1.Prevalence and determinants of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) disability among communitydwelling elderly in a semi-urban setting in Peninsular Malaysia
Muhammad Faizal Murat ; Zuriati Ibrahim ; Siti Nur &lsquo ; Asyura Adznam ; Chan Yoke Mun
Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 2019;25(1):13-25
Introduction: The ability to perform daily living activities among the elderly is important, as physical disability may lead to dependency and various public health implications. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability and its association with socio-demographic characteristics, dietary intake, social participation, perceived-health-status and risk of falls.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among communitybased elderly in the Gombak District of Selangor. 258 respondents aged 60-88 years old (mean age 66±6.5 years) were recruited through multi-stage proportional sampling. Most of the respondents (88.4%) aged 60-74 years and 11.6% were ≥75 years. IADL disability was determined using an eight-item IADL scale. The presence of IADL disability was defined as needing help in at least one or more of eight-IADL activities. Dietary intake and fall risk were assessed using diet history questionnaire (DHQ) and 21-item fall risk index (FRI-21), respectively.
Results: The prevalence of IADL disability among the respondents was 58.1%. A binary logistic regression analyses showed that the following factors predicted IADL disability: advanced age (≥75 years, OR=6.4; 95% CI: 1.3, 30.8), being unmarried (OR=2.5; 95% CI: 1.1, 5.9), unemployed/retired (OR=2.3; 95% CI: 1.2, 4.3), and at risk of falls (OR=2.5; 95% CI: 1.3, 6.1).
Conclusion: Predictors such as marriage and employment highlight the importance of social support among elderly. In practical terms, this means that it is incumbent upon caregivers, family members, and the community to provide both physical and emotional support if the functional status of the elderly is to be improved.
2.Intervention For Occupational Fatigue And Sleepiness Among Healthcare Workers Working In Shift: A Systematic Review
Mohd Fadhli Mohd Fauzi ; Hanizah Mohd Yusoff ; Mohd Rizal Abd Manaf ; Nazarudin Safian ; Muhammad Aklil Abd Rahim ; Mohd Faizal Madrim ; Azman Atil @Azmi ; Ammar Amsyar Abdul Haddi ; Nur Adibah Mat Saruan
Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 2019;19(2):47-53
Healthcare workers typically work in shift to ensure smooth operation of healthcare industries around the clock. However, working in shift put them at risk of developing occupational fatigue and sleepiness during and after work, with multiple adverse effects to themselves and patients under their care. This review aims to identify available evidence-based intervention for fatigue and sleepiness among healthcare workers working in shift. We searched PubMed, Scopus and CENTRAL database from January 2013 to December 2017. Selection criteria included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effect of any interventions on fatigue and/or sleepiness among shift workers. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts for relevant studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We included 8 relevant trials with 7 review-relevant participants. Given the methodological diversity of the included studies in terms of interventions and assessment tools, it is not possible to determine the effectiveness of these interventions to reduce occupational fatigue or sleepiness among healthcare workers working in shift. More good quality RCTs with comparable assessment tools is needed.
4.Congenital Hypothyroidism in children – A cross-sectional study in a tertiary centre in Malaysia
Azriyanti Anuar Zaini ; Yu Feng Tung ; Nor Faizal Ahmad Bahuri ; Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin
Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 2020;35(1):62-67
Introduction:
The causes of congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) are thyroid dysgenesis (TD), dyshormonogenesis (TDH) or transient hypothyroidism (TH).
Methodology:
This is a cross-sectional study looking at data over a period of 16 years (2000-2016). Confirmed cases had thyroid scan at the age of 3-years-old and repeated TFT (after 6 weeks off medications). Relevant data was collected retrospectively.
Results:
Forty (60% female) children with CHT were included in the study. Thirty (75%) children presented with high cord TSH. Nine (23%) presented after 2 weeks of life. Majority were diagnosed with TDH (42.5%) with TD and TH of 40% and 17.5% respectively. Median cord TSH of children with TD was significantly higher compared to TDH and TH (p=0.028 and p=0.001 respectively). L-thyroxine doses were not significantly different between TD, TDH and TH at diagnosis or at 3 years.
