Objective: To explore the nature of voltage dependent ion channels and basic electrophysiological characteristics of cochlear spiral ganglion neurons of apical and basal turn by patch clamp techniques of whole cell configure on murine spiral ganglion neurons. Method: Different voltage dependent ionic currents were recorded with patch clamp techniques of whole cell configure on the condition of different internal electrode solution,blockers and stimulus protocol. Result: Inward sodium channel current(I_(Na)), hyperpolarization-activated inward cationic current(I_h) ,outward delay rectification potassium current (I_k) and outward transient potassium current (I_A)were recorded , significant difference of electrophysiological characteristics of I_A and I_k was found between apical and basal turns(P＜0.05). Conclusion: Various ionic currents are recorded,which shows that spiral ganglion neurons have the base of ionic channels to complete formation,conduction and modulation of action potential for auditory information transduction, the difference of electrophysiological characteristics between apical and basal turns contributes to the course of hearing formation.

Endoscopic sinus surgery is effective to nasal sinus mucocele with eye symptoms as main manifestation. It is very importment to raise the awareness of the disease and to prompt imaging examination. Three cases were reviewed. One mucocele was found in the frontal sinus ethmoid sinus,1 in the fronto-ethmoid sinus and 1 in the spheno-ethmoid sinus. All cases were preoperatively diagnosed by CT, MRI or intranasal endoscopy. Nasal sinus mucocele with eye symptoms as main manifestation should be early diagnosed. Endoscopic sinus surgery is a safe and effective method for the treatment of nasal sinus mucocele,and could be the primary choice for it. All cases were treated by nasal endoscopic sinus surgery. The majority of symptoms, such as exophthalmos, epiphora and diplopia, disappeared in all patients. However, vision recovery was observed only in some patients.
Diplopia ; complications ; Endoscopy ; Ethmoid Sinus ; pathology ; Exophthalmos ; complications ; Frontal Sinus ; pathology ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; complications ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mucocele ; complications ; diagnosis ; Paranasal Sinus Diseases ; complications ; diagnosis

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Endoscopy ; Epistaxis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Young Adult

