Objective To investigate the incidence of urological malignancy in renal allograft recipients and explore the mechanism of increased incidence in China and the management. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 22 patients with urological malignancy in renal allograft recipients between 1978 and 2010. Results Twenty-two cases of urological malignancy were diagnosed by pathologic evidence, including 9 cases of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of bladder, 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma of bladder, 1 case of adenocarcinoma of bladder, 1 case of TCC of pelvis, 1 case of TCC of bladder and pelvis, 1 case of TCC of ureter complicated with adenocarcinoma of bladder, 2 cases of TCC of ureter, 2 cases of TCC of ureter and bladder, 3 cases of clear cell carcinoma of kidney, and 1 case of undifferentiated carcinoma of kidney. All the malignancies belonged to native organs. All the patients suffering bladder cancer had normal function of allograft. Five patients with TCC of pelvis or ureter survived and 2 cases died early after operation. All the patients suffering renal carcinoma deceased within 6 months after diagnosis. One-year survival rate was 73. 7 % after the diagnosis of urological malignancy. Conclusion Urological malignancy ranked highest in malignancy in renal allograft recipients, and rare pathological types of urological malignancy in non-renal allograft recipients are often demonstrated. The strategy of treatment should take consideration of the relationship between the usage of immunosupressive agents and the preservation of allograft function. It is critical for the therapy of malignancies to possess satisfactory allograft function. The prognosis of renal cell carcinoma is poor.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience in treatment of malignant tumors of renal allograft recipients. Methods A retrospective study was performed on renal allograft recipients who received immunosuppressive treatment at least half a year between 1978 and 2005. Results Fifty-eight cases of tumors were found in 1812 cases undergoing renal transplantation, 50 cases of them who had complete clinical data were included into analysis. Forty-four cases, that included 19 cases in rological system, 14 cases in digestive system, 5 cases in blood system, 6 cases in other systems, were diagnosed as having malignant tumors by pathological analysis. Most of them were treated with surgery. One-year survival rate was 68.0% after the diagnosis of malignant tumor. The longest survival time was 6.5 years. Most of the survivals possessed normal function of allograft. Conclusion Systemic follow-up is important for renal allograft recipients who suffered malignant tumors. Surgical operation is still the main therapy for those solid tumors. It is critical for the therapy of malignancies and quality of life to possess satisfactory allograft function. The strategy of treatment should take consideration of the relationship between the decrease dose of immunosuppressive agents and the preservation of allograft function.

Objective To observe the blood supply of the extra hepatic duct and prevent the ischemia of extra hepatic duct after liver transplantation. Methods Microdissection for the main arteries of extra hepatic duct in 15 samples was performed. Results The main arteries supplying extra hepatic duct included cystic artery’s branches and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery’s branches. There were 1~3 cystic artery’s branches and 3~5 posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery’s branches to supply extra hepatic duct. Conclusion The posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is one of the main arteries supplying extra hepatic duct. In orthotopic liver transplantation, this artery is considered to preserve.

Objective To investigate the roles of the cytokine and chemokine in protective immunity of tuberculosis(TB) patient. Methods The RANTES( CCL5) and MIP1-?( CCL3) content of the Supernatant from PBMC stimulated with IL-4、TNF-?、MIP1-?and LPS in TB patients and normal control subjects was assessed using commercially available ELISA kit. Results The RANTES secretion was increased significantly in both TNF-?plus LPS groups[ (1 731. 86?925. 60) ng/L ] and IFN-?plus LPS [(2 120.78?1 120.72)ng/L] compared with LPS group[ (1 102. 56?873. 44) ng/L] in TB patients (P 0. 05). The MIP1-?secretion in response to IL-4、TNF-?、IFN-?was unchanged significantly in PBMC of TB patients and normal subjects. Conclusion TNF-?、IFN-?and RANTES may play important roles in protective immunity of TB patient

Objective To investigate the relationship between the polymorphism of site rs228648 in urotensin Ⅱ gene and the genetic susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus in northern Chinese women. Methods Genotyping was conducted to investigate the polymorphism of site rs228648 (G—A) in urotensin Ⅱgene among 70 unrelated gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) subjects and 70 normal controls. DNA samples isolated from leucocyte of the control and study groups were analyzed for single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the urotensin Ⅱ gene at positions rs228648 using polymerase chain reaction and restriction analysis. Results (1)The distribution of genotype frequencies of site rs228648 accorded with Hardy-Weinberg′s equation law, being colony representative.(2)The frequency of G allele of site rs228648 was 70.7% in GDM group, significantly higher than that in the control group (57.9%, P0.05). (3) Women in control group were more likely to be homozygous for the allele A of site rs228648 than women with GDM. The frequency of A/A genotype of rs228648 was negatively correlated with GDM group. By the logistic procedure, after adjustment by age and gestational weeks, the odds ratio was 0.312 , and Wald Confidence Limites were 0.108 to 0.900 (P= 0.031). Conclusion Urotensin Ⅱ gene may contribute to the genetic susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus in northern Chinese population. G allele of site rs228648 is related to GDM possibly, and that homozygosis A of site rs228648 is likely to be an important protecting factor for GDM.