Conclusions
TDH is highly prevalent in our population. TD may present after 2 weeks of life. One in five children treated for CHT had TH. Differentiating TD, TDH and TH before initiating treatment remains a challenge in Malaysia. This study provides clinicians practical information needed to understand the possible aetiologies from a patient’s clinical presentation, biochemical markers and treatment regime. Reassessing TH cases may be warranted to prevent unnecessary treatment.
Thyroid Dysgenesis
;
Thyroxine
5.History of severe hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Unmasked Significant Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease: A comparative case control study
Mohd Asyiq Raffali ; Syawal Faizal Muhammad ; Hamzaini Abdul Hamid ; Azmawati Mohammed Nawi ; Nor Azmi Kamaruddin
Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 2021;36(1):37-44
Objectives:
A history of severe hypoglycemia (SH) is associated with cardiovascular (CV) events among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we compared the severity of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (ACAD) in T2DM patients with and without a history of SH.
Methodology:
We conducted a comparative case-control study involving 28 T2DM patients with a history of SH within the last 5 years with no documented ACAD, and matched them with 28 T2DM patients with no history of SH. All subjects underwent coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) with or without coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) to evaluate the severity of ACAD.
Results:
A history of SH in T2DM was associated with a higher prevalence of significant ACAD (79% versus 46%, p=0.026). A high CACS (≥100) was seen in a greater number of patients with a history of SH compared to those without (75% versus 43%, p=0.029). Similarly, there was a higher prevalence of obstructive CAD in those with a history of SH compared to those without (72% versus 39%, p=0.036). Median C-reactive protein level was also higher among patients with a history of SH (0.41 mg/dL versus 0.16 mg/dL, p=0.029).
Conclusion
In patients with T2DM, a history of SH is significantly associated with ACAD compared to those without SH. A history of SH warrants screening for ACAD.
Hypoglycemia
;
Coronary Artery Disease
;
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
;
C-Reactive Protein
6.Subchronic Administration of High-dose Monosodium Glutamate Causes Spatial Memory Dysfunction and Structural Deficits of Rat Hippocampus
Muchtar Hanafi ; Faizal Muhammad ; Amilia Ramadhani ; Nurlaela ; Zaenal Muttaqien Sofro ; Ginus Partadiredja
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2023;19(No.4):159-165
Introduction: The toxicity of high concentration monosodium glutamate (MSG) has become a controversial issue
because of its inconsistent results in human and animal studies. This present study aims to evaluate the effect of subchronic high-doses oral administration of MSG on spatial memory performance and hippocampal pyramidal cells
number. Methods: This study involved twenty-eight male Wistar rats, which were divided into a control group of
NaCl 0.9% and three intervention groups of MSG 1.0 mg/g bodyweight (M1), 2.0 mg/g bodyweight (M2), and 4.0
mg/g bodyweight (M3) for 30 days. Statistical analysis used a One-way ANOVA test. Results: The result showed significant differences in spatial memory on the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, including path length (p = 0.020) and
escape latency (p = 0.011) according to general linear model repeated measurement analysis. The mean difference
of estimated hippocampal pyramidal cells total number among the groups showed volume (p = 0.001), numerical
density (p = 0.590), and cells number (p = 0.004). Furthermore, Post-Hoc analysis in both spatial memory and hippocampal pyramidal cells showed that the increasing MSG dose from 1.0 to 4.0 mg/g bodyweight led to a decrease in
the results of spatial memory performance on the MWM test and a decrease in hippocampal cells. Conclusion: The
present study has provided novel quantitative data that subchronic administration of high-dose MSG caused deleterious effects on the spatial memory function and the volume and number of hippocampal pyramidal cells.
7.Cytokines Expression in Pregnant Women With Primary and Non-primary Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection
Nur Fazlin Akmal Muhammad Faizal ; Ramlah Kadir ; Zeti Norfidiyati Salmuna
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2022;18(No.3):103-111
Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in pregnancy is the commonest cause of congenital infection worldwide. Primary CMV infection in pregnancy carries a higher risk of fetal transmission compared to non-primary infection. This study aims to determine the cytokines expression in pregnant women with primary and non-primary CMV
infections in both types of infection. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Microbiology Laboratory, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) from January 2019 until June 2020. Seventy-four pregnant women with abnormal pregnancy outcomes with positive CMV IgG with or without IgM by electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLIA)
were subjected to IgG avidity assay by ECLIA method to discriminate primary and non-primary CMV infection. Later,
the sera were subjected to magnetic Luminex multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cytokine analysis
to determine their concentrations in both primary and non-primary CMV infection. Cytokines and chemokines tested were IL-12, IL-2, IFN- γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN- γ, TNF-α, MCP-1 (CCL-2), and IP-10 (CXCL-10). Results:
Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 (CCL-2) were significantly elevated in pregnant women with primary CMV
infection with the p-values of (0.001, 0.035, and 0.002) respectively. The intensity of IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-2 were
higher in primary CMV infection with the p-values of (0.018, 0.004, and 0.007). Conclusion: The pro-inflammatory
cytokines were expressed significantly in pregnant women with primary CMV infection together with MCP-1 (CCL2), showing predominant Th1 response. The low level of cytokines in non-primary CMV infection might be due to
the latent state of CMV in a host.
