Objective To develop a method for the determination of ketamine analogues in hair samples by liquid chromatography quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry(QTRAP LC-MS/MS).Methods 20 mg of washed and dried hair was added to 1 mL extracting solution and then prepared using an ultrasonic extraction with frozen pulverization method.After centrifugation and purification with membrane,the supernatant was separated in a ACQUITY UPLC? HSS T3 column with gradient elution,finally tested with multiple reaction monitoring for the detection of 10 ketamine analogues.The above method was applied for quantitative analysis of ethylfluamine,F-norketamine and tiletamine in 20 positive samples.Results When the concentration ranged from 0.01 to 2.00 ng/mg,there was good linearity for 10 ketamine analogues with the correlation coefficients over 0.99.The recoveries ranged from 89.1％to 106.1％,and the matrix effects were between 88.3％and 106.0％.Among the 20 positive samples,the contents of ethylfluamine,F-norketamine and tiletamine in hair ranged between 0.02～8.35 ng/mg,0.01～0.94 ng/mg and 0.02～10.93 ng/mg,respectively.Their mean values were 1.59 ng/mg,0.28 ng/mg and 2.69 ng/mg.Their medians were 0.40 ng/mg,0.19 ng/mg and 2.11 ng/mg.Conclusion The established method was simple,efficient,reliable and suitable for the determination of ketamine analogues in hair.The data provided reference for the drug control and forensic science practice.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect, postoperative satisfaction and complications of liposuction combined with low-energy bipolar radiofrequency BodyTite in arm with dermatolysis.Methods:From June 2013 to December 2019, 66 female patients were included. Firstly, liposuction treatment was performed in the designed operation area, and then radio-frequency skin tightening treatment was performed with BodyTite equipment. All patients were followed up for 6 months.Results:All the 66 patients had completed the operation successfully; their age ranged from 22-53 (28.3±6.9) years. The average body mass index was (23.8±3.4) kg/m 2, the average liposuction volume of unilateral upper arm was (288.6±95.6) ml, the average radiofrequency energy of unilateral upper arm was (4.2±1.1) kJ and the average operation time was (75.1±18.7) min 6 months after operation. A total of 42 cases were followed up. By self-evaluation satisfactory rate of patients was 92.8%, and the satisfactory rate of third-party independent plastic surgeons was 88.1%. There were no hematoma, seroma or infection except one case of skin blister. There was no serious complication requiring further surgical intervention. Conclusions:Bipolar radiofrequency BodyTite is a safe and effective method for the treatment of fat accumulation of upper arm with flabby skin.

