OBJECTIVE To ensure clinical application of standard procedure in the management of dental handpieces collection and sterilization.METHODS To establish the center of sterilization and supply for dental handpieces;to equip with the device for depuration and sterilization;to standardize the procedure for depuration,retrieval,pre-disposal treatment,cleaning,drying,lubrication,envelopment and sterilization.RESULTS The management of collection and sterilization for dental handpieces ensured the clinical application of standard procedure,avoided the exogenous infection and guaranteed the patients safety.CONCLUSIONS The clinical management of collection and sterilization for dental handpieces is an effective method.

The aim of this study is to analyze the evolutional and molecular characteristics of Hemagglutinin (HA),Neuraminidase(NA)and non-structural (NS) genes of H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) from sewage in live bird markets (LBMs) in Changsha,2014.Five hundred and one specimens were collected from environment in LBMs in Changsha,2014,and real-time RT-PCR was used for influenza A typing and subtyping (H5,H7 and H9) detection.Sequencing were used for the positive of single H5.The sequence homology of HA,NA and NS genes of the viruses were analyzed with the online Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST).The phylogenetic trees for HA,NA and NS genes and the ClustalW Multiple alignments of amino acids were constructed using MEGA 5 and BioEdit software,respectively.Results showed that of 501 environmental samples,177 (35.33 ％) samples were positive for influenza A viruses and H5 subtype.Eight H5N1 subtype AIV were confirmed by sequencing from the samples of the positive of single H5.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most of HA genes of the H5N1 subtype AIV strains isolated in Changsha city were located in 2.3.2 and clustered into new subclade,and the most of NA and NS genes in this study were clustered into subclade 2.3.2.1b.QSG of the HA protein of the receptor binding site were found in these H5N1 viruses,and the characteristics was shown to be associated with increased affinity of HA to the glycan-receptors of AIV.In strains from this study,we did not found amino acid substitutions of the NA protein at H275Y and N295S,and sensitive to neuraminidases,and the high pathogenicity molecular characteristics of HA,NA and NS genes were showed in these viruses.In conclusion,molecular characteristics of the HA,NA and NS of these H5N1 subtype viruses in this study showed high pathogenicity,but that may not facilitate human infection.So,the prevalence and genetic evolution of this virus should be closely monitored.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from chromosomes X and 20 with androgenetic alopecia among ethnic Han population from Yunnan province.

METHODSAn eight-SNP co-amplification protocol was developed for the genotyping with a SNaPshot platform. A case-control study was carried out for the 8 SNPs from chromosomes X and 20 in 115 androgenetic alopecia cases and 125 healthy controls. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS17.0, Haploview4.2, SHEsis and MDR software.

RESULTSNo association was found between the two groups with regard to the 4 SNPs located on the X chromosome. The genotypic frequencies of rs2180439, rs913063 and rs1160312 were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). The frequency of T allele of rs2180439 was significantly higher in the case group (P < 0.05). The frequencies of A alleles of rs913063 and rs1160312 were significantly higher in the case group (P < 0.05). The haplotypes of C-T-C-G, T-C-C-G and T-T-A-A based on rs6137444-rs2180439-rs913063-rs1160312 showed significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). rs6137444, rs21804393 and rs1160312 have a strong association with androgenetic alopecia.

CONCLUSIONThe 4 SNPs located on chromosome X were all monomorphic among ethnic Hans from Yunnan. The rs6152, rs16990427, rs1352015, rs1385699 SNPs located on chromosome 20 are associated with androgenetic alopecia in the same population. Individuals with T allele of rs2180439 and A allele of rs913063 and rs1160312 are more likely to develop androgenetic alopecia.

Adult ; Alopecia ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; ethnology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

OBJECTIVETo observe the prevalence and related risk factors of arterial stiffness measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

METHODSThe study population included 135 patients currently enrolled in the Chinese SLE Treatment and Research group registry (CSTAR). All traditional cardiovascular risk factors and SLE-related disease factors were collected on the day of the baPWV examination.

RESULTS(1)Significant differences were observed in age (P < 0.000) , family history of cardiovascular disease (P = 0.003), mean blood pressure (P = 0.000) and hemoglobin A1c (P = 0.023) between SLE patients with normal and abnormal arterial stiffness. In addition, SLE patients with abnormal arterial stiffness had lower creatinine clearance rates [85.9 (65.5-108.8) ml/min vs. 106.4 (86.8-124.6) ml/min, P = 0.011], longer disease and hydroxychloroquine duration (P = 0.002 and P = 0.022, respectively), and higher proportion of intravenous cyclophosphamide use (OR = 3.04, 95%CI:1.230-7.514, P = 0.013) as compared to patients with normal arterial stiffness. (2)After adjustment of all confounding factors, age (OR = 4.56, 95%CI: 1.863-11.133, P = 0.001), mean blood pressure (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.055-1.196, P = 0.000) , disease duration (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.050-1.367, P = 0.007) and the proportion of intravenous cyclophosphamide use (OR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.364-5.979, P = 0.005) remained as independent risk factors for abnormal arterial stiffness in SLE patients.

CONCLUSIONBoth traditional cardiovascular risk factors and SLE-related factors are associated with the risk of increased arterial stiffness.

Ankle ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; complications ; Prevalence ; Pulsatile Flow ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Vascular Stiffness