Objective The comparison research of protective effect between intravenous infusion injection of safflor yellow and hydroxyl safflor yellow A on acute myocardial ischemia injury in rats. Methods Qualified 60 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups at random (12 in each group):Blank control group, AMI model (treated with normal saline) group, intravenous infusion injection of safflor yellow (90 mg/kg) group, HSYA low dosage (20 mg/kg) group and high dosage (40 mg/kg) group. The acute myocardial ischemia injury in rats was induced by ligating the anterior descending coronary artery in Wistar rats and administered different dosage of safflor yellow and hydroxyl safflor yellow A with intraperitoneal injection. Myocardial infarction degree (MID) was calculated by detecting myocardial infarction area with nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT) assay. The changes of ST-elevation, CK-MB, cTnT, SOD activities and MDA contents were detected and analyzed. Results The intravenous injection of safflor yellow and HSYA low dosage group can significantly decreased ST-elevation [difference is (0.087?.022)mv,(0.091?.014)mv],MID[difference is (20.13?.17)%,(18.36+9.38)%], CK-MB [difference is (1460.70+219.73)U/L, (1472.72?85.61)U/L], cTnT[difference is (2.345?.883)ng/ml, (2.358?.843)ng/ml], and MDA [difference is(5.71 ?.67) mmol/ml, (5.76?.84)mmol/ml] contents in serum, increased SOD[difference is(58.27?.99)U/ml,(56.49+5.19)U/ml]activities in serum.Conclusion It showed that intra venous injection of safflor yellow and hydroxyl safflor yellow A had the same protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia injury in rats. Hydroxyl safflor yellow A is an important portion of safflor yellow.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal perforation and neck abscess induced by esophageal foreign body and to make a better solution for the disease. METHOD: Twenty-four cases with esophageal perforation and neck abscess induced by esophageal foreign body treated in our department were surgery under general anesthesia. The foreign bodies were removed via esophagoscope in 14 cases, thorocomy in 3 eral neck incision in 5; and no foreign bodies were found in 2 cases. RESULT: There were 16 cases complicated by abscess. Among these complications,there were 10 cases of periesophageal abscess,4 cases of neck abscess and 1 case of mediastinal abscess. In 24 patients, 21 cases cured and one died. One case was sent to the department of endocrinology because of hyperglycaemia and two cases were sent to the department of thoracic surgery for further treatment. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to the management of esophageal perforation induced by esophageal foreign body. Thin-section CT has a high value for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis in such patients. Once deep neck abscess is diagnosed, an early abscess surgical drainage, an appropriate antibiotics and a nutrition supporting treatment are effective for the patients.
Abscess ; etiology ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drainage ; Esophageal Perforation ; etiology ; surgery ; Esophagus ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of endoscopic nasal cavity expansion surgery on obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and nasal obstruction. METHOD: Clinical data of 48 OSAHS patients with structural abnormality in nasal cavity treated in our department were retrospectively analysed. These patients received endoscopic nasal cavity expansion surgery and were observed for the relief of both subjective and objective symptoms. RESULT: PSG was reexamined 12 months postoperatively. Of all the patients, 29 cases (60.4%) showed complete recovery, 10 cases (20.8%) showed remarkable improvement of the symptoms, 4 cases (8.3%) exhibited curative effect and 5 cases (10.4%) were of no effect, respectively. The symptoms of apnea, hypopnea, LSaO2 and somnolence were significantly improved in all patients,and nasal congestion was obviously relieved. The improvement of snore was not evident. CONCLUSION Endoscopic nasal cavity expansion surgery is effective and safe for the treatment of OSAHS mainly due to nasal obstruction. Operation should be performed to correct structural abnormality in nasal cavity and adjust symmetric distribution of nasal airflow on both sides in order to maintain normal ventilation function. The procedure is applicable to OSAHS patients accompanied by nasal congestion and upper airway resistance syndrome and personalized adjustment is beneficial for better clinical efficacy according to the condition of different patients.
Adult ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; surgery ; Nasal Obstruction ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; etiology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective: To explore the relationship of plasma apelin and angiotensin II (Ang II) with hypertension and hypertension caused early renal damage in order to provide the information for hypertension treatment. Methods: A total of 671 participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional community investigation. All participants were above 30 years of age with local residency longer than 5 years and were divided into 2 groups: Control group,n=354 non-hypertension subjects and Hypertension group,n=317 patients with essential hypertension. The levels of apelin, Ang II, urine creatinine and urinary albumin were examined. The relationship between blood pressure and the ratio of urinary albumin to urine creatinine (UACR) and the relationship between blood pressure and apelin, Ang II were studied by Pearson correlation analysis and multi linear regression analysis. Results: Compared with Control group, Hypertension group had the lower levels of apelin and higher UACR, both P<0.01. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was negatively related to Ln (apelin), positively related to Ln (Ang II), bothP<0.01. With adjusted gender, age and blood lipids, the above relationship still existed. In Hypertension group, the patients combining with the early renal damage had the lower level of apelin and higher level of Ang II, bothP<0.01. The relevant analysis indicated that Ln (UACR) was negatively related to Ln (apelin), positively related to Ln (Ang II), bothP<0.01. With adjusted gender, age, MAP and blood lipids, the above relationship still existed. Conclusion: The patients with hypertension or hypertension caused early renal damage have decreased apelin. Apelin is negatively related to Ang II, therefore, apelin might be used as a target for hypertension treatment in clinical practice.

