Objective To study the effects of panax notoginseng saponins (PNS)on rat superficial renal medulla cells after femoral fracture and to discuss the protective role of PNS in renal injury after fracture. Methods We divided 102 Wistar rats randomly into simple fracture group (n =36),fracture and medication group (n =36)and normal control group (n =30).In the former two groups 6 rats were respectively executed at 1,6,12, 24,36,48 h after fracture modeling,while 5 rats in normal control group were executed at the corresponding time points.Regular HE staining was used to observe pathological changes and TUNEL was used for apoptotic cells.And immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in superficial renal medulla tissues.Results In simple fracture group,mild granular degeneration could be seen in renal tubular epithelial cells of superficial renal medulla and the interstitial small vessels were slightly expanded and congested. Compared with simple fracture group,the lesions were slighter in fracture and medication group.In simple fracture group,Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA expressions were significantly higher than those in normal control group at 1 -36 h (P <0.01).Bax expression was higher than that in normal control group at 12-36 h (P <0.01),and Bax mRNA expression was higher than that in normal control group after 6 h after fracture (P < 0.01 ).In fracture and medication group,Bcl-2 expression was obviously higher than that in simple fracture group at 1 h (P <0.01),and Bcl-2 mRNA expression was higher than that in simple fracture group at 1 -48 h (P <0.01).Bax and Bax mRNA expressions were both lower than those in simple fracture group at 1 - 48 h (P < 0.01 ).Conclusion Fracture trauma has significant influences on protein expression and mRNA transcription of Bcl-2 and Bax in superficial renal medulla.PNS can upregulate anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2 and downregulate pro-apoptosis gene Bax,thus playing the role of inhibiting tissue cell apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and significance of Bax, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) in gallbladder adenocarcinoma tissues. MethodsA total of 70 patients confirmed with gallbladder adenocarcinoma by pathological examination in the Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, from 2000 to 2013 were collected. Besides, 20 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 30 cases of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and 20 cases of cholecystitis were selected as controls. The protein expression of Bax, COX2, and ID1 in the four groups was determined using the immunohistochemical SP method. Meanwhile, chi-square test was conducted on the data using fourfold table exact test, the correlations between Bax, COX2, and ID1 were determined by Spearman correlation analysis, and survival data were subjected to Kapan-Meier survival analysis. ResultsThe high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia group, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia group, and cholecystitis group showed significantly different expression of Bax compared with the gallbladder adenocarcinoma group (all P＜0.05); the low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia group and cholecystitis group showed significantly different expression of COX2 and ID1 compared with the gallbladder adenocarcinoma group (all P＜0.05); the high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia group showed significantly different expression of COX2 and ID1 compared with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia group and cholecystitis group (all P＜0.05). Survival analysis showed that patients with positive Bax had a significantly higher survival rate than those with positive COX2 and ID1 (both P＜0.05). COX2 was positively correlated with ID1 (r=0.329, P＜0.05). ConclusionBax, COX2, and ID1 may play a role in the development of gallbladder adenocarcinoma, and joint detection of Bax, COX2, and ID1 is of great significance for the prognosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.