The clinical symptoms of functional constipation in the elderly are more unique which represents as over concern about their bowel movement,excessive straining and worse feelings to the constipation.The intestinal physiological function declining with age,reductions of enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal,neuronal degeneration and injured contractibility of intestinal smooth cells are enrolled in the pathogenesis of functional constipation.More attention should be paid to drug interactions and adverse effects in clinical practice due to more underlying disease and concomitant medication in the elderly.

Genome replication of reovirus occurs in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies called viral factories or viroplasms. The viral nonstructural protein μNS, encoded by genome segment M3, is not a component of mature virions, but is expressed to high levels in infected cells and is concentrated in the infected cell factory matrix. Recent studies have demonstrated that μNS plays a central role in forming the matrix of these structures, as well as in recruiting other components to them for putative roles in genome replication and particle assembly.

Objective: To examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Friendship Quality Inventory(FQI). Methods:1166 undergraduates were administered the Chinese version of FQI. Using EFA and CFA, a four-factor model was tested. The internal reliability, test-retest reliability and item-analysis were also examined. Results:EFA showed that undergraduates' friendship quality was composed of assistance and support, friends conflicts, companionship and intimacy. The NFI(0.993)、RFI(0.990)、TLI(0.995)、IFI(0.992)、CFI(0.995)、RMSEA(0.051)all met the criteria for adequacy of fit in CFA. The Cronbach's a coefficient of FQI was 0.754 and the four dimensions was 0.585～0.713; The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.792; The correlation coefficient of item-between-item in the same dimension was 0.184～0.470. Conclusion:The Chinese version of FQI has good reliability, validity as well as discrimination .

Objective To investigate the effect of membrane-cytoskelet on linker Ezrin in the invasion and migration of human adenocarcinoma cells line AGS. Methods Two small hair RNA targeting Villin2 gene ( Ezrin coding gene) was designed,chemically synthesized and inserted into plasmid pGenesil-shRNA,then transformed into E. coli DH5 ?. The recombinant plasmid was extracted in middle quantity and transfected into AGS cells by LipofectamineTM 2000. Ezrin expression in AGS cells transfected by shRNA recombinant plasmid was measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting. AGS cells were transfected by effective shRNA plasmid and cultured in 1640 media containing G418 ( 800 ?g/ml) . RT-PCR and Western blotting were applied respectively to detect the Ezrin mRNA and protein expression to evaluate the blocking effect of shRNA-Ezrin. Cell migration and invasion was determined by scratch test and Transwell chamber assay. Results Our designed shRNA knocked down 93% Ezrin in AGS cells which had a stable expression of Ezrin small hairpin RNAs. The migrated cells number of Ezrin knocked-down group was 27. 67 ? 4. 50,which was significantly decreased compared with the control group ( 125. 50 ? 8. 33,P

Objective To conclude the treatment of femoral shaft fractures with ipsilateral femoral neck or intertrochanteric fractures by dynamic condlar screw(DCS) and proximal femoral nail(PFN).Methods From January 1998 to June 2005,35 patients of femoral shaft fractures were studied.10 patients were associated with ipsilateral femoral neck fractures,25 patients with ipsilateral intertrochanteric fractures.9 cases were treated with DCS.26 cases were treated with PFN.Results The follow-up ranged from 6 to 30 months with an average of 18 months.All the fractures healed up well except that 2 cases happened with ischemic femoral necrosis.The rate fractures healing was 94%.Conclusion DCS is an ideal method to treat stable fractures.PFN is excellent in less invasion and shorten operation time.DCS and PFN have obvious advantages of reliable fixation short,clinical healing time and post-operative restored function.

Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) is the product of excellence technology.It reschedules,registers according to tumor's size,shape and alteration of relative position with the surrounding tissue during the treatment.Thereby it raises the accuracy of the conformal radiotherapy.The technology is gradually being chosen by more and more patients.The technology can increase the rate of local control significantly,while reducing the occurrence of radiation-related adverse reactions.

Six patients with lung cancer treated with therapy were included. They were retrieved the image and re-planned by fraction 10. The volume of GTV was reduced (65. 59 ± 17. 09)% after three-stage treatments. The doses of target tumor were the same in three-stage treatments. Compared with IMRT, ART1 reduced V20 , V30 , MLD of whole lung by 2. 01%,2. 66%,241. 78 cGy(P=0. 005,0. 039,0. 026). Compared with ART1,ART2 further re-duced the indexes by 3. 21%,2. 97%,288. 64 cGy(P=0. 005,0. 013,0. 046). The doses of ipsilateral lung were reduced significantly (P<0. 05). But this was not for opposite lung. The dose V50,Dmean of heart and V55 of esopha-gus were similar to each plan. Dmean of esophagus with ART1 was smaller than with IMRT(261. 98 cGy,P=0. 002) and Dmean of esophagus with ART2 was smaller than with ART1(300. 43 cGy,P=0. 008). D2% and Dmean of spinal cord were reduced in turn significantly(P<0. 05).

Artificial bone replacement has made an important contribution to safeguard human health and improve the quality of life. The application requirements of rapid prototyping technology based on reverse engineering in individualized artificial bone with individual differences are particularly urgent. This paper reviewed the current research and applications of rapid prototyping and reverse engineering in artificial bone. The research developments and the outlook of bone kinematics and dynamics simulation are also introduced.
Biomedical Engineering ; Bone Substitutes ; Bone and Bones ; Humans

Sarcomas are tumors of mesenchymal origin that account for approximately 1%of human cancers. There are at least 60 dif-ferent subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). However, most tumor types are highly malignant tumors that lack an optimal therapeutic agent. Although gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) responds well to imatinib, other types of STSs remain challenging because of their heterogeneous genetic and clinical features and poor prognosis. In recent years, the field of molecular targeted therapy has pro-gressed rapidly. Patients with advanced disease can receive individualized treatment to improve their quality of life. This review focus-es on the targeted therapies that have been evaluated for advanced non-GIST STS. Other promising novel therapeutic agents that are currently in the early phases of investigation are also presented.

Objective To evaluate the special roles of modified procedure of instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) for the treatment of the isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis. Methods Surgical procedure was modified. The definitive reduction of the spondylolisthesis using pedicle screw instrumentation was followed by primary reduction using intervertebral disc space distraction and interbody fusion with insert cages and local morselized bone after decompressive laminectomy. A prospective, single-cohort, observational study of the clinical outcomes and radiological data, was assessed in a series of 46 patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis who underwent surgery from January 1999 to February 2004. The clinical outcomes were evaluated according to Oswestry disability questionnaire, and the radiographic data included slipping degree, slipping angle and posterior height of intervertebral disc. Thin-section helical computed tomography (CT) scanning was used in 5 cases post-operatively to assess the interbody fusion. Results Post-operatively, the slipping degree reduced, the posterior heights of intervertebral space increased and slipping angle decreased. The radiographic data had no obvious loss in mean follow-up time of 36 months (range, 12-73 months). Thin-section helical CT study clearly demonstrated the radiographic presence or absence of bridging bone, and solid bony fusion could be obtained at least one year after operation. The objective clinical outcomes of the Oswestry disability questionnaire were in average 33.6?6.4 before operation and 17.6?5.5 after operation. Conclusion The modified procedure as described offers advantages for isthmic spondylolisthesis, not only in substantial deformity correction, but also in suitable interbody cages choosen and normal sagital plane alignment restoration.