8.Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts on Depression in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Afifah Syifaul Ummah ; Faizal Muhammad ; Yulie Erida Nur Rahmawati ; Isa Ridwan ; Arief Nurudhin ; Eillien Ramadhani Fauzi ; Ratih Tri Kusuma Dewi ; Yulyani Werdiningsih
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2023;19(No.4):166-170
Introduction: Depression is a mental disorder that is increasingly common nowadays. It can emerge as morbidity
in chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) has shown to be a
complementary therapy in depression, besides its anti-inflammatory role. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of
MO leaf extract on Depression in RA patients. Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control
group design comprised 32 RA patients. The participants were divided into the control (n = 16) and intervention (n
= 16) groups. The intervention group received two MO leaf extract-containing capsules b.i.d. for 28 days. The depression was evaluated by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and serum cortisol test. Statistical analyses used both
paired and unpaired t-tests. Results: The posttest means comparison of BDI-II and serum cortisol showed a significant
difference between groups (p = 0.031 and p = 0.015, respectively). The pretest-posttest difference within the control
group did not show significant improvement in BDI-II and serum cortisol (p = 0.076 and p = 0.106). Meanwhile,
significant BDI-II and serum cortisol improvement were found in the intervention group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.048,
respectively). Conclusion: MO leaf extract reduces depression in RA patients based on BDI-II and serum cortisol
assessment.
9.Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology International Workshop 2018
Tae Wook KONG ; Hee Sug RYU ; Seung Cheol KIM ; Takayuki ENOMOTO ; Jin LI ; Kenneth H KIM ; Seung Hyuk SHIM ; Peng Hui WANG ; Suwanit THERASAKVICHYA ; Yusuke KOBAYASHI ; Maria LEE ; Tingyan SHI ; Shin Wha LEE ; Mikio MIKAMI ; Satoru NAGASE ; Myong Cheol LIM ; Jianliu WANG ; Sarikapan WILAILAK ; Sang Wun KIM ; Sook Hee HONG ; David SP TAN ; Masaki MANDAI ; Suk Joon CHANG ; Ruby Yun Ju HUANG ; Kimio USHIJIMA ; Jung Yun LEE ; Xiaojun CHEN ; Kazunori OCHIAI ; Taek Sang LEE ; Bingyi YANG ; Farhana KALAM ; Qiaoying LV ; Mohd Faizal AHMAD ; Muhammad Rizki YAZNIL ; Kanika Batra MODI ; Manatsawee MANOPUNYA ; Dae Hoon JEONG ; Arb aroon LERTKHACHONSUK ; Hyun Hoon CHUNG ; Hidemichi WATARI ; Seob JEON
Journal of Gynecologic Oncology 2019;30(2):e39-
The Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology International Workshop 2018 on gynecologic oncology was held in the Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea on the 24th to 25th August 2018. The workshop was an opportunity for Asian doctors to discuss the latest findings of gynecologic cancer, including cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers, as well as the future of fertility-sparing treatments, minimally invasive/radical/debulking surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Clinical guidelines and position statement of Asian countries were presented by experts. Asian clinical trials for gynecologic cancers were reviewed and experts emphasized the point that original Asian study is beneficial for Asian patients. In Junior session, young gynecologic oncologists presented their latest research on gynecologic cancers.
Antineoplastic Agents
;
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
;
Drug Therapy
;
Education
;
Endometrial Neoplasms
;
Female
;
Gyeonggi-do
;
Humans
;
Immunotherapy
;
Korea
;
Ovarian Neoplasms
;
Radiotherapy
;
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms