The study involved 197 patients at Clinical Immunology - Allergy Department of Bach Mai Hospital. These patients were diagnosed with asthma based on diagnostic criteria of the American Thoracic Association. Method: Clinical examination. Time of disease onset and factors that related to the arise of first breath difficulty. Date was processed by statistic method. The results showed that asthma could arise at any age. The prevalence is highest (39.59%) in children and teens (0-20 years of old) and lowest (4.06%) in group of 60 years of old or more. Among causal factors of asthma, respiratory inflammations such as bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis and allergic rhinitis were most common (67.5%).
Asthma ; etiology

The manifestations of pediatric gastroesohageal reflux (GER) are varied and complex. Extra-oesophageal symptoms, including GER-related respiratory diseases, ear, nose and throat diseases, oral diseases and neuropsychiatric symptoms, are thought to be major manifestations of pediatric GER, but the causal relationship between GER and these extra-oesophageal symptoms is still unclear. Therefore, we describe the progress of research on the relationship between GER and asthma, chronic cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, laryngeal papilloma, sinusitis, otitis media, dental erosion, apparent life-threatening event, and the crying baby syndrome in this review. It provides new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of GER-related diseases in children.
Asthma ; etiology ; Cough ; etiology ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; Humans ; Laryngitis ; etiology ; Sinusitis ; etiology ; Tooth Erosion ; etiology

Conjunctival Diseases/etiology* ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases/etiology*

Heart ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/etiology* ; Thromboembolism/etiology*

From Aug 2001 to July 2002 at St Paul Hospital in Hanoi, 300 fecal samples collected from 300 diarrhoea children aged from 3 months to 5 years old were studied. Results showed that in 51,9% of cases, rotavirus was the leading cause, Escherichia coli was the second, among which addhesive strains and invasive strains of coli were the most common. In first time, toxic gene was detected in the group of intestinal hemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Shigella and Campillobacter were still the common pathologic causes of pediatric diarrhoae
Diarrhea/etiology ; Child ; Epidemiology

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. It usually grows and spreads more slowly than small cell lung cancer. Objective: To describe clinical characteristics and the TNM staging of non-small cell lung cancer. Subjects and method: It was a prospective study on clinical characteristics and the TNM staging of 53 patients with non-small cell lung cancer in Bach Mai Hospital from January 2005 to June 2005. Results and conclusions: The most common age was over 40, accounting for 92.5%, male/female (2.5/1). 64.2% of cases with smoking history (97.1% for men and 2.9% for women). 79.4% of patients had smoked over 20 years. The concordance of diagnosis between the previous hospitals and Bach Mai hospital was 34.6%. The most common clinical symptoms at the time of diagnosis were chest pain, prolonged cough, haemoptysis, weight lost and pleural effusion syndrome. Basing on the 1997 International Staging System of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, we have found that T4 in 64.2%, N(+) 64.2% and metastasis in 32.1%. IIIB and IV stage in 75.5%, patients with IA to IIIA stages being able to be operated was 24.5% of cases. 92.5% of patients were over 40 years old; male/female: 2.5/1. 79.4 of patients had smoked cigarette over 20 years.
Lung Neoplasms/ pathology ; etiology

The main cause of the chronic pancreatitis were the chronic alcoholism (64%). The other etiology were hyperlipiderma (8%), malnutriation especially 16% patients had clinical biological and histogical evidences related protein malnutriation. The clinical condition were various: the abdominal pain were most common (92%). The position of pain, regardless the acute pain attack can help the diagnosis. The most comon complications were the disorder of glucose toleration (48%) and false cyst in the pancreas (32%), disorder of exocrine functions (24%) in long term studied group.
Pancreatitis, Chronic ; etiology ; diagnosis

Background: pH monitoring 24h is used to diagnose atypical gastroesophageal reflux disease or can be applied to consider surgery for cases poorly respond with medical treatment. Objective: To study clinical signs, gastroscopic and oesophageal histopathologic features, pH monitoring 24h in the patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Subjects and method: The descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease treated at Bach Mai Hospital from November 2005 to October 2006. 73 patients with GERD diagnosed according to Romell criteria were underwent gastroscopy and biopsy. 15 patients having extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease were underwent gastroesophageal reflux monitoring pH. Results: 31 (42.4%) patients had oesophagitis in which 67.7% grade A, 6.5% grade D and C, 2.7% Barret, and 53.4% having gastritis associated. 61 % oesophagitis and 13.9% Barret were seen on the biopsy. 40% (6/15) patients had abnormal pH monitoring but there was no statistically significant difference in pH monitoring between the group having oesophagitis from those without oesophagitis (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Among 15 patients underwent Ph monitoring, the rate of patients with abnormal pH monitoring was 40%. There was no statistically significant difference of pH monitoring result between patients with or without esophagus lesion.
Gastroesophageal Reflux/pathology ; etiology

A study on 79 patients with the cardiac failure has shown that the cardiovascular diseases: 26,5%, hypertension: 21,5% the coronary insufficiency: 17,7%, the pulmonary caused cardiac failure: 13,9%, the arrhythmia: 8,9%. The rate of cardiac failure in men was higher than this in women, in elderly was higher than younger and in farmer and pensioner higher than that in others. The common symptoms of the cardiac failure were breathing difficulties(100%), heart big(87,3%), peripheral edema (86,1%), tiredness (86,1%), angina pectoris (82,2%), liver big (79,7), hypouresis, palpitation (75,9%), positive cervical vein - hepatic reflex (65,8%), cough in night (56,9%), explicit cervical vein (54,4%) and pulmonary homeostasis in x-ray film (54,4%).
Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology

A study aimed at determining the major causes and influence of age, gender on the endodontic diseases. 141 patients (male: 103, female: 38) with 196 teeth participated to the study. The results have shown that 89% patients were at ages of 40 and older, the major cause of the endodontic diseases were dental decay (42%), other lesions without dental decay (30%), periodontitis (20%) and others (8%). The lesions occurred in the teeth of upper curve more frequently than these in the inferior teeth (61% compared with 31% respectively) did. There was significant difference of lesions between teeth (cheek teeth: 72%; small cheek teeth: 16%, anterior teeth and canine teeth: 12%)
Tooth Diseases ; etiology