Objective:To explore changes of central retinal vascular caliber and fractal dimension (Df) and their cor‐relation with blood pressure in hypertensive population .Methods :A total of 2169 subjects>30 years old were en‐rolled in this cross‐sectional study .They were divided into hypertension group (n=819) and non‐hypertension group (n=1350) .Fundus photos were collected in all subjects ,and semi‐automatic software was used to quantitatively ana‐lyze central retinal vascular caliber and Df ,and they were compared between two groups .Results:Compared with non- hypertension group ,there were significant reductions in central retinal arteriolar equivalent [CRAE ,(135.2 ± 10.72) μm vs .(132.25 ± 11.56) μm] ,central retinal venular equivalent [CRVE ,(184.95 ± 16.29) μm vs . (182.52 ± 17.07)μm] and Df [ (1.38 ± 0.05) vs .(1.34 ± 0.05)] in hypertension group , P<0.01 all .After adjus‐ting for age and gender ,analysis of covariance indicated that CRAE and Df of hypertension group were still signifi‐cantly lower than those of non - hypertension group (P<0.01 both) .Linear correlation analysis indicated that sys‐tolic blood pressure (SBP) ,diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were inversely correlated with CRAE and Df ( r= -0.340~ -0.174 , P<0.01 all) .After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors ,multi‐factor linear regression analysis indicated that CRAE and Df were still inversely correlated with SBP ,DBP and PP (stand‐ardizedβ= -0.190~ -0.134 ,P<0.01 all) .Df of hypertension course >5 years group was significantly lower than that of ≤5 years group [ (1.33 ± 0.05) vs .(1.35 ± 0.05)] , P<0.01. Conclusion:CARE ,Df are significantly in‐versely correlated to SBP ,DBP and PP in hypertensive population ,while correlation of Df is most .

Objective To investigate the role of interleukin 17 in the differentiation of macrophages from monocyte in vivo and its applicability in Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB).Methods Pathogen-free male C57BL/6 (n =20),IL-17-defcient C57BL/6 (n =10) and BALB/c (n =10) weighing 20-25 g.Weight-matched mice were assigned to three experimental groups.Experimental group A:BALB/c (n =5) →C57 BL/6 (n =10).Experimental group B:BALB/c (n =5) →IL-17-defcient C57BL/6(n =10).Normal control group:C57BL/6(n =10).The CD80 expression in macrophages in spleens were analysed by flowcytometry 7 days after operation.Native and transplanted lungs were harvested after 14 days and 28 days,stained with HE,and examined under light microscopy.Results Compared to experimental group A,CD80 expression of macrophages reveales a significant decrease in spleen of experimental group B.Furthermore,airway obliteration and destruction of the epithelium in experimental group A were significantly better compared with that of experimental group B on day 14 and 28 after transplantation.Conclusion IL-17 deficiency decreased the polarization of monocytes to macrophages and attenuate the pathology of obliteral bronchiolitis in murine model after trachea transplantaion.

Objective To investigate the association of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and the diameter of retinal vessel in population with essential hypertension in Fujian coastal area.Methods Central retinal artery and vein equivalents (CRAE and CRVE) were measured from the avoiding mydriatic digitized photographs and semi-automatic fundus analysis software,as well as albumin and urine creatinine.Results There were significant differences in CRAE levels among the normal control group,normoalbuminuria with essential hypertension group and microalbuminuria with essential hypertension group [(135.68 ± 10.10) μm,(129.79 ± 10.48) μm,(125.29 ± 11.17) μm,all P values ＜0.01].The CRAE levels were significantly negative correlated with UACR (r =-0.29,P ＜ 0.01).Linear regression analysis showed CRAE was associated with UACR in the patients with hypertension(β =-5.0,P ＜ 0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed,systolic blood pressure (β =1.08,P =0.02) was risk factor for CRAE abnormality.The CRAE abnormality was increased in turn in the normal control group,normoalbuminuria with the essential hypertension group and microalbuminuria with essential hypertension group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The reduction of central retinal artery diameter are associated with the hypertensive renal damage.UACR and CRAE could be used to evaluate the microvascular lesions and be used as an indicator to assess the target organs damage in essential hypertension patients.