Objective To analyze nursing risk factors in digesting internal medicine nurses,looking for effective prevention measures and observe the nursing effect. Methods Nursing risk factors were analyzed from November 2009 to October 2010,and effective preventive measures were explored and applied from November 2010 to October 2011.The incidence rate of nursing accidents,the degree of satisfaction and approval,and basic nursing quality were compared before and after the implementation of nursing risk preventive measures. Results Nursing accident before and after the implementation was 0.98％ and 0.12％,the degree of satisfaction and approval before and after the implementation was 78％ and 75％,the basic nursing quality score before and after the implementation was (93.87 ±1.26)points,(99.68 ±0.54)points,the results before and after the implementation showed significant difference. Conclusions To adopt effective nursing risk preventive measures can significantly reduce the incidence of nursing risk,improve nursing service quality and satisfaction degree of patients.

Objective:To identify the factors that affect the duration of forced eruption of the impacted maxillary canines.Methods:Data of 46 successfully treated impacted maxillary canines with forced eruption were included.The relation of duration of forced eruption and the age of the patients(y),the distance between the impacted maxillary canine cusp tip and the occlusal plane(d),the angle be-tween the axis of the impacted maxillary canine and the occlusal plane(α),mesiodistal position of the canine cusp tip in relation to the adjacent teeth(ZB),the angle between the canine axis and the lateral incisor axis(β)was analyzed.Results:The results indicated a direct correlation of the duration of forced eruption with the patient age and d value,the more mesial location of the canine cusp tip to the midline,the longer treatment time was needed.In contrast,there was an inverse correlation between the duration of forced eruption and αvalue.Conclusion:The patient's age and the position of the impacted maxillary canines are the important predictors of the dura-tion of the forced eruption.

Peripheral T cells are closely related to nature killer( NK)cells,and share some immunophenotypic and functional properties with NK cells.Peripheral T-cell and NK cell lymphomas are heterogeneous groups of lymphomas,and the subgroup classification is complicated.Currently,the pathogenetic molecular lesions remain not to be deciphered for most entities.However,novel insights into the features of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma displaying correlation with normal helper T cells,the gene of anaplastic large cell lymphoma,and potential therapeutic biomarkers,have been gained from molecular technology application.

Early diagnosis and accurate staging are important for planning therapeutic intervention to improve outcomes in patients with malignant melanoma (MM).Noninvasive molecular imaging has been extensively studied in cancer diagnosis,staging,therapeutic evaluation,and prognosis.Several radiopharmaceuticals have been developed to diagnose and treat MM,such as monoclonal antibodies,melanocortin receptors,benzamide (BZA) and BZA analogs.In this review,the characteristics and limitations of these radionuclide molecular probes are summarized and discussed.

Objective To establish a new model of orthotopic-transplatation tumor of human malignant choroidal melanoma. Methods pEGFP-N1, the eukaryotic expressive plasmid of green fluorescent protein (GFP), was transfered into human malignant choroidal melanoma cell line (OCM-1) by liposome lipofectanine, then the cell clones with stable GFP expression were screened out by means of neomycin, fluorescence microscope, and flow cytometer. Two ?l cell suspension of OCM-1 cells with GFP expression with the density of 4.5?107-5.5?107 cells/ml was injected into the subretinal space of right eyes of 40 nude mice (40 eyes) under binocular operating microscope with left eyes as the control ones. The growth of the transplanted malignant choroidal melanoma was observed in vivo using the fluorescence stereomicroscope. The mice were killed at different time after the operation to observe the metastasis of the tumor to optic nerve, brain and other organs including lung, liver, kidney and spleen. Moreover, pathological detection and immunohistochemical staining of GFP was carried out. Results At the postoperative 10 th-12 th days, the growths of the transplanted malignant choroidal melanoma with dilated and distorted blood vessels and neovascularization were observed; at the postoperative 20 th-22 nd days, the melanoma occupied the whole cavity of vitreous body; and at the postoperative 24 th-26 th days, the transplanted tumor grew out of the eye. Metastases of the carcinoma to olfactory bulb, kidney, lung and liver were seen at the failure phase soon after the extra-ocular phase. The histopathological characteristics of the transplanted tumor were similar to those of human, and the results of immunohistochemical staining showed positive expression of GFP in the tumor cells. Conclusion The orthotopic model of malignant choroidal melanoma set up via injection of human malignant choroidal melanoma cells labeled by GFP into the subretinal space of nude mice may provide a new approach to investigate the natural courses of growth and metastasis of malignant choroidal melanoma.

AIM:To investigate the effects of high concentration of glucose on the expressions of serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) and fibronectin in human podocytes and detect the production of fibronectin in human podocytes transfected with active and mutant forms of SGK1.METHODS: The expressions of SGK1 and fibronectin in human podocytes exposed in high glucose for 24 h were detected by using Western blotting. Human podocytes were transfected with three kinds of plasmid: pIRES2-EGFP-SGK1SD (SGK1-active plasmid), pIRES2-EGFP-SGK1KN (SGK1-mutant plasmid) and pIRES2-EGFP (empty vector plasmide). The synthesis levels of fibronectin were detected by immunofluorescence.RESULTS: The expression of SGK1 in normal human podocytes was observed and the expression level was up-regulated in podocytes exposed to high glucose for 24 h (50?4 vs 35?3), parallelly with the high expression of fibronectin (19?4 vs 12?2). The secretion of fibronectin was increased obviously in SGK1-active plasmid (SGK1SD) transfected podocytes compared with the vector transfected podocytes. Whereas, the fibronectin level was decreased significantly but not completely abolished in SGK1-mutant plasmid (SGK1KN) transfected podocytes, compared with SGK1SD transfected podocytes. CONCLUSION: SGK1 may be involved in the synthesis of fibronectin in human podocytes induced by high glucose and play a critical role in the activation of human podocytes during early stage of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the characteristic and clinical value of echocardiography in pregnant women with sinus tachycardia.Methods Thirty pregnant women with sinus tachycardia (experiment group) and 30 healthy pregnant women (control group) were selected.The echocardiography results and clinical data were compared between the 2 groups.Results There were no statistical differences in age,gestational age,blood pressure,weight between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The heart rate in experiment group was significantly higher than that in control group [(123.20 ± 13.23) times/min vs.(86.17 ± 6.78) times/min],there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.01).The left ventricular posterior wall thickness and the rates of mitral regurgitation,tricuspid regurgitation,aortic regurgitation in experiment group were significantly higher than those in control group [(10.23 ± 1.30) mm vs.(8.79 ± 1.90) mm,63.33％ (19/30) vs.16.67％ (5/30),66.67％(20/30) vs.30.00％(9/30),26.67％(8/30) vs.6.67％(2/30)],the left ventricular posterior wall motion amplitude was significantly lower than that in control group [(8.07 ± 1.00) mm vs.(9.26 ± 1.71) mm],there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).There were statistical differences in the indexes of left ventricular systolic function and diastolic function between the 2 groups (P ＜0.01 or ＜0.05).Conclusion The anatomical indexes and function indexes of echocardiography in pregnant women with sinus tachycardia are used to change,and the echocardiography in time can provide the basis of treatment.

Objective To investigate the differences of perfectionism in undergraduates with different background. Methods Stratified-random sampling was used to recruit 1 298 undergraduates from two colleges in Chongqing,and Chinese Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale (CFMPS) was applied to survey their perfectionism. Totally 1 245 questionaires were taken back and the response rate was 95.9%. Results There was significant difference of CFMPS score among those who were only child or not in their family (P=0.009),of different performance records (P=0.008) and different mother’s education background (P=0.001). Conclusion Perfectionism is a stable personality,and shows some significant differences among the undergraduates with different background.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic superiority of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) and its value in follow-up.Methods From January 2012 to June 2015,38 patients with suspected PGL under regular gastroendoscopy,biopsy and surgery operation received EUS combined with targeted deep biopsy.T test and chi-square test were performed for statistical analysis.Results Among 50 patients suspected for PGL under regular gastroendoscopy,38 patients were confirmed pathologically.The sensitivity of EUS examination with targeted deep biopsy in PGL was 86.8％ (33/38),the specificity was 83.3％ (10/12) and accuracy was 86.0％ (43/50).The accuracy of EUS examination with deep biopsy was higher than that of regular gastroscopy,and the difference was statistically significant (86.0％ (43/50) vs 57.9％ (22/38),x2 =19.4,P＜0.05).The main endosonographic characteristics of PGL were partial or diffuse thickening of stomach wall presented with,even or uneven hypoechoic lesions and extramural enlarged lymph nodes.Compared with pathological stage after surgery,the accuracy of T and N stage of EUS was 8/8 and 7/8.The times to achieve complete remission of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) eradication group and H.pylori eradication group were (3.3±0.8) months and (4.6± 0.9) months,respectively,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t =4.3,P＜0.05).Conclusions The detection rate of EUS combined with targeted deep biopsy is high,which could clearly indicate the depth and extent of lesion invasion and guide clinical stage and selection of therapy.EUS could effectively evaluate efficacy of PGL treatment.

The transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) is a non-invasive detection methods of evaluating intracranial artery.Since the 1980s,TCD has been extensively used in various fields of clinical work.Because of its simple operation,good repeatability,and the continuous bedside observation of patients,TCD is especially suitable for severe patients.Increased intracranial pressure is one of the important reasons for the deadly disease in children,it can make the cerebral blood flow perfusion decreased,causing serious consequences,such as brain dysfunction,so intracranial pressure monitoring has important clinical significance.TCD as a noninvasive monitoring tool,can monitor the patients with increased intracranial pressure dynamically,according to the blood flow velocity,the related parameters and the wave of cerebral hemodynamics,so as to achieve the purpose of monitoring intracranial pressure change.This article focused on the TCD application progress in several common children's diseases of increased intracranial pressure.