syuclein is regarded as a presynaptic protein, which may play an important role in neuronal plasticity. However, abnormal accumulation of fibrillar ?-synuclein and mutation of ?-synuclein gene can affect the survival of neurons. Its aggregation and interaction with other proteins are the most critical factors. ?-synuclein is a precursor of non-amyloid component of senile plaques in Alzheimers disease. It is likely that ?-synuclein is associated with Alzheimers pathology. In this paper, we summarize the progress in the normal physical function of ?-synuclein and the mechanism in Alzheimers disease.

AIM: To develop a HPLC fingerprint of flavones in Grynostemma pentaphyllum for the quality evaluation. METHODS: To extract flavones in G.pentaphyllum by reflux with methanol.After being optimized the HPLC condition,the fingerprint of flavones in G.pentaphyllum was developed and validated.10 batches of G.pentaphyllum were then analysed. RESULTS: 7 peaks in fingerprint profile were selected as characteristic peaks for validation.In precision,stability and repeatability studies,the RSDs of relative retention time and relative peak area were less than 0.5% and 5%,respectively.Similarities of the 10 batches of G.pentaphyllum were more than 0.8. CONCLUSION: The HPLC fingerprint of flavones in G.pentaphyllum can be used for quality evaluation of flavones in G.pentaphyllum.

AIM To determine whether the previous treatment with dopamin can reduce renal immunocompetence in rats hot ischemie-reperfusion injury animal model. METHODS The Lewis rats were filled continuously for 48 h with a range density dopamin (2,5,10 ?g?kg -1 ?min -1 ) before hot ischemia. Served as contrast, the male Lewis rats were filled with NaCl. After pressing the left renal artery for 1 hour, we analysed the right renal HO-1 amount, and after 5 d, the left renal was taken for immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS The previous treatment with dopamin can reduce renal monocyte infiltration and expression of MHC-Ⅱ as well as raise renal HO-1 amount. CONCLUSION The previous treatment with dopamin can reduce ischemie-reperfusion injury renal immunocompetence.

Objective: To identify the reasons for misdiagnosis of primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC) in order to promote its diagnosis.Methods: 51 misdiagnosed PHC cases were analyzed retrospectively.Results: The misdiagnosis rate of PHC was 19.4%(51/263).The misdiagnosed cases included chronic hepatitis,hepatic cirrhosis,liver abscess,cholecystitis,gall-bladder stone,acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis,liver hemangioma,Meniere's disease,acute abdomen,peptic ulcer,gastroenteritis,joint diseases,pulmonary infections,lung cancer and pleuritis,etc.Conclusion: No specific manifestation at early stage and diversified features mid-late stage of HPC cause misdiagnosis.For the purpose of decreasing misdiagnosis rate of HPC,clinicians should pay attention to the special and metastatic signs of HPC,overall physical examination and continuous laboratory and imaging examinations to lessen the occurrence of misdiagnosis.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in geriatrics, Methods To analyze retrospectively the clinical data of 107 geriatric upper gastrointestinal bleeding confirmed by gastroscope or operation and another 136 non - geriatric upper gastrointestinal bleeding cases were compared. Results The most common reason of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in geriatrics is peptic ulcer(34. 58% ) .followed by gastric cancer with 18. 69%. 28. 03% of bleeding did not have typical clinical manifestation. The rates of re - bleeding, multi - bleeding and heavy bleeding were 64. 48% ,21. 5% and 2804% , respectively. The bleeding time more than one week occurred in 25. 23% of the patients,bleeding mortality was 13. 08% . 27. 10% of patients were misdiagnosis at primary visit, which had statistical difference comparing with non - geriatric patients,P

Objective To investigate the effect of dopamine pretreatment on the renal immunocompetence in a rat brain death animal model.Methods Dopamine (2, 6, 10 and 14??g?kg -1 ?ml -1 ) was continuously infused intravenously in a rat brain death animal model. 6 h later, the kidney was removed for immunohistochemical assay. Results Dopamine pretreatment could inhibit the infiltration of renal monocytes, and the expression of MHC II and P selektin in a dose dependent manner.Conclusion Dopamine pretreatment could obviously reduce the renal immunocompetence in a rat brain death model.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the economical effects of four treatment schemes on type2diabetes.METHODS:Four treatment schemes(Group A:Acarbose;Group B:Gliclazide+Metformin;Group C:Insulin;Group D:Repaglinide+Met?formin)of type2diabetes were compared by a cost-effect analysis method in pharmacoeconomics.RESULTS:After treatment for3months,fasting blood glucose level of four schemes were of significant differences(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Blood sug_ ar level can be controlled to an ideal level through the four treatment schemes;while Group D is better considering the sensi?tivity of organism to insulin,the function of?cell and the overall efficiency.

The present assessment about the work achievements inspection of university in-structors turns out such a actuality as excessive qualitative ingredient,the insufficient quota ingre-dient,incomprehensive inspection project and limited inspection scope.This article made a theoreti-cal analysis of the establishment of the pertinent inspection target system and the quota inspection method,aiming to establish an inspection system with the leaders,the colleagues,the students as the appraisal main body,and proposed the concrete implementation means of the work achievements in-spection of university instructors.

Objective Analyzing the nonlinear dynamics of the TCP-RED congestion control system is of great importance. This study will help investigate the loss of stability in Internet and design a proper method for controlling bifurcation and chaos in such system. Methods Based on bifurcation diagram, the effect of parameter on system performance is discussed. By using the state feedback and parameter variation strategy, a simple real time control method is proposed to modify the existing RED scheme. Results With our control method, the parametric sensitivity of RED mechanism is attenuated. Moreover, a sufficient condition on the robust stability of the system is also derived to adjust the parameters in TCP-RED system. Conclusion The proposed method has the advantages of simple implementation and unnecessary knowledge of the exact system.

The results of comparing the social anxiety between the college students of China and the USA show that there is big difference between them but no significant difference between males and females.The scores of IAS of the students from villages are significantly higher than those from city.There is significant difference between college students and postgraduates and no remarkable difference between the other students of different academic degrees.Totally,the social anxiety level gradually goes down with the increase of degree.Science students' IAS level is significantly higher than that of art students.Insignificant difference is indicated between the students from one-child families and those from non-one-child families,but greatly significant difference between student leaders and non-student leaders.