A cross-sectional study of the supply and use of water was carried out on 8180 households in 3 districts of Quang Binh province and Thua Thien Hue province. The results showed that: two water sources with high rate of usage were deep well (59.3%) and drilled well (19.2%). The rate of households with adequate water supply was 81.5%, among which deep wells were at highest rate of 48.4%, and tap water were at lowest rate of 1.8%. 58.3% of households were found with water containers including: built tanks (49.3%), buckets (24.7%), earthenware vessels (25.3%). 84.6% of water containers were built far from breeding facilities. 95.4% of wells had high wall, 84.8% with surrounding yards but only 8.8% with covers. It is necessary to improve the quality of living water in public by supplying better water sources
Water Supply Family Characteristics

Congenital miosis is observed in 4 members of a family in two generations. One of them has a right miotic eye and a left normal eye. Others have bilateral miotic eyes.
Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Miosis*

There have been a few reports of familial anorectal malformations extending over more than one generation. We experienced a case of a family with 3 members spanning 2 generations affected with isolated low type anorectal malformations. They had same low type of anorectal malformations. In all 3 patients, a perianal anoplasty was performed.
Family Characteristics ; Humans

The most informed members from 907 households were interviewed in regard to the hospital bursar. Results show that the majority of population (in which 7.5% with high income, 70.1%-mean and 22.4% - low income) is capable to pay the bursar by various resources including the available fund 65.2%, the sale of domestic animals and commodities 6.3% and the debt 27.2%. For all population, hospital fee is acceptable but on which the awareness is insufficient. Recommendations were made concerning the exemption for the subjects with low-income.
Hospitals ; Family Characteristics

There are 2 indicators of national program of iodine deficient disorder control including rate of household used iodine contained salt is 90% and above and level of ioduria of children with ages of 8-10 is 10mcg/dL and above. An investigation was carried out throughout the country. Results: the recovering level of iodine in provinces was significantly increased. The level of ioduria was improved. The morbidity rate of goiter is obviously decreased. The knowledge of women in reproductive ages for effects of iodine was improved. However, the rate of households in 9 provinces of Cöu Long river delta that used iodine contained salt is low (50%
Iodine ; Family Characteristics

This study was conducted in 50 villages of 10 districts in 10 provinces. Results showed a low rate of lavatories and latrines available in investigated households (60%). From them 44.2% are suitable to proper model and 17.9% are satisfied the adequate standard
Toilet Facilities ; Family Characteristics

A longitudinal study on the actual situation and seasonal changes of household food and nutrition security in 1997-1999 was carried out in Bai Say commune, Hung Yen province. The results: pre-harvest food shortage is still occurred at high percentage of the households, especially of the food. Food consumption pattern and energy intake of mothers and children under 5 years has been found lower in pre-harvest and in the poor households. It is concluded that in terms of both seasonal and economic status there are changes of food availability and dietary intake of mothers and children.
Family Characteristics ; Food ; Nutrition

This study was aimed to evaluate the incidence of Cl. perfringers contamination among a number of households in Vinh Phu province in relation with the susceptibility to the disease in humans and in animals. The authors have isolated Cl.perfringers by analyzing 20 samples of pig faeces and 11 samples of pigsty soil collected from 20 households having patient/death EN in 2 districts Lap Thach and Vinh Lac, and 11 specimens of pigsty soil from 17 households not having EN patients in the same locality and during the same period. The samples were incubated according to standard procedure at the Microbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Veterinary. The following results were obtained: all of 57 specimens revealed a 100% positive rate for Cl.perfringers isolation. Furthermore, from the dilution rate of 107 upwards, the soil specimens from case group (with EN patient) showed a positive rate higher by 3 times than the controls; with samples from pig faeces, the difference between 2 group varied from 2 to 5 times
Clostridium ; Family Characteristics

A study on 222 households at 6 precincts and communes has shown that after 10 years, the real diet of household improved significantly number of rice, vegetable, tuber was reduced. While animal food, meat was increased 3 times, fish portion increased 2 times and eggs and milk increased 10 times, fruit increased 6 times and oil and fat level increased 2 times. The diet was more various and rich.
Diet ; Family Characteristics

Based on the results of the household cross-sectional study on stunting and its risk fators during 2002-2003 in 32 communes of 8 regions in Viet Nam, authours focused on analyzing the relation between stunting and socio-economic factors at household level. The results of logistic regression showed that stunting was closely related to the height of mother, BMI of mother, birth intervals, and parent’s education level. Children who were sick in the first year of life were at higher risk with stunting (OR=2.5).There was also a strong relation between stunting and household’s living standards (stunting rates were 13,1%, 24,1%, 30.2%, 38.0% and 44.2% in the richest, the mid-upper, the middle, the low-mid and the poorest quintiles, respectively).
Risk fators ; Family Characteristics