The Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and Taura syndrome virus (TSV) are two important shrimp viruses in cultured shrimp in America. These two viruses were transmitted to China at the beginning of the 21st century. In this study, 214 shrimp samples of Penaeus vannamei were collected from seven different areas of China and tested by PCR for IHHNV and TSV infection. The results showed that there were a high prevalence of IHHNV (65.42%) and low prevalence of TSV (3.27%) in the tested samples. Several samples were found to be co-infected with these two viruses. A 3 kb fragment of 7 positive IHHNV samples and a structure protein region (ORF2) of three TSV positive samples were amplified and sequenced. The sequence comparison indicated that both IHHNV and TSV sequenced in China have a low genetic variations compared with the prototype IHHNV and TSV from Hawaii. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TSV isolates were clustered into two groups, Asia and America group, which was genetically correlated to geographic distribution.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Ethylene Dichlorides ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; therapy

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Hordeolum ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the value of liver acquisition with volume acceleration (LAVA) multi-phase dynamic enhanced technique combined with magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) in evaluating prostate lesions. Methods Totally 67 prostate disease patients confirmed by histopathology and follow-up were included in the present study. The patients included 19 with prostate cancer (PCa) and 48 with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). LAVA multi-temporal enhancement and DWI scanning were performed, and the values of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated. Two experienced radiologists evaluated the results in a double-blinded manner; the qualitative diagnosis accuracy rates of the T-SI curves alone or in combination with ADC for PCa and BPH were compared. Results The accuracy rates of T-SI curve alone for qualitative diagnosis of PCa, BPH were 57.9% and 72.8%, and those of T-SI curve combined with ADC value were 73.7% and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusion LAVA multi-phase dynamic enhanced technique combined with ADC is of great value for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate lesions.

Risk monitoring of new Chinese patent anti-hepatoma drugs is tracking recognized risks and residual risks, identifying emerging risk and ensure the implementation of the plan, estimating the process of reducing effectiveness. The paper is mainly through understanding the status of Chinese patent anti-hepatoma drugs, the content, characteristic and analysis method of dynamic risk monitoring, and then select the risk control indicators, collect risk information. Finally, puts forward the thought of anti-hepatoma drugs listed evaluation in our country, and try to establish the model of dynamic risk management of anti-hepatoma drugs.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; adverse effects ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; Drug Discovery ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; organization & administration ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; organization & administration ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing

Objective To explore the changes of plasma corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) levels in the young rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.Methods Two hundred and forty young rats were randomly divided into three groups:hypoxic-ischemic brain damage group ( model group,n =80),sham-operated group ( n =80),and normal control group ( n =80).The plasma CRF levels of rats in three groups were detected at 1 h,3 h,6 h,12 h,l d,3 d,5 d and 18 d after hypoxia-ischemia,per ten rats for each time point.Plasma CRF levels were measured by radioimmunoassay.Results Plasma CRF levels of model group,shamoperated group and normal control group showed no significant difference in the young rats after 1 h,3 h,6 h,12 h of hypoxia-ischemia ( P ＞ 0.05 ).But plasma CRF levels in the model group were respectively significantly lower than those of sham-operated group and normal control group after 1 d and 3 d of hypoxia-ischemia ( P ＜0.001 ),and then recovered to the control group levels after 5 d and 18 d of hypoxia-ischemia ( P ＞0.05 ).Conclusion Hypoxia-ischemia affects plasma CRF levels in the young rats,which is related with the duration after hypoxia-ischemia.

An immunopotentiating compound has been isolated from the metabolites of Bacillus mycoides under the bioassay-guided isolation and identification for its immunopotentiating effect and chemical structure. The isolation and purification of the compound were consisted of macroporous adsorptive resins, silicagel chromatographic column and Sephadex G-200 chromatographic column. The immunopotentiating effect was assayed in every step isolation. At last, the only substance having the strongest immunopotentiating effect had been isolated and purified. Through the procedure consisiting of Ultra-Violet spectroscopy (UV), IR (Infrared Radiation), Time of Flight Mass Spectrum (TOF-MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Element analysis, the possible structure of compound M had been identified as cyclic (Pro-Gly) dipeptide (C7H10O2N2) (Diketopiperazine). To be determined the immunopotentiating effect, the mice were treated by intraperitoneal injection of cyclic (Pro-Gly) dipeptide in the treatment group and physiologic saline in the control group. At the 14th day after the injection, the SOD activity and the phagocytosis activities reached the peak value and were significantly higher than those in control group. At the 21st day, the bactericidal activity reached peak value and was significantly higher than that in the control group. From the above results, we concluded that the main active component enhancing the immunity of mice was cyclic (Pro-Gly) dipeptide in the metabolism of Bacillus mycoides.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on high fat-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. Methods Totally 36 male SD rats were randomized into normal control group (n=8) and disease model group (n=28). The rats in the disease model group were fed with high-fat diet for 6 weeks to establish rat model of NAFLD. Twenty-five of 28 NAFLD model rats were randomized into NAFLD model group (n=7), simvastatin group (n=9, intragastric administration of simvastatin [6.7 mg · kg-1 · d-1]) and APS group (n=9, intragastric administration of APS [700 mg · kg-1 · d-1]). The rats in the normal control group and the NAFLD model group were intragastrically given the same volume of double distilled water. The rats in each group were continuously fed for 8 weeks. The dietary intake, energy intake, drinking water, excretion and serum biochemical parameters were compared between the four groups. Liver tissues were collected to calculate the liver index and measure the contents of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG). The liver tissue structure and cell morphology were observed under the optical microscope. Results The energy intake of rats in the NAFLD model group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (P<0.05), and the dietary intake, drinking water and excretion were significantly lower than those in the normal control group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in dietary intake, energy intake, drinking water or excretion between the simvastatin, APS and NAFLD model groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the NAFLD model group, serum levels of TC, TG, lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol and malondialdehyde were significantly decreased, and the level of high-density lipoproteincholesterol and the activity of total superoxide dismutase were significantly increased in the APS and simvastatin groups (all P<0.05). The contents of TC and TG in liver tissues, and the number and area of lipid droplets in hepatocytes were significantly decreased in the APS and simvastatin groups versus the NAFLD model group (all P<0.05). The serum levels of glucose, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly lower in the APS group than those in the NAFLD model group (all P<0.05), while there were no significant differences between the NAFLD model group and the simvastatin group (all P>0.05). Conclusion APS can effectively regulate the levels of serum glucose, blood lipids and hepatic lipid droplets in NAFLD rats, which may be related to the antioxidant effect of APS.

Traditional Chinese ancient prescriptions have been used for treatment of liver cancer for a long history and the scientific and rational compatibility is a great wealth for modern research and development (R&D) of new drugs. The research and development of new drugs are often accompanied with a large investment, a long cycle and a high risk, especially for the anti-tumor drugs R&D which are facing more risks and lower successful rate. In this research, the regularity of compatibility of drugs was analyzed from 124 anti-hepatoma ancient prescriptions by computer program. The results can offer help to the R&D of anti-hepatoma new drugs and reduce the risk of drug screening. In addition, we surveyed 22 companies in this field from six provinces such as Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and so on and obtained 240 risk assessment questionaires. Then we used qualitative analysis method to interpret the greatest impacts for the risks in the process of R&D, production and sales of anti-hepatoma new drugs. The study provides a basis for anti-liver cancer drugs R&D researchers, who can take effective measures to reduce the R&D risks and improve successful rate.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; history ; China ; Drug Discovery ; history ; Drug Incompatibility ; Drug Prescriptions ; history ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; history ; therapeutic use ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; history ; Research ; history