Objective To establish the quality standard for Tianqi Granule.Methods Radix Notoginseng in Tianqi Granule was identified by TLC.The ginsenoside Rg1 and notoginsenoide R1 in Tianqi were determined by HPLC.Result Radix Notoginseng could be identified by TLC.The linear ranges of ginsenoside Rg1 and notoginsenoide R1 were at 0.628～5.652 ?g(r =0.999 8)and 0.155～1.395 ?g(r =0.999 8),respectively.The average recoveries were 99.24%(RSD=0.84%)and 99.14%(RSD=1.13%).Conclusion The method is simple,accurate and with good reproducibility and high precision,and can be used for quality control of Tianqi Granule.

Objectives:To explore the antiepileptic cellular mechanism of chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).　 Methods: The rats were kindled by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (45mg/kg weight), and chronic VNS was applied to the kindled-rats. The effects of glutamate (Glu) on the intracellular free calcium (［Ca2+］i) of cortical and hippocampal neurons of normal, PTZ-kindled and VNS-treated rats were examined with fluorescence spectrophotometry respectively. The behavioral changes of all rats were observed. 　Results: The neuronal ［Ca2+］i of the VNS-treated rats were significantly lower than that of the PTZ-kindled rats. VNS could significantly inhibit the augmentation of neuronal ［Ca2+］i induced by Glu. Behavioral changes demonstrated that VNS could significantly reduce the severity and prolong the latency of seizures of PTZ-kindled rats. 　Conclusions: VNS could significantly inhibit the kindling effect of PTZ and reduce the excitability of neurons induced by Glu. VNS might exerted the antiepileptic effects by influencing the activation of neural receptors.

Objective: To explore whether abnormal brain activity exists in schizophrenics during resting state by fMRI technique and regional homogeneity(ReHo)approach. Methods: fMRI images were obtained in resting state from 18 patients with schizophrenia diagnosed with the DSM-Ⅳ criteria and 18 control subjects. The newly published ReHo approach was applied for fMRI data analysis. Results: Patients with schizophrenia showed decreased ReHo of BOLD signal in resting brain compared with control subjects(P

Objective To evaluate the effect of percutaneous stenting for renal artery stenosis. Methods Stent implantation was conducted in 27 patients(Interventional Group) with renal artery stenosis from January 1997 to December 2004 in this hospital.Patients' blood pressure,renal functions,and quality of life were recorded and compared with another group of 27 patients receiving medical treatment(Medical Group) during this time. Results The procedure of renal artery stenting was superior to the medical treatment in antihypertensive effect,renal function improvement,raise of life quality,and increase of survival rate.The procedure offered a high success rate(88.9%,24/27) and low re-stenosis rate(12.5%,3/24) and an incidence of complications(18.5%,5/27).The Interventional Group was remarkably superior to the Medical Group with respect to the decrease of blood pressure and creatinine and the increase of glomerular filtration rate,with significant differences.Follow-ups for 6 months ~ 8 years and 6 months(median,1 year and 9 months) revealed that normal daily activities and works were achieved in 19 patients in the Interventional Group and in 12 patients in the Medical Group. Conclusions Percutaneous renal artery stenting in the treatment of renal artery stenosis is effective.

Objective To reconstruct the three-dimensional images of normal liver using 256-slice intelligent CT (iCT)and to measure the volume of liver and its segments.Methods 48 healthy adults underwent abdominal contrast enhancement iCT,and the images in portal venous phase were transmitted to a workstation (EBW4.5)to obtain the three-dimensional images of the liver.The total liver volume was measured,and a scatter plot was gotten between body surface area and liver volume.According to the Couinaud classification of hepatic segment ofⅠ-Ⅷ,the volume of each segment was also measured.Results The mean total liver volume in 48 adults was (1 343.2±238.3)mL,which was positively correlated with body surface area with a correlation coefficient of 0.87 and a regression equation of LV(mL)=763.0×BSA-28.6.The volume of SegmentⅠ-Ⅷ was(24.5±4.3)mL,(148.6±31.6)mL,(110.4±24.9)mL, (222.3±43.0)mL,(212.8±36.5)mL,(186.7±34.7)mL,(164.3±30.8)mL and (273.4±56.1)mL,and their percentage was (1.8±0.2)%,(11.0±1.1)%,(8.2±1.1)%,(16.6±1.4)%,(15.9±1.0)%,(13.0±1.0)%,(12.2±0.7)% and (20.3±1.5)% respec-tively.Conclusion The three-dimensional images of liver and hepatic segments can be well reconstructed by 256 slice iCT.