Objective:To study the effect of various concentrations of Enterococcus faecalis (Ef) supernatants on human periodontal ligament cell (hPDLC) and the inflammatory response of hPDLC under static pressure. Methods:The method of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) was used to detect the effect of various concentrations of Ef supernatants on the proliferation of hPDLCs and the flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) on the surface of hPDLC after 24-hour-stimulation of Ef supernatant. Furthermore, the hPDLCs were divided into non inducing group without Ef supernatant and inducing group with 5% Ef supernatant, and hPDLCs in each group were loaded with 0, 49 and 196 Pa static pressures respectively. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after 24 hours.Results:MTT results showed that the supernatant of Ef with concentratio n≥5% could significantly inhibit the proliferation activity of hPDLCs at 48 hours of cell culture ( P<0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the positive cell rates of TLR-2 increased with increasing volume fractions of the Ef supernatants. The values were (2.12±0.07)%, (2.41±0.32)%, (2.65±0.27)%, (4.76±0.46)%, (9.91±0.92)% and (12.01±1.35)%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant when the concentrations≥5% ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA between the non inducing group and the control group under the pressure of 49 Pa ( P>0.05). However, there were significant differences in the expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA between the non inducing group and the control group under the pressure of 196 Pa ( P<0.05), while the expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in the inducing group were significantly lower than that in the control group under the pressures of 49 and 196 Pa ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression was significantly increased ( P<0.05). The result of ELISA was consistent with that of PCR. Conclusions:High concentration of Ef supernatant could inhibit the proliferation of hPDLC. Ef supernatant might promote the expression of TLR-2 on the surface of hPDLC. Excessive mechanical pressure induced the inflammatory response of hPDLC. The presence of inflammatory mediators could lead to the intolerance of hPDLC to pressures and small pressure could aggravate the inflammatory response.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) infusion transplantation via renal artery and via caudal vein in treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rats,and to compare the expressions of aquaporin1 (AQP1) and aquaporin2 (AQP2) between the two transplantation routes.Methods A total of 50 male SD rats were selected for this experiment.Two experimental rats were used to make preparation of bone marrow MSC.CKD model was established with infusion of adriamycin via caudal vein in 36 rats.The 36 CKD models were randomly divided into adriamycininduced renal failure model control group (A-C group,n=12),MSC transplantation through the right renal artery group (M-A group,n=12) and MSC transplantation through the caudal vein group (M-V group,n=12).The remaining 12 male SD rats were used as the blank control group (N group).One week after the last bone marrow MSC transplantation,the 24 h urine volume,24 h urinary protein content,serum sodium content and serum albumin level were measured,and AQP1 and AQP2 expressions in the kidney tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with A-C group,the serum albumin level and 24h urine volume in both M-V group and M-A group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),while 24h urinary protein content and serum sodium content were remarkably decreased (P＜0.05).The 24h urinary protein content in the M-A group was obviously lower than that in the M-V group (P＜0.05).The AQP1 and AQP2 expressions in the kidney tissue in both M-V group and M-A group were strikingly lower than those in the A-C group (P＜ 0.05),but no statistically significant differences in AQP1 and AQP2 expressions existed between the M-V group and the M-A group (P＞0.05).Conclusion MSC transplantation can increase serum albumin,and lower urinary protein,serum sodium and the expressions of AQP1 and AQP2 in renal parenchymal cells,which has the effect on repairing renal injury of adriamycin-induced CKD rats.For a given period of time,the clinical curative effect of MSC transplantation via renal artery is better than that of MSC transplantation via peripheral vein,but the difference in curative effect between the two MSC transplantation pathways has no obvious correlation with AQP1 and AQP2 expressions.

Objective:To report our clinical experience in simultaneous implant exchange with fat (SIEF) for breast augmentation and reshaping.Methods:The medical records of 26 patients who received SIEF in our department from January 2013 to June 2019 were reviewed. All patients were female, aged (35.2±8.3) years. The prosthesis was removed through axillary approach, inframammary approach or radial incision at the junction of lateral breast and chest wall. Capsulectomy was not performed after implant removal. Fat was harvested using a blunt liposuction cannulas with the diameter of 2.5 mm and 3 side holes, with a negative pressure of -60 kPa. After washing with 4 degree physiological saline, the fat was processed with the cotton pad filtering technique, then a diameter 2.5 mm, 1-hole blunt cannula was used to place the fat. The evaluation of postoperative improvements included breast size, incidence of complications. Patient satisfaction and physician satisfaction were assessed by two independent surgeons (the full score ranged from 4 to 20).Results:All patients completed the study. The volume of implants in the left breast was (216.2±54.6) ml and that in the right breast was (217.9±53.1) ml. Grafted fat volume for the left breast was (256.8±55.8) ml each time and that for the right breast was (258.1±55.7) ml. The mean follow-up time was (13.5±5.7) months. Small nonpalpable nodules were detected in two patients (7.7%) by ultrasound. No other complications were documented during the study period. The average chest circumference was decreased by (1.1±0.8) cm which was less than one cup according to Chinese Industrial Standards. Patient satisfaction and physician satisfaction were (16.8±2.0) and (16.4±1.6), respectively.Conclusions:SIEF is an effective and safe method to restore breast volume after implant removal.

June 5, 2019, a 36-year-old female was diagnosed with septic shock caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection eight hours after liposuction and fat grafting in Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. As the symptoms were identified early, the patient received immediate treatment and was transferred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital. After multi-disciplinary coordination of departments of emergency, plastic surgery, and ICU, the septic status was finally resolved and the patient was discharged after a 103-day hospital stay. The authors reviewed the course of the treatment in detail and our experience in dealing with the special kind of toxic septic shock.

