Professor §ç TÊt Lîi was graduated pharmacist in France, who was author of Book 'Medicinal plants and herbal medicine of Vietnam. Professor attended First International Committee of National traditional pharmacy at Strasbourg, France on June 1990 with subject 'Vietnamese medicine resource: How did herbalist, scientist approached such medicine resource?'. He went France in 1991 to speak about eastern traditional medicine and Vietnamese traditional medicine. Result of Experiences of use of drug, preparation of medicine resource of forefathers is scientific subjects of studies, which is very precious and never run out
Medicine, Traditional ; Europe, Eastern ; Medicine

Human hydatid cyst of the liver is rare in Korea, although it is the most frequent cause of liver cysts in the world. It is endemic in Greece, other parts of Eastern Europe, South America, Australia, and South Africa. Until now, a few cases have been reported in the Korean literature. But it is expected to confront this disease because of recent increase in traveling to the endemic area. With this trend, we experienced a case of hydatid cyst of the liver in a 66- year-old male patient who had been worked in the middle east for 4 years. In this clinical case report, we present all the patient course and treatment with brief review of previous literature.
Australia ; Echinococcosis* ; Europe, Eastern ; Greece ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver* ; Male ; Middle East ; South Africa ; South America

Two regression models, based on panel data over the period of 2000-2011, are built and used to analyze what factors determine China's exports of primary and semi-finished products of traditional Chinese medicine to ASEAN. The results indicate that, China GDP, the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita, average export price, the ratio of state-owned assets to total assets, have a significant positive influence on the export volumes of primary products of Chinese medicine. At the same time, RMB appreciation, the ratio of three kinds of foreign-invested assets to total assets, China-ASEAN Early Harvest Program, ASEAN-China Free Trade Area have a significant negative influence. In respect of the export volumes of semi-finished products of Chinese medicine, the significant influential factors are ASEAN GDP and the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita. The former is positive and the latter is negative. In order to optimize the commodity composition of experts, it is needed to increase export volumes of both primary and semi-finished products of Chinese medicine. According to the analysis above, some proposals are put forward, such as, improving the performance of foreign capital, playing an exemplary and leading role in technological innovation by state-owned enterprises, taking advantage of bargaining power of suppliers, increasing outward foreign direct investment.
China ; Commerce ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; Europe, Eastern ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Quality Control

The incidence of tuberculoma of the brain in different countries varies reatly. They form a high percentage of intracrnial lesions dealt with in countries of Asia, Eastern Europe, Italy, Spain and South America. The recent introduction of the potent antituberculosis remedies, far from diminishing the incidence of tuberculoma of the brain, is more likely to increase it. This case was a 18 year old male who had increased intracranial pressure signs and characteristic signs which was suggestive lesion in posterior fossa. Conray ventriculography revealed nearly total obstruction of distal portion of aqueduct of Sylvius with displacement to the right side. Intensive antituberclous treatment then was started after removal of tuberculoma in cerebellar vermis and then discharged with fully recovery. References were reviewed as will.
Adolescent ; Asia ; Brain ; Cerebral Aqueduct ; Europe, Eastern ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Pressure ; Italy ; Male ; South America ; Spain ; Tuberculoma*

The incidence of tuberculoma of the brain in different countries varies reatly. They form a high percentage of intracrnial lesions dealt with in countries of Asia, Eastern Europe, Italy, Spain and South America. The recent introduction of the potent antituberculosis remedies, far from diminishing the incidence of tuberculoma of the brain, is more likely to increase it. This case was a 18 year old male who had increased intracranial pressure signs and characteristic signs which was suggestive lesion in posterior fossa. Conray ventriculography revealed nearly total obstruction of distal portion of aqueduct of Sylvius with displacement to the right side. Intensive antituberclous treatment then was started after removal of tuberculoma in cerebellar vermis and then discharged with fully recovery. References were reviewed as will.
Adolescent ; Asia ; Brain ; Cerebral Aqueduct ; Europe, Eastern ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Pressure ; Italy ; Male ; South America ; Spain ; Tuberculoma*

Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) was developed in the 1980s as an injectable filler for breast augmentation and tissue contour improvement, but its potential risk for oncogenesis and the frequent occurrence of chronic complications after injections led to the prohibition of its further use as an injectable material. Although breast augmentation with PAAG injections was mostly performed in China and Eastern Europe, the migration of patients and long-term complications of the procedure made it a global concern. Herein, we describe the case of a 49-year-old woman who immigrated to Korea after undergoing breast augmentation via PAAG injection in China, and complained of persistent mastodynia and retraction of both breasts. Surgical treatment was undertaken, along with removal of the PAAG and total capsulectomy of the fibrous capsule containing the gel through an inframammary fold incision. We share our experience of diagnosing and treating this case, and present a literature review.
Breast ; Carcinogenesis ; China ; Europe, Eastern ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogel ; Korea ; Mastodynia ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy-Associated alpha 2-Macroglobulins

Pipecuronium bromide (Arduan) is a new steroid base, bisquatemary neuromuscular blocking agent in clinical use in Eastern Europe. The chemical structure, speed of onset and duration of neuromuscular effect of pipecuronium is similar to those of pancuronium. Unlike pancuronium, however, it has no unwanted cardiovascular effects. The neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects of pipecuronium were compared with those of pancuronium in 40 adult patients anesthetized with thiopentone, nitrous oxide with oxygen and intravenous meperidine nad diazepam. Twenty patients received pancuronium 0.02 mg/kg, followed 3 minutes later by pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg intravenously (pancuronium group). The other 20 patients received pipecuronium 0.015 mg/kg and 0.08 mg/kg (pipecuronium gmup). Patient's complaint was asked 2 minutes after administrations af the priming doses. Times to 75% and 100% twitch depression were measured and the conditions of tracheal intubation were evaluated at 100% twitch depression. Heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were checked noninvasively on arrival in the operating room (control), before trachal intubation (maximal relaxation), 1, 3, and 5 minutes after tracheal intubation. The results obtained were as follows; 1) Mild complaint of patient, such as unable to open eyes or blurred vision after priming doses was 95% in the pancuronium group and 75% in the pipecuonium group. 2) The times to 75% and 100% twitch depression of the pipecuronium group were 72+/-2.2 sec and 112.8+/-3.3 sec and were shorter than those of the pancuronium group. 3) In the pancuronium group, there was significant increases of heart rate and rate pressure product (RPP) before tracheal intubation, 1, 3, and 5 minutes after tracheal intubation compared with control value. In the pipecuronium group, there was no significant change in heart rate before tracheal intubation and 5 min after tracheal intubation compared with control value, but significant decrease in blood pressure, occured with decrease in RPP. The heart rate and RPP following administration of pipecuronium decreased significantly before tracheal intubation and 5 min after tracheal intubation compared with the pancuronium group. The results from the above study suggest that pipecuronium would have advantages over patients with significant cardiovascular diseases for a prolonged operation.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Depression ; Diazepam ; Europe, Eastern ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intubation ; Meperidine ; NAD ; Neuromuscular Agents ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Nitrous Oxide ; Operating Rooms ; Oxygen ; Pancuronium ; Pipecuronium* ; Thiopental

