During 1992-1997 year period, 41 eyes with the loss of posterior capsula were submitted to a surgery of insertion of artificial vestibular vitreous lens of S. flex from Alcon firm. Results affirmed its proper application in all cases. The possible complications were noted lately in some cases such as oedema, dystrophy of the cornea and a raise of ocular tension. The dimention of the lens and the exact location of the artificial lens were also the problems of concern
Cataract ; Eye, Artificial ; surgery

Background: Eyes are an important component of the face and vital organs of vision. Eye loss can be caused by congenital defects, trauma, or tumor. Loss of an eye produces physical abnormalities that pose a psychological burden on the patient, as well as visual function damage. An ocular prosthesis is an artificial maxillofacial prosthesis to replace the lost eye. Case summary: A 54-year-old man consults at the Prosthodontics Specialist Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital for an eye prosthesis. The patient did not have the right eyeball since birth. Soft tissue around the eye is normal, including the palpebral muscles. Case management: An impression was made using a custom tray and alginate in the defect area, followed by filling the impression with gypsum type 3 to get a working model, from which a wax model is made and adjusted to the patient. After that, sclera and ocular acrylic prostheses are made on the basis of an adjusted wax model. The prosthesis is then polished and colored according to the contralateral eye. Then the prosthesis is delivered to the patient. Conclusion The hollow custom-made eye prosthesis can be considered in the treatment of anophthalmia. It is able to improve the patient's psychological and emotional status.
Eye ; Eye, Artificial ; Social Determinants of Health

PURPOSE: To describe the rare condition of an infection of hydroxyapatite orbital implant in five patients who had undergone seemingly uncomplicated evisceration and implantation of hydroxyapatite orbital implant. METHODS: The infection of hydroxyapatite orbital implant developed from 6 months to 6 years (mean 3 years 4months) after evisceration and from 3months to 6years (mean 2years 7months) after drilling. In all cases, lid swelling, conjunctival injection and implant exposure were observed. In 3 cases, the hydroxyapatite orbital implant was removed and Medpor(R) implantation was done. In 2 cases, the hydroxyapatite orbital implant was removed and dermis fat graft was done simultaneously. RESULTS: In all five cases the inflammation signs disappeared and conjunctival sac was well formed for artificial eye fitting after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We experienced 5 cases of infected hydroxyapatite orbital implant, and treated them successfully.
Dermis ; Durapatite* ; Eye, Artificial ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Orbit* ; Orbital Implants* ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To manufacture a light artificial eye that is lighter in weight than a conventional artificial eye and to correct the problems resulting from the long-term use of artificial eyes in anophthalmic patients. METHODS: The light artificial eyes were manufactured by substituting their posterior portions with a lightweight material, polystyrene. The conventional artificial eyes manufactured with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and sold by the American Optical Corporation were used as the control. The control was grouped according to 3, 4, and 5 grams in weight with 8 sets in each group. The light artificial eyes that have the same volume and shape as the conventional ones was compared in terms of the reduction rates of weight with each group. RESULTS: The reduction rates of weight in the light artificial eyes were 22.6%, 40.2%, and 46.7% in the 3-, 4-, and 5-gram groups, respectively. In addition, the light artificial eyes showed significant statistical differences from the conventional ones. CONCLUSIONS: The light artificial eye, the posterior portion of which was substituted with a lightweight material, showed a significant reduction in weight, and the rate of weight reduction was higher with the heavier groups. Therefore, the lightweight artificial eye, which has fewer side effects to the orbit and adnexa, could contribute to the rehabilitation of the anophthalmic patients.
Eye, Artificial* ; Humans ; Orbit ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Polystyrenes ; Rehabilitation ; Weight Loss

The ocular symptoms of visual display terminal (VDT) syndrome are caused by asthenopia, electromagnetic waves, and eye fatigue. To find out what cause make the fatigue of eye during VDT work, we measured frequency of blinking and height of palpebral fissure at near, reading a book, and during VDT work. Tear film break-up time(BUT) was measured immediately after the VDT work and during reading a book. The frequency of blinking during VDT work and book reading decreased significantly comparing with the one at rest (p<0.01). The average frequency of blinking is 20.52 +/- 5.89/min at rest, 8.29 +/- 4.15/min at VDT work, and 10.31 +/- 5.48/min at reading. The BUT measured immediately after VDT work decreased much more than in the resting state (p<0.01). The average BUT was 11.52 +/- 3.41sec at rest and 6.18 +/- 2.65sec immediately after VDT work. The height of palpebral fissure during VDT work increased significantly comparing with the value at rest (p<0.01). The average height of palpebral fissure was 7.39 +/- 0.78mm at rest and 8.83 +/- 0.75mm during VDT work. This study reveals the fatigue of eye during VDT work was induced by the dryness of eye resulted from the increased evaporation due to the decrement in the frequency of blinking and the widening of palpebral fissure. To prevent the fatigue of eye caused by dryness during VDT work, it is important for VDT workers to intend to blink frequently, place VDT lower than eye level to reduce the height of palpebral fissure, humidify the room adequately, put artificial eye tear in eye frequently, and take a rest after 20 mimutes work at least.
Asthenopia ; Blinking ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Eye, Artificial ; Fatigue ; Tears

