The purpose of this review is to examine the ways in which eye position and eye movements are measured in order to justify the choice of method for the study concerning the eye movement control systems. The oculomotor control systems were reviewed previously as a viewpoint of measuring objects. Because of the different aspects of eye movement which have been considered, various techniques have been developed-each having its own characteristics of range, sensitivity, bandwidth, stability and ease of application. This study is directed at discussing the pros and cons inherent in a basic method of measurement and to indicate the interesting historical development of oculography as new technologies were employed. Various methods are summarized and photo-electronic method(Limbus tracking technique) was chosen which is most available for the future experimentation.
Eye Movements*

No abstract available.
Eye ; Eye Movements

In order to diagnose the pathological condition of vertiginous patients, a detailed observation of nystagmus in addition to examination of body equilibrium and other neurotological tests are essential. How to precisely record the eye movements is one of the goals of the researchers and clinicians who are interested in the analysis of eye movements for a long time. For considering that, one has to think about the optimal method for recording eye movements. In this review, the author introduced a new method, that is, an analysis of vestibular induced eye movements in three-dimensions and discussed the advantages and limitations of this method.
Eye ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Vertigo

The purpose of this study was to examine the eye movement depending on putting distance and accuracy in golf putting. The subjects were semi-professional 5 golfers. Golfers had performed golf putting on 2 m and 15 m distances. Visual search had used in order to examine the eye movement in success and failure of putting by eye tracker (Dikablis 2.0). During golf putting, eye movement analysis had analyzed on the ball and the hole of putting distance and accuracy. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance for repeated measures using SPSS ver. 15.0 program. Visual search to distance and accuracy on ball were as followed. Duration was significant differences in putting distance. Number of glances was significant differences in accuracy. Percentaged glance proportion was significant differences in putting distance. Glance frequency was significant differences in putting distance. Visual search to distance and accuracy on hole were followed. Total glance time and number of glances were significant differences in putting distance. Mean glance duration was significant differences in putting distance, accuracy, and between interaction. Percentaged glance proportion was significant differences in putting distance and between interaction. Maximal glance duration was significant differences in putting distance, accuracy, and between interaction. Minimal glance duration was significant differences in accuracy, and between interaction. Glance frequency was significant differences in between interaction. This study will be expected to be utilized for putting performance improvement as a basis for developing an exercise program.
Eye Movements ; Golf*

A new method is described which uses photo-electric matrix method to measure two-dimensional eye movements. This system is composed of the detector unit (monitor), matrix and correction circuits and stimulus generator. A light and small detector unit attached to the modified trial frame transduces positional informations and can be achieved head-mounting. The instrument operates in the infrared, so that it does not interfere with normal vision, and over a two-dimensional visual field to +/-15 degrees. A system for generating a fixed target whose velocity, displacement, form, intensity, and other characteristics can be varied systematically also is described. The operating procedures are described and operating records are shown. Electrical and optical modifications of the present system will make possibIe the measurement of more smaller movement of the eye. Extensions and improvement of the technique of measurement are discussed briefly.
Eye Movements* ; Visual Fields

The measurement of eye movements in three dimensions is an important tool to investigate the human oculomotor system. When compared with the conventional electro-nystagmography (ENG) and scleral search coil system (SSCS), the video-oculography (VOG) has a higher accuracy and is a more comfortable and reliable method for the 3D-measurement of human eye movements.
Eye Movements* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Eye Movements* ; Sensitivity and Specificity*

No abstract available.
Eye Movements ; Rhabdomyoma

Gaze or eye movements are used as a communication interface in daily life. Herein, we developed a simple method for gaze estimations based on planar approximations of voltage ratios calculated from multiple electro-oculogram signals not affected by drift phenomena, which decrease accuracy. Subsequently, we conducted simulations using an eyeball battery model and investigated the effects of adjusting electrode arrangements, determination coefficients for planar approximations of voltage ratios, and threshold values for angles between simultaneous linear equations, to improve the estimation accuracy and decreased the number of required electrodes. Numerical experiments were used to identify arrangements of six electrodes with errors that were approximately 5° less than those of nine-electrode L-shaped arrangements, indicating improved estimation accuracy with fewer electrodes.
Electrodes ; Eye Movements ; Methods

PURPOSE: The overaction or underaction of oblique muscle is generally evaluated by grossly observingmaximal ductional eye movements, therefore, leading to various results among practioners. This study is to attain objective and accurate muscle function tests by digital videographic method and to verify its accuracy. METHODS: 15 patients with inferior oblique overaction and 7 patients with superior oblique underaction were involved. The subjects were examed by both the gross and digital method and the results were compared. RESULTS: The average difference between gross and videographic analysis was ranging from 0.01 to 1.18. A difference of less than 0.5 was found in 12 patients and 2 patients showed a difference of greater than 1.0. The linear regression curve between digital and gross analysis methods was y=0.93 x -0.10(x=gross method, y=videographic method). The coefficiency of variation to verify its reproducibility for measurements of total variability in 22 patients was 19.66% in gross method and 6.93% in videographic method. CONCLUSIONS: There didn't appear to be significant difference between the results by gross and digital method of analysis but, appeared to be significant difference between the coefficiency of variation by gross and digital method of analysis. Digital videographic measurement, therefore, may be an objective method of examining supraduction and infraduction in oblique muscle which requires further effort in its standardization and precision.
Eye Movements ; Humans ; Linear Models