The number of people living with HIV/AIDS continues to grow, estimated to be 39.5 million as of the end of 2006, while 4.3 million people were newly infected in 2006. The proportions of women has continued to grow, currently approaching 50%. Sub-Saharan Africa continues to bear the brunt of global epidemic, comprising 63% of all infections worldwide. The most striking increases have occurred in East Asia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia. High-risk behaviors (intravenous drug use and unprotected sex between men or with paid sex workers) are the predominant route of transmission. The number of people with HIV/AIDS continues to increase since the first report of HIV in Korea, now approaching 4,580 as of the end of 2006. The real magnitude of HIV epidemic is believed to be much larger than the recent estimates by UNAIDS shows (13,000 people with HIV infection). The prevalence among the general population is still low (less than 0.1%; probably 0.003~0.01%). The HIV epidemic in Korea shows several peculiar features: 1) a male predominance suggesting that the epidemic may still be largely confined to male homosexual community, while the transmission through heterosexual contact remains less prominent, 2) a conspicuous absence of contribution of intravenous drug use to current epidemic, and 3) a very small number of vertical transmission due to the relatively limited number of infected women. The HIV epidemic is expected to continue to grow in the foreseeable future in Korea as well as globally unless drastic efforts are made to cope with the epidemic.
Africa South of the Sahara ; Asia ; Epidemiology* ; Europe, Eastern ; Far East ; Female ; Heterosexuality ; HIV ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Prevalence ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Strikes, Employee ; Unsafe Sex

Network scale-up is an indirect size estimation method, in which participants are questioned on sensitive behaviors of their social network members. Therefore, the visibility of the behavior affects the replies and estimates. Many attempts to estimate visibility have been made. The aims of this study were to review the main methods used to address visibility and to provide a summary of reported visibility factors (VFs) across populations. We systematically searched relevant databases and Google. In total, 15 studies and reports that calculated VFs were found. VF calculation studies have been applied in 9 countries, mostly in East Asia and Eastern Europe. The methods applied were expert opinion, comparison of NSU with another method, the game of contacts, social respect, and the coming-out rate. The VF has been calculated for heavy drug users, people who inject drugs (PWID), female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients, male who have sex with male (MSM), alcohol and methamphetamine users, and those who have experienced extra-/pre-marital sex and abortion. The VF varied from 1.4% in Japan to 52.0% in China for MSM; from 34.0% in Ukraine to 111.0% in China for FSWs; and from 12.0% among Iranian students to 57.0% in Ukraine for PWID. Our review revealed that VF estimates were heterogeneous, and were not available for most settings, in particular the Middle East and North Africa region, except Iran. More concrete methodologies to estimate the VF are required.
Africa, Northern ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; China ; Drug Users ; Europe, Eastern ; Expert Testimony ; Far East ; Female ; Humans ; Iran ; Japan ; Male ; Methamphetamine ; Methods ; Middle East ; Sex Workers ; Ukraine

Network scale-up is an indirect size estimation method, in which participants are questioned on sensitive behaviors of their social network members. Therefore, the visibility of the behavior affects the replies and estimates. Many attempts to estimate visibility have been made. The aims of this study were to review the main methods used to address visibility and to provide a summary of reported visibility factors (VFs) across populations. We systematically searched relevant databases and Google. In total, 15 studies and reports that calculated VFs were found. VF calculation studies have been applied in 9 countries, mostly in East Asia and Eastern Europe. The methods applied were expert opinion, comparison of NSU with another method, the game of contacts, social respect, and the coming-out rate. The VF has been calculated for heavy drug users, people who inject drugs (PWID), female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients, male who have sex with male (MSM), alcohol and methamphetamine users, and those who have experienced extra-/pre-marital sex and abortion. The VF varied from 1.4% in Japan to 52.0% in China for MSM; from 34.0% in Ukraine to 111.0% in China for FSWs; and from 12.0% among Iranian students to 57.0% in Ukraine for PWID. Our review revealed that VF estimates were heterogeneous, and were not available for most settings, in particular the Middle East and North Africa region, except Iran. More concrete methodologies to estimate the VF are required.
Africa, Northern ; Bias (Epidemiology)* ; China ; Drug Users ; Europe, Eastern ; Expert Testimony ; Far East ; Female ; Humans ; Iran ; Japan ; Male ; Methamphetamine ; Methods* ; Middle East ; Sex Workers ; Ukraine