1.Color-vision abnormalities among patients undergoing tuberculosis treatment
Emerson M. Cruz ; Frances G. Puentespina ; Karlo Paolo L. Alejo ; Evelyn T. Santos-Morabe ; Ma. Lourdes R. Nañ ; agas
Philippine Journal of Ophthalmology 2010;35(1):3-9
Objective:
This study determined the incidence of and risk factors for color-vision
abnormalities among Filipino patients undergoing directly observed treatment
short-course (DOTS) for tuberculosis.
Methods:
A prospective single-cohort study involving newly diagnosed patients with
category-1 tuberculosis, recruited from DOTS health centers in Manila, was
conducted. All patients were given a fixed-dose combination of rifampicin,
isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 60 days, after which treatment
was continued with rifampicin and isoniazid for 4 more months. The
participants underwent complete eye evaluation including color-vision testing
and were followed up every month up to the conclusion of treatment.
Results:
Out of 93 patients initially enrolled, 64 completed the prescribed follow-up
and constituted the study group. Baseline color vision was normal. After 1 month
of therapy, color vision tested with the Ishihara plates remained normal in all
patients, but one failed the Farnsworth Panel D 15 and was classified as tritan
while 30 (47.88%) failed the Lanthony Desaturated test. The type of abnormality
was unclassified in 20 (66.67 %)patients and tritan in 10 (33.3%). Visual acuity
remained unchanged from baseline. Repeat testing after ethambutol and
pyrazinamide were stopped showed that color vision was normal using the
Ishihara plates and the Farnsworth test, while 5 failed the Lanthony test. Of
these, 3 were unclassified and 2 were tritan. In the 3rd to 6th months follow-up,
no color-vision abnormalities were noted in the 3 tests. The only risk factor
identified was age (p = 0.01) with older patients having a higher risk.
Conclusion
The incidence of color-vision abnormalities among patients undergoing
DOTS was 47.88% using the Lanthony Desaturated test after an average of
39.66 days on quadruple anti-TB therapy. Age was the only significant risk
factor observed. The color-vision abnormalities returned to normal within an
average of 37.85 days after discontinuing ethambutol and pyrazinamide.
Ethambutol
;
Tuberculosis
;
Color Vision
2.Prevalence of color-vision deficiency among male high-school students
Emerson M. Cruz ; Herma Grace S. Cerdana ; Ann Margaret B. Cabrera ; Chanda B. Garcia ; Evelyn T. Santos-Morabe ; Ma. Lourdes R. Nañ ; agas
Philippine Journal of Ophthalmology 2010;35(1):20-24
Objective This study determined the prevalence of color-vision deficiency among male high-school students in a public school. Methods Male high-school students were screened for color-vision deficiency using 6 plates of the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates. All students with one or more errors were reexamined at a later date with the full 15 Ishihara plates and the Farnsworth D15 (FD15) test. A detailed history was taken and an ocular examination was conducted. Students who identified less than 10 plates correctly on the FD15 were classified as color-deficient and underwent the Farnsworth Munsell 100 hue (FM 100) test. The results were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 1,258 male high-school students, aged 12 to 16 years, were included in the study, 122 of whom failed the screening test. Of these, 106 completed the 15 Ishihara plates. Sixty-five failed and were classified as color-visiondeficient, of which 64 (98%) were deutans. Deutan was also the most common deficiency determined using the FD15 (78.95%) and FM100 (44.19 %) hue tests. Conclusion The prevalence of color-vision deficiency among male students in a public high school was 5.17% (65/1,258). The most common deficiency was the deutan type.
Color Vision Defects