confirmed myocardial infarction patients with acute ST segment elevation (STEMI) and 96 confirmed myocardial infarction patients with acute non-ST segment elevation (NSTEMI). All patients received coronary angiography and the results were compared between two groups. Results More myocardial patients were with single vessel disease in STEMI group as compared with NSTEMI group (44% vs 14%, P