Three-electrode testing method was used to investigate the effect of temperature on electrode impedance, and the pH shifts in saline solution resulting from the electrical stimulation were also determined. Experiments in PBS (phosphate buffered solution) solution showed that the electrode impedance was almost invariable at the human body temperature range (35 degrees C-40 degrees C). And the experiments in unbuffered saline solution showed that pH shifts decreased from 0.03 to 0.005 when the frequency of biphasic charged-balanced pulses increased from 1 Hz to 100 Hz. Even stimulated by monophasic pulses (frequency is 15 Hz, amplitude is 50 microA), the stimulus-induced pH shift of electrode only varies 0.15 (anodic pulse current increased 0.15 and cathodic pulse current decreased 0.15).
Electrochemistry ; Eye, Artificial ; Materials Testing ; Microelectrodes ; Prostheses and Implants

PURPOSE: To report a case of Charles Bonnet syndrome in a patient who developed phantom vision of an enucleated eye. The patient had lost her vision because of a chemical burn 10 years previously. CASE SUMMARY: A 37-year-old woman received enucleation of one eye because ocular pain and phthisis had developed due to a chemical burn that occurred 10 years previously. On the first postoperative day, she complained of phantom vision in the enucleated eye. The image she described was like sparkling bubbles. She had recognized the image was not real, and no psychological problems were found during pre- and postoperative periods. Her wound state was good, so she is currently wearing an artificial eye, though her phantom vision intermittently returns. She has adapted to her phantom vision such that she now rarely feels discomfort. RESULTS: Charles Bonnet syndrome is a visual hallucination that occurs among the blind or those who are visually impaired. Besides ophthalmologic care, sociological and psychological care should be considered.
Adult ; Burns, Chemical ; Eye ; Eye, Artificial ; Female ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Vision, Ocular

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and sensation of instillation between 0.05% cyclosporine nanoemulsion group and microemulsion group. METHODS: This is a double-blind, prospective randomized clinical trial. Patients had 2 weeks of wash-out period before the study. They were randomly assigned to either nanoemulsion group or microemulsion group and treated with each group's cyclosporine eye drop. Artificial eye drop and topical steroid were used together according to severity of dryness of cornea. We checked every patient's Break-up time (BUT), Schirmer test, Staining Score and Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) on baseline, 1 month and 3 months after. Patients also self-checked frequency of use of artificial eye drop and topical steroid. Sensation of instillation was also checked. RESULTS: Both nanoemulsion eye-drop and microemulsion eye-drop improved BUT, Schirmer test, Staining Score and OSDI throughout 12 weeks. The nanoemulsion type reduced OSDI significantly compared to the microemulsion type. The mean frequency of use of artificial tear and topical steroid was similar in both groups. Foreign body sense score was higher in microemulsion group. CONCLUSIONS: 0.05% cyclosporine nanoemulsion type has simillar efficacy and subjectively less foreign body sensation.
Cornea ; Cyclosporine ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; Eye, Artificial ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Sensation ; Tears

Hydorxyapatite ocular implants, which are used to replace the volume of the orbit following enucleation and evisceration, allow the artificial eye to move. For this advantage, drilling is required to integrate peg into implant for transfer of motion. The earlier drilling, the earlier good results in cosmesis, but it should be done in the conditon of complete vascularization to reduce infection and exposure. To evaluate the proper timing for drilling and the difference of vascularization rate between standard eevisceration(group A) and modified evisceration(group B), we attempted to evaluate implant vascularization by using 99mTc-MDP bone scan prospectively at various intervals from 10 to 23 weeks(6 patients at 10-12 weeks, 29 patients at 13-16 weeks, 31 patients at 1720 weeks, and 7 patients as 21-23 weeks) after implantation. In 7 out of 73 patients postcontrast MRI was performed on the same day of 99mTc-MDP bone scan, we compared the degree of enhancement with that of uptake in each patients. In group A the ratio of complete graft vascularization was seen in 0% at 1012 weeks, 33% at 13-16 weeks, 50% at 17-20 weeks, and 67% at 21-23 weeks. On the other hadnd in group B it was seen in 50% at 10-12 weeks, 55% at 13-16 weeks, 55% at 17-20 weeks, and 75% at 21-23 weeks. It was increased with time. The time of complete vascularization was not different between group A and B. In 7 patients studied with both 99mTc-MDP bone scan and MRI, the degrees of vascularization were very similar on the two examinations in each patients. We would like to suggest that it is proper to perform 99mTc-MDP bone scan at 21 weeks after implantation regardless of surgical methods. 99mTc-MDP bone scan is more economic than postcontrast MRI for evaluation of complete vascularization in hydroxyaptite implant.
Durapatite* ; Eye, Artificial ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Orbit ; Prospective Studies ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate* ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To study the use of acellular dermal allografts for the reconstruction of contracted anophthalmic sockets. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 12 patients with contracted sockets who underwent reconstructive surgery using acellular dermal allografts from 2002 to 2006. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 44.4 years. The mean duration of conjunctival sac contracture after removal of the eyeball was 21.4 years. In 4 patients, acellular dermal allografts were used as spacer grafts to elevate the eyelids, and in 8 patients the allografts were used as a conjunctival grafting material. All patients were able to wear ocular prostheses comfortably 2.2 months after surgery with acceptable cosmesis. There were no serious complications, such as infections or graft rejections during follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: When used as conjunctival grafting materials and tarsal substitutes to elevate patients' eyelids, acellular dermal allografts gave cosmetically and functionally acceptable results in the surgical rehabilitation of contracted sockets.
Contracts ; Contracture ; Eye, Artificial ; Eyelids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Transplants