Objectives: To study the differences between sevoflurane and isoflurane in abdomen surgery anesthetized with the target-controlled close-loop anesthesia system.Methods: Forty patients (ASA I-II) were divided into sevoflurane group (n=25) and isoflurane group (n= 15).BIS value of 55 was the control variable index.The target-controlled infusion system of sevoflurane was administered for the maintenance of anesthesia in both groups after intravenous nduction. The BIS values,blood pressures,heart rates and doses of assistant drugs were recorded and analyzed.Results: No statistical difference was observed in BIS、HR and pulse pressure in two groups. During the maintenance of anesthesia, oscillations of BIS and SBP in sevoflurane group were statistically less than those in isoflurane group (P

Legionnaires’disease is an atypical pneumonic illness caused by the legionella bacteria.These bacteria cause respiratory diseases when a susceptible host inhales aerosolized water containing the bacteria or aspirates water containing the bacteria.Legionella are ubiquitous in natural and artificial water environments worldwide,and survive in a range of environmental conditions.Cooling towers have been implicated in many outbreaks of legionellosis.The causative organism has been readily isolated from many of cooling towers.Various physical and chemical disinfection methods have been developed to eliminate legionella from cooling waters,but gaining control of legionella in cooling water remains a challenge,more methods should be found to control legionella in cooling water.The related researches were reviewed in this paper.

Objective To investigate the effects of humanistic care on primiparas' role competency during pregnancy and delivery.Methods Data of 21 cases were collected using semi-structured interviews and phenomenological qualitative method was used to analyze the data.Results The effects of humanistic care on maternal role competency during pregnancy included:to participate in related curriculum,to get ready for delivery actively.The effects of humanistic care on maternal role competency during delivery included:nurses' carefulness gave psychological support,nurses' instruction gave professional support,nurses' encouragement gave spiritual power,nurses' support enhanced belief,successful delivery experience gave.satisfaction.Conclusions Humanistic nursing is helpful to improve delivery experience,to increase maternal satisfaction and confidence,to promote matemal role competency and harmonious relationship between mothers and nurses.

Objective To know the hygienic administration status of central air conditioning system(CACS)and the Legionella contamination of cooling water in public places; and to identify the risk factors for legionella contamination associated with hygienic administration measures of CACS. Methods One hundred and forty-eight public places with CACS were recruited and the hygienic administration status was investigated by questionnaire survey in Sep. 2008. The culture methods were used to identify Legionella in cooling water. Results Positive rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water was 68.1%, 65.1% and 66.7% respectively in the condition of disinfection, preservative (detergent) and regular examination of the cooling water. The positive rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water was 92%, 87.7% and 84.7% respectively without disinfection, preservative,detergent and regular examination of the cooling water. Conclusion Disinfection, preservative,detergent and regular examination of the cooling water can reduce Legionella contamination risk.

Objective To study the apheresis procedure of collecting mononuclear cells from bone marrow for clinical treatment.Methods Bone marrow mononuclear cells were separated from bone marrow using COBE Spectra apheresis system.Cell morphology,cell counts,positive expression of CD34+,CD133+,CD271+ were detected,and the recovery rate of nucleated cell and mononuclear cell were also calculated.And the main parameters of the procedure with upper efficiency were set via data analysis.Results The efficiency of collection line with colourimetric card of 3% was higher than that of 5% and of 7%.The recovery rate of mononuclear cell is 75% when the cycle times ranged from 7 to 9.The positive expression of CD34+,CD133+ and CD271+ were 1.17%,0.63%,and 0.53%,respectively.Conclution This mononuclear apheresis procedure is safety,pollution-free and efficient,and remaming the bone marrow could be retransfused to the donor.

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of acupoint injection therapy plus massage on primary dysmenorrhea (PD).
Methods: Ninety patients with PD were randomly divided into a treatment group or a control group, 45 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated by injection of Vitamin K3into Sanyinjiao (SP 6) plus massage on Diji (SP 8). The control group was treated by oral administration of Ibuprofen sustained-release capsule. Before and after the treatment, visual analogue scale (VAS) was adopted to assess pain degree of the patients. The therapeutic effects were observed after continuous treatment of three cycles of menstruation.
Results: After treatment, VAS scores were obviously decreased in both groups and the differences were statistically significant (allP<0.05). The difference in VAS score after treatment was more significantin the treatment group than that in the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate was significantl higher in the treatment group than that in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Acupoint injection therapy plus massage for PD is effective and better than simple oral administration of Ibuprofen sustained-release capsule.

Objective To observe the effect of MG132 on the expression of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) induced by high glucose.Methods RPMCs were isolated,cultured and passaged by trypsin,then identified.The second generation of cultured RPMCs were used in the experiment.RPMCs were divided into normal control group,high glucose (1.5％,2.5％,4.25％) for 24 hours,high glucose (2.5％) for 0,12,24,48 hours,incubated with MG132 (0.5,1,2 μmol/L) for half an hour and then with high glucose (2.5％) for 24 hours.ERK1/2 protein was detected by Western blotting,and CTGF protein in supernatant was detected by ELISA.Results Compared with the control group,the expression of p-ERK1/2 was significantly increased in the groups stimulated by high glucose (P ＜0.01),reached the peak at 24th hour (P ＜ 0.01),and then the expression decreased at 48th hour,but still was higher than that in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.01).CTGF protein expression of RPMCs induced by high glucose increased,in time-and dose-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05).MG132 could significantly decrease the expression of ERK1/2 and CTGF induced by high glucose (P＜0.05).Conclusions MG132 can decrease the expression of p-ERK1/2 and CTGF in RPMCs induced by high glucose.The ubiquitin proteasome pathway participates in the development of peritoneal fibrosis,and blocking the way may contribute to the prevention of peritoneal fibrosis.