Objective:To report our clinical experience in simultaneous implant exchange with fat (SIEF) for breast augmentation and reshaping.Methods:The medical records of 26 patients who received SIEF in our department from January 2013 to June 2019 were reviewed. All patients were female, aged (35.2±8.3) years. The prosthesis was removed through axillary approach, inframammary approach or radial incision at the junction of lateral breast and chest wall. Capsulectomy was not performed after implant removal. Fat was harvested using a blunt liposuction cannulas with the diameter of 2.5 mm and 3 side holes, with a negative pressure of -60 kPa. After washing with 4 degree physiological saline, the fat was processed with the cotton pad filtering technique, then a diameter 2.5 mm, 1-hole blunt cannula was used to place the fat. The evaluation of postoperative improvements included breast size, incidence of complications. Patient satisfaction and physician satisfaction were assessed by two independent surgeons (the full score ranged from 4 to 20).Results:All patients completed the study. The volume of implants in the left breast was (216.2±54.6) ml and that in the right breast was (217.9±53.1) ml. Grafted fat volume for the left breast was (256.8±55.8) ml each time and that for the right breast was (258.1±55.7) ml. The mean follow-up time was (13.5±5.7) months. Small nonpalpable nodules were detected in two patients (7.7%) by ultrasound. No other complications were documented during the study period. The average chest circumference was decreased by (1.1±0.8) cm which was less than one cup according to Chinese Industrial Standards. Patient satisfaction and physician satisfaction were (16.8±2.0) and (16.4±1.6), respectively.Conclusions:SIEF is an effective and safe method to restore breast volume after implant removal.

June 5, 2019, a 36-year-old female was diagnosed with septic shock caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection eight hours after liposuction and fat grafting in Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. As the symptoms were identified early, the patient received immediate treatment and was transferred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital. After multi-disciplinary coordination of departments of emergency, plastic surgery, and ICU, the septic status was finally resolved and the patient was discharged after a 103-day hospital stay. The authors reviewed the course of the treatment in detail and our experience in dealing with the special kind of toxic septic shock.

Objective:This study aims to discuss the detection effect of a novel liposuction cannula movement recording system based on optical tracking technique and force sensor during liposuction and analyze the relationship between recorded data and liposuction efficiency.Methods:The patients who met inclusion criteria underwent liposuction from January 2019 to September 2019 were enrolled in this study and operated on by two surgeons with extensive liposuction experience. During a given procedure, one surgeon performed liposuction on one side of the targeted liposuction area, another surgeon performed liposuction on the contralateral side. The trajectory and force of liposuction cannula were recorded for approximately 300 seconds, and the volume of upper layer fat in liposuction aspirate was measured during experiment. The average amplitude, average frequency, and average forward resistance of the liposuction needle movement of the two surgeons were compared, and the liposuction efficiency was calculated and compared. The data were analyzed by paired t-test and signed rank sum test. Results:Eighteen patients were enrolled. All patients were females at 23-49 years old, with the mean age of 37 years old. Liposuction was performed in the abdomen, thighs, and waist. The movement amplitude and forward resistance of the liposuction cannula of surgeon A were (11.43±1.23) cm and (9.35±2.24) N, which were higher than those of surgeon B (10.00±2.33) cm and (8.20±3.05) N, and the differences were significant ( t=2.780, P=0.013; t=2.328, P=0.033). The frequency of liposuction cannula movement of surgeon A was (2.14±0.19) Hz, and that of surgeon B was (2.19±0.55) Hz. There was no significant difference between the two surgeons ( t=-0.366, P=0.719). The liposuction efficiency of operator A was (19.20±9.36) ml/min, and the efficiency of operator B was (15.27±8.05) ml/min. A was 3.93 ml/min higher than B. The difference was statistically significant ( t=3.736, P=0.002). Conclusions:The liposuction cannula movement recording system based on optical tracking and force sensing technology established in this study can record and analyze the operation trajectory and resistance of the liposuction cannula. When the movement amplitude and forward resistance of the cannula are larger, the liposuction efficiency is higher.