Objective:In order to explore the maximum and the optimal velocity of front window air in biological safety cabinets and provide a scientific evidence for relevant test. Methods: As classⅡ biological safety cabinet an testing sample, computational fluid dynamics method is adopted to establish numerical model, then made the simulation of front window airflow. Results: The velocity relationship between front window airflow and the internal air has been confirmed. Conclusion:The maximum velocity of the front window flow is 1.4 m/s and the optimal velocity is 1.0 m/s. The tested data and conclusion can give some suggestions and reference for biological safety cabinets detection.

Visual cognition is a comprehensive procedure of information processing from eyes,visual pathway through cerebral cortex.Visual function covers down multiple concepts of ocular structures,psycophysics,photochemistry and photoelectric information transformation,reflecting visual acuity,contrast visual acuity,visual field,color vision,binocular vision,visual perception and many other detailed parameters.Ocular abnormal status is reflected to certain visual function while visual function is various and anfractuous from kinds of ocular problems.These complex networks lead to some misunderstanding of research in the filed of visual function concept.An expatiation of the diversified visual function is helpful for us to integrate visual function and ocular ailment process.This paper tried to explicit some misconceptions,and accentuated the importance of clinical research around visual function for the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases and nervous system diseases.

AIM: To study the tilt of the intraocular lens (IOL) after Nd:YAG capsulotomy (YAG) and variation of the axial length (AL) in patients with posterior capsular opacification (PCO).METHODS: The study involved 18 eyes of 14 patients with PCO after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery and IOL implantation.All patients had taken examinations,including testing best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) by using standard logarithmic visual acuity chart,images of ocular anterior segment and AL by OCT.After the examinations,YAG was operated upon all patients.Each eye received one drop of Diclofenac Sodium Eye Drops immediately after YAG,and patients had taken examinations listed above again.One week later,BCVA and OCT were tested as well.Data (BCVA,tilt of IOLs,and AL) were recorded and analyzed statistically by SPSS.RESULTS: Mean patient age was 73.93±6.94y,including 5 males and 9 females,8 left eyes and 10 right eyes,altogether 14 patients with 18 eyes.In this study,tilt of IOLs was defined as the angle of anterior surface of IOL and pupil plane (briefly called Tilt,unit:°).Before YAG,mean Tilt was 2.896±2.286°,mean AL was 23.56±0.55mm.1h after YAG,mean Tilt was 4.702±2.991°,mean AL was 23.40±0.59mm,and BCVA enhanced 3.72±1.74 lines.1wk after YAG,9 patients with 12 eyes were involved in the study.The mean Tilt of these 12 eyes was 3.175±1.791° 1h after YAG and 3.434±1.835° 1wk after YAG.There were significant differences between Tilt before YAG and Tilt 1h after YAG.There were no significant differences between AL before YAG and AL 1h after YAG.There were no significant differences between Tilt 1h after YAG and Tilt 1wk after YAG.The lines of enhancement of BCVA 1h after YAG was correlated to differences between Tilt before YAG and Tilt 1h after YAG,of which the correlation coefficient was-0.523.CONCLUSION: IOLs of patients with PCO tilted after YAG,while AL rarely changed.After YAG,the less IOLs tilted,the more BCVA enhanced.

Objective To investigate HIV high risk population size estimation method,analyze the epidemic situation in China and offer scientific evidence for policy making. Methods Appropriate methods to estimate different type high risk populations were ascertained by experimental study. Results Size estimation methods and procedures for different type high risk population were formed.Epidemic estimation and parameters fit for China were ascertained.HIV epidemic situation and characteristics were stated. Conclusion Methods formed in the study are the key points for the understanding of number of PLWHA,for the exact judgment of HIV epidemic,for the improvement of inspection system and examination work,for the formation of "Four Free and One Care".

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of holmium-YAG laser-assisted septoplasty for septal deviations under local anesthesia. METHOD: All holmium-YAG laser-assisted septoplasty procedures performed at Beijing hospital (Beijing, China) between August 2009 and May 2012. These patients were operated upon in an outpatient surgical suite. RESULT: The success rate after surgery with regard to nasal obstruction (50 patients) is 92.0% (46 patients) of patients reporting remarkable improvement. Of the 32 patients with rhinologic headaches, A total of 28 subjects (87.5%) had their headache scores improved by 50% or more after surgery; nine (28.1%) were pain free at the last follow-up; four (12.5%) had a less than 25% reduction in their headache score. There were no patients with severe postoperative bleeding. There were no patients with septal perforation. CONCLUSION The holmium-YAG laser-assisted septoplasty is a useful approach to correct septal deviations. There is improved safety due to the enhanced viewing conditions and ample operating space during septal surgery, particularly in posterior septal spurs. The holmium-YAG laser-assisted septoplasty can limit the dissection to the area of deviation, thereby reducing postoperative swelling and the development of complications. It also has other advantages including lower medical costs, and faster return to full activity.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Septum ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

0.05).The relative bioavailability of the lecithin-bound iodine capsules was 117.4%.CONCLUSION: The test and reference preparations of iodized lecithin were bioequivalent.

ObjectiveTo investigate effects of pamidronate on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts of rats in vitro.MethodsOsteoblasts isolated from newborn rat calvaria were treated with various concentrations of pamidronate, the proliferation of osteoblasts was evaluated with the method of methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) and activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in medium was measured with kit of ALP detecting.ResultsThe proliferation of osteoblasts increased under the stimulation of Pamidronate range 10-6-M-10-12 M(P<0.05), but was inhibited at the concentration of high level (10-4 M). The activity of ALP decreased in the experiment.ConclusionPamidronate can act on the osteoblasts directly and increase the proliferation of bone cells, but inhibit the differentiation of the same cells.

Background Evaluation of intra-retinal layer thickness plays an important role in the diagnosis and monitor of various eye diseases,and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a frequently used tool.Software analysis method was used to measure the retinal thickness in previous study,but the study on the reliability of automatic layered software is lack.Objective This study was to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of thickness profile measurement of intra-retinal layers determined by an automated algorithm applied to OCT images from RTVue100 OCT instrument.Methods In this prospective cross-sectional study,retinal thickness images at 6 mm around fovea were obtained from 18 right eyes of 18 normal subjects with RTVue100 OCT instrument.The retinal images were segmented into retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL),ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer(GCL+IPL),inner nuclear layer (INL),outer plexiform layer (OPL),outer nuclear layer (ONL),inner segment (IS),outer segment (OS) and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer using automated algorithm method.Then Matlab software was used to analyze the measuring outcome.Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficients of reproducibility (COR) were calculated from the results of two-time examination by the same examiner to evaluate the repeatability and from the results of two different examiners to assess the reproducibility.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any medical procedure.Results The entire retinal thickness measured by RTVue-OCT was (303.22± 14.10) μm in the horizontal meridian and (306.68 ± 13.32) μm in the vertical meridian,with the maximum values of retinal thickness in the GCL+ IPL and ONL.Whether in the horizontal meridian or in the vertical meridian,the ICC and COR were ＜0.60 in the OPL,IS and OS;while those in the RNFL,GCL+IPL,INL,ONL and RPE layer were ＞0.70.Conclusions RTVue OCT with automated algorithm is a useful and reliable approach to the measurement of intra-retinal layer thickness.Automated segmentation can offer accurate and repeatable thickness profile of OCT retinal image.This method may improve the diagnosis and monitoring of retinal diseases.

Background Angle Kappa is the angle between the pupillary axis and visual axis,and it is a major consideration in corneal refractive surgery and strabismic surgery.Researches showed that age and refractive status affect angle Kappa value,and additionally,the measuring results of angle Kappa are associated with instruments.Objective This study was to investigate and weight the influences of axial length,anterior chamber depth and corneal curvature to angle Kappa.Methods A cross-sectional study was designed.Fifty health volunteers were included from Dec 2009 to Aug 2010,with the age of 18-38 years and average diopter of-1.0 D and best corrected visual acuity of 1.0.The horizontal and vertical angle Kappa was binocular measured with a testing machine designed by laboratory of School of Optometry & Ophthalmology Wenzhou Medical University.IOLMaster was employed to measure the ocular axial length,anterior chamber depth and corneal curvature radius.A multiple linear regression model was established to analyze the influences of axial length,anterior chamber depth and corneal curvature radius to angle Kappa.Results An efficacious regression equation was established as Y =15.554-0.587X1+0.724X2+ 0.232X3 with the independent variables as axial length(X1),anterior chamber depth (X2),corneal curvature (X3) and dependent variable as horizontal angle Kappa (Y) (R =0.788,R2 =0.621,P =0.000).Horizontal angle Kappa showed a negative correlation with axial length (b1 =-0.587,β1 =-1.002,P =0.000) and a positive correlation with anterior chamber depth (b2 =0.724,β32 =0.296,P =0.030).No significant correlation was found between corneal curvature radius and horizontal angle Kappa (b3 =-0.232,β3 =-0.068,P=0.338).A new regression equation was Y =14.235-0.622X1 + 0.824X2 after removed the corneal curvature variable (R =0.786,R2=0.618,P =0.000),with a negative correlation between horizontal angle Kappa and axial length (b1 =-0.622,β1 =-1.062,P＜0.05) or positive correlation between horizontal angle Kappa and the anterior chamber depth (b2 =0.824,β2 =0.337,P＜0.05).In addition,a multiple linear regression equation among 3 independent variables and dependent variable of vertical angle Kappa was Y =0.492-0.020X1 +0.038X2 +0.089X3 (R =0.436,R2 =0.191,P =0.000).However,no significant correlations were seen between vertical angle Kappa and axial length,anterior chamber depth or corneal curvature radius (all at P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Ocular axial length and anterior chamber depth have an obvious influence to horizontal but not vertical angle Kappa.Axial length appears to have more influence to horizontal angle Kappa than anterior chamber depth.