Objective To identify rodent residues using DNA barcoding technology in plague areas of Shaanxi and to analyze the feasibility of DNA barcoding method.Methods DNA extraction,PCR,electrophoresis and sequence determination and alignment were used to determine the cytochrome C oxidase Ⅰ (COI) gene sequence from 62 residues of 7 species identified by morphology in 8 different parts.COI gene sequence was analyzed using BLAST software of American National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) for sequence homology comparison and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by using the neighbor joining(NJ)method of COI gene sequence.Results In addition to the hair,CO I genes of the feet,the tail,the fur,the muscle,the ribs,the ear,and the eye were amplified,respectively,and the size of amplified fragment was similar to the size of the product with an expected fragment(700 bp),and the fragment was a single band.COI genes of 59 residue specimen were obtained by DNA sequencing and there were high degree of homologies between CO I gene sequences of Meriones unguiculatus,Cricetulus barabensis,Meriones meridianus,Dipus sagitta,Phodopus roborovskii,Rattus norvegicus and Allactaga sibirica and their corresponding host genes in NCBI(99.0％,98.1％,99.8％,98.9％,99.5％,99.1％,98.3％).NJ method showed that 7 NJ phylogenetic trees were constructed with COI sequence of 59 species residues.The CO I sequences of same rodent with different residues were clustered into one group.Condusion DNA barcoding technology can identify host animal residues in plague areas,and the identification results are reliable.

Objective To investigate the effects of permissive hypercapnia ventilation on cerebral oxygen metabolism and postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients.Methods One hundred and twenty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients,aged 65-80 yr,undergoing elective lower abdominal surgery under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=60 each): routine ventilation group (group R) and permissive hypercapnia ventilation group (group H).In group H,VT=6-8 ml/kg,RR=12-14 bpm,I: E=1: 2,and PaCO2 was maintained at 45-65 mm Hg and pH value ＞ 7.2,while in group R,VT=10-12 ml/kg,RR=14-16 bpm,I:E=1:2,and PaCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg.Blood samples were taken from the radial artery and jugular bulb for blood gas analyses at 0,5,15 and 30 min after tracheal intubation (T0.3).Cerebral A-V O2 content differences (Da-jvO2)and cerebral O2 extraction rate (CERO2) were calculated at the same time.Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at 1 day before operation,and 24 h,48 h,1 week and 2 weeks after operation.Results Compared with group R,PEr CO2 andPaCO2 were significantly increased,and pH value,Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were significantly decreased at T1.3,MMSE score was significantly increased after operation,and the incidence of post-operative cognitive dysfunction was significantly decreased after operation (P ＜ 0.05 or0.01).Compared with the baseline value at T0,Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were significantly decreased at T1-3 in both groups,PETCO2 and PaCO2 were significantly increased,and pH value,Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were significantly decreased at T1-3 in group H,and MMSE score was significantly decreased at 24 h,48 h,1 week and 2 weeks after operation in both groups (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Permissive hypercapnia ventilation can improve the cerebral oxygen metabolism during operation,and reduce post-operative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly patients.

Objective To determine the dose-response relationship of sufentanil blunting responses to double-lumen endotracheal intubation when combined with propofol given by target-controlled infusion (TCI) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods One hundred patients of both sexes with pulmonary tuberculosis,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 24-58 yr,with body mass index ＜30 kg/m2,with Mallampati grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ,undergoing thoracic surgery under general anesthesia,were divided into Ⅰ-Ⅴ groups (n =20 each) using a random number table.Anesthesia was induced with iv sufentanil 0.35 μg/kg (group Ⅰ),0.40 μg/kg (group Ⅱ),0.45 μg/kg (group Ⅲ),0.50 μg/kg (group Ⅳ) and 0.55 μg/kg (group Ⅴ),and propofol TCI (target plasma concentration 3.5 μg/ml) and iv vecuronium 0.15 mg/kg.The patients were endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.The response to double-lumen endotracheal intubation was defined as positive when mean arterial pressure increased by＞ 20％ of the baseline value and/or heart rate ＞ 90 bpm within 5 min after intubation.The median effective dose (ED50),ED95 and 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI) of sufentanil blunting the responses to double-lumen endotracheal intubation were calculated by Probit analysis.Results The ED50 (95％ CI) and ED95 (95％ CI) of sufentanil blunting the responses to intubation were 0.411 (0.370-0.441) μg/kg and 0.635 (0.556-0.888) μg/kg,respectively,when combined with propofol given by TCI.Conclusion When combined with propofol given by TCI (target plasma concentration 3.5 μg/ml),the ED50 and ED95 of sufentanil blunting the responses to double-lumen endotracheal intubation are 0.411 and 0.635 μg/kg